Proportions of maxillary anterior teeth relative to each other and to golden standard in Chitwan Medical College

Introduction: One of the most important aspects of aesthetic dentistry while restoring or replacing maxillary anterior teeth is the creation of harmonious proportion between the widths of them. The appearance of anterior teeth is critical for an attractive face and pleasing smile. The dimensional determination of maxillary anterior teeth is an important factor for both, esthetic and function. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 140 dentate subjects. Out of the 140 subjects, 70 (50%) were males and 70 (50%) were females. The age of the patients in this study ranged from 18 to 50 years. Maxillary impressions of selected subjects were made with an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. The mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth was measured from the casts with a Boley gauge. Results: The mean width ratios were 0.83 for right LI/CI and 0.85 for left LI/CI, 1.12 for right CN/LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI in total population. The mean width ratios in male group were 0.83 for right LI/CI and 0.87 for left LI/CI, 1.14 for right CN/ LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI. Similarly, in female group the mean width ratios were 0.82 for right LI/CI and 0.83 for left LI/CI, 1.1 for right CN/LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI. Conclusion: In the evaluation of LI/CI, CN/LI, WLRs golden proportion was not found in left and right for both sexes.

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A gross morphological study of the pancreas in human cadavers

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401669 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 055-060 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Sulochana ◽

T Sivakami

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Duct ◽

Gross Anatomy ◽

Vascular Pattern ◽

Medical College ◽

Mean Width ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

Head Of The Pancreas ◽

Different Shapes ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background and aims : Normal variants and congenital anomalies of the pancreas and pancreatic duct are often detected as incidental findings. The current interest in the gross anatomy and the blood supply of the pancreas is based on recent developments in pancreatic surgery, particularly in limited resection of pancreas. The purpose of this study is to review the gross morphology of the pancreas, in South Indians, regarding the dimension and shape of the pancreas, the termination of main pancreatic duct and vascular pattern of head of the pancreas. Materials and methods : One hundred specimens of pancreas, procured from cadavers and autopsy cases from Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, were carefully studied, and the data obtained were compared with similar reports available in the literature. Results: The mean length of the pancreas was found to be 16.38±2.38cm and the mean width of the head, neck, body and tail of pancreas were 5±0.78cm, 3±0.46cm, 3.7±0.56cm and 2.7±0.34cm respectively. Three different shapes of pancreas were found: oblique, inverted 'V' and sigmoid. Double anterior pancreatico duodenal arterial arcade was observed in 2% of specimens. Conclusion : Knowledge of normal anatomy of the pancreas and vascular pattern is essential for understanding the segmental resection of pancreas and in pancreas-sparing duodenectomy.

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Morphometric Study of Axis Vertebra in Subjects of Indian Origin

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.18311/ijmds/2018/18911 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jasveen Kaur ◽

Kamaljeet Kaur ◽

Poonam Singh ◽

Ajay Kumar

Keyword(s):

Transverse Process ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Transverse Diameter ◽

Medical College ◽

Axis Vertebra ◽

Graph Paper ◽

Indian Origin ◽

Mean Width ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Background: The axis vertebra, exhibits complex and extensive variability in the morphology and there are vital neurovascular structures in its proximity. Knowledge of this variability is important for neurosurgeons, orthopaedicians, otorhynologists and other physicians who in everyday practice are in contact with disorders of the spine and their consequences.Objective: The aim was to evaluate various morphometric dimensions of axis vertebrae and to compare with the available data.Material and Methods: 50 dried human axis vertebrae of Indian origin, available in the Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana were studied. Various dimensions were taken with vernier calipers, metric scale and graph paper. The dimensions were measured in millimetres and statistically analysed with paired t-test.Results: The mean of maximum anteroposterior diameter (max.APD) and maximum transverse diameter (max.TD) of Superior Articular Facet (SAF) was measured as 17.42mm±1.73 and 15.31mm±1.44 on the right side, 17.64mm±1.51 and 15.17mm±1.48 on left side. The mean Distance from Lateral most edge of SAF to Midline was measured as 22.56mm ± 2.37 and 22.40mm ± 2.16 on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean Distance from Tip of Transverse Process to Midline was 26.45mm ± 2.85 on the right and 26.03mm ± 2.64 on the left side. The mean Height of Dens was measured as 13.83mm ± 1.52, mean Width of Dens as 9.57mm ± 0.85. Width of Pedicle was measured as 10.52mm ± 1.99 and 10.61mm ± 1.67on right and left sides, respectively.Conclusion: The knowledge of these dimensions can provide useful information for safe planning of osseous fixation.

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Anthropometric Evaluation of Foramen Ovale in Adult Dry Skulls of the Mysuru-based Population

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1678754 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (01) ◽

pp. 014-016

Author(s):

Vidya Srikantaiah ◽

Hemamalini Shetty

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Middle Cranial Fossa ◽

Foramen Ovale ◽

Medical College ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Mean Width ◽

Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomy ◽

Cranial Fossa ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Introduction The greater wing of sphenoid presents various foramina, of which the foramen ovale is one important foramen through which advanced surgical therapeutic and diagnostic procedures related to the middle cranial fossa are performed. Materials and Methods A total of 40 dried adult skulls of unknown gender and age, obtained from the Department of Anatomy of the JSS medical College, Mysuru, Kamakata, India. The length and the width of the foramen ovale were measured using digital sliding calipers (tiny deal 150 mm SS digital caliper with LCD display, Kristeel-Shimwa industries, Bombay, India). Results The mean length of the foramen ovale was 0.745 ± 0.31 cm on the right side (RS), and 0.68 ± 0.15 cm on the left side (LS). The mean width was 0.6 ± 0.17 cm on the RS, and 0.56 ± 0.14 cm on the LS. Conclusion The knowledge of variations in the length and breadth of the foramen ovale is of immense importance in neurosurgery during various invasive surgical procedures, such as percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy, and in the biopsy of cavernous sinus tumors and of Meckel cave lesions.

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A study on gender related differences in oxidative stress status

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v6i1.38938 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

MMR Sardar ◽

MOI Ali ◽

F Pervin ◽

F Yeasmin ◽

N Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxide ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Female Group ◽

Tocopherol Concentration ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Group ◽

Oxidative Stress Status ◽

The Mean

Female lives longer than male and incidence of cardiovascular disease is lower in young female. However the role of oxidative stress has been repeatedly described in various diseases but rarely healthy people. The objective of the study was to observe the gender related differences in oxidative stress status and to show significance in alteration. This cross sectional and comparative study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Rajshahi Medical College during the period from January 2013 to June 2014. Total 45 healthy adult subjects (25 males and 20 females) were enrolled in the study. Systematic sampling technique was used to select each study subject from students, doctors and staffs of Rajshahi Medical College. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxide and alpha-tocopherol, an antioxidant in plasma was measured. MDA:alpha-tocopherol ratio was used as a reliable marker of oxidative stress status. The mean plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and plasma MDA: alpha-tocopherol ratio was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in female group than male group. The mean plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in female group aged 18-21 years than the corresponding male group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that oxidative stress is less in female than in male indicating presence of potent compensatory response against oxidative stress in female which may be attributed to influence of female sex hormones. Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 1: Jan 2019, Page 13-18

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Morphometric Measurements of Talus in South Keralites

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (43) ◽

pp. 3711-3714

Author(s):

Leena Ammini Bhaskaran ◽

Latha Sreedhar Lekshmi Sreedhar

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Measurements ◽

Non Union ◽

Medical College ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Tarsal Bones ◽

Mean Width ◽

Talipes Equinovarus ◽

Length Width ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND The posterior half of the foot is made of seven tarsal bones. Talus is seen above calcaneus. It has a head, neck and body. There are three facets anterior, middle and posterior facets that articulate with corresponding facets of the calcaneus. The middle and posterior facets are separated by a groove sulcus tali. We wanted to know the morphometric measurements of talus in South Keralites in this study. METHODS The study was done on 68 dry human tali of unknown age and sex in the Department of Anatomy, Government medical college, Trivandrum. The measurements were taken i.e., length, width and height of talus using vernier calipers. The length, width and height of sulcus tali were also measured. The range and mean of measurements were estimated. The calcaneal facets were studied and classified to find the most common and least common types. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver 16.0. RESULTS The mean anteroposterior length of the talus was 4.84 ± 0.44 cm. The mean transverse length was 3.46 ± 0.47 cm. The mean height of the talus was 2.56 ± 0.31 cm. Anteroposterior length ranged from 3.84 to 6.07. The transverse length of the talus ranged from 2.81- 5 cm. Height of talus ranged from 2 - 3.2 cm. The mean anteroposterior length of sulcus tali was 2.09 ± 0.45 cm. The mean height of sulcus tali was 0.55 ± 0.09 cm. The mean width of sulcus tali was 0.62 ± 0.30 cm. Anteroposterior length of sulcus tali ranged from 1.4 - 3.8 cm. The transverse length of sulcus tali ranged from 0.34 to 1.6 cm. Height of sulcus tali ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 cm, regarding the type of facets, type 2 was most common and type 4 was found to be absent. CONCLUSIONS The adequate knowledge of the anatomy of the talus is significant not only to the anatomists but also to the orthopaedic surgeons as fractures of the talus are quite common and lead to avascular necrosis, arthritis and when unrecognized, chronic pain and non-union 3. Talectomy has been described as a limb-saving procedure for the treatment of neglected talipes equinovarus deformity. KEY WORDS Talus, Sulcus Tali, Calcaneal Facet Morphometric Measurements of Talus in South Keralites.

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Platelet Suruival and Function in Rats with Enhanced Thrombotic Tendency

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660122 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (04) ◽

pp. 739-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Federica Delaini ◽

Elisabetta Dejana ◽

Ine Reyers ◽

Elisa Vicenzi ◽

Germana De Bellis Vitti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

The Other ◽

Mean Survival Time ◽

The Mean ◽

And Function ◽

Thrombotic Tendency

SummaryWe have investigated the relevance of some laboratory tests of platelet function in predicting conditions of thrombotic tendency. For this purpose, we studied platelet survival, platelet aggregation in response to different stimuli, TxB2 and 6-keto-PGFlα production in serum of rats bearing a nephrotic syndrome induced by adriamycin. These animals show a heavy predisposition to the development of both arterial and venous thrombosis. The mean survival time was normal in nephrotic rats in comparison to controls. As to aggregation tests, a lower aggregating response was found in ADR-treated rats using ADP or collagen as stimulating agents. With arachidonic acid (AA) we observed similar aggregating responses at lower A A concentrations, whereas at higher AA concentrations a significantly lower response was found in nephrotic rats, despite their higher TxB2 production. Also TxB2 and 6-keto-PGFlα levels in serum of nephrotic rats were significantly higher than in controls. No consistent differences were found in PGI2-activity generated by vessels of control or nephrotic rats.These data show that platelet function may appear normal or even impaired in rats with a markedly increased thrombotic tendency. On the other hand, the significance of high TxB2 levels in connection with mechanisms leading to thrombus formation remains a controversial issue.

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Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

Ibrahim Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 74-77

Author(s):

Rukshana Ahmed ◽

Shamim Ara

Keyword(s):

Prostate Gland ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Age Related ◽

Group A ◽

Key Words Prostate ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

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Chest Trauma Evaluation and Outcome of Management in a Tertiary Hospital - One Year Experience

Journal of Surgical Sciences ◽

10.3329/jss.v22i2.44075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 110-117

Author(s):

Md Mahmudul Islam ◽

Khondkar AK Azad ◽

Md Aminul Islam ◽

Rivu Raj Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Chest Trauma ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Tube Thoracostomy ◽

Rib Fracture ◽

Medical College Hospital ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

The Mean

Background: Chest trauma is responsible for 50% of deaths due to trauma. This kind of death usually occurs immediately after the trauma has occurred. Various therapeutic options have been reported for management of chest injuries like clinical observation, thoracocentesis, tube thoracostomy and open thoracotomy. Objective: To observe the pattern and outcome of management in chest trauma Methods: This is an observational study carried out in Casualty department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Chittagong, between April 2015 to March 2016. Our study was included all patients, both sexes, following chest injury at Casualty units of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. All the data were recorded through the preformed data collection sheet and analyzed. Result: The mean age was found 37.7±18.1 years with range from 12 to 80 years. Male female ratio was 11.8:1. The mean time elapsed after trauma was found 6.1±3.1 hours with range from 1 to 72 hours. Almost one third (35.7%) patients was affecting road traffic accident followed by 42(27.3%) assault, 35(22.7%) stab injury, 15(9.7%) fall and 7(4.5%) gun shot . More than three fourth (80.5%) patients were managed by tube thoracostomy followed by 28(18.2%) observation and 2(1.3%) ventilatory support. No thoracotomy was done in emergency department. 42(27.2%) patients was found open pneumothorax followed by 41(26.6%) rib fracture, 31(20.1%) haemopneumothorax, 14(9%) simple pneumothorax, 12(7.8%) haemothorax, 6(3.9%) chest wall injury, 5(3.2%) tension pneumothorax, and 3(1.9%) flail chest. About the side of tube 60(39.0%) patients were given tube on left side followed by 57(37.0%) patients on right side, 9(5.8%) patients on both (left & right) side and 28(18.2%) patients needed no tube. Regarding the complications, 13(30%) patients had persistent haemothorax followed by 12(29%)tubes were placed outside triangle of safety, 6(13.9%) tubes were kinked, 6(13.9%) patients developed port side infection, 2(4.5%)tube was placed too shallow, 2(4.5%) patients developed empyema thoracis and 2(4.5%) patients developed bronchopleural fistula. The mean ICT removal information was found 8.8±3.6 days with range from 4 to 18 days. Reinsertion of ICT was done in 6(4.7%) patients. More than two third (68.2%) patients were recovered well, 43(27.9%) patients developed complication and 6(3.9%)patients died. More than two third (66.9%) patients had length of hospital stay 11-20 days. Conclusion: Most of the patients were in 3rd decade and male predominant. Road traffic accident and tube thoracostomy were more common. Open pneumothorax, rib fracture and haemopneumothorax were commonest injuries. Nearly one third of the patients had developed complications. Re-insertion of ICT needed almost five percent and death almost four percent. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (2) : 110-117

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Comparision of two fluoride varnishes for controlling white spot lesions. Randomized clinical trial

REVISTA ODONTOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA ◽

10.33738/spo.v16i1.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jesús Alberto Luengo - Fereira

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

White Spot ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Chi Square ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

The Mean

Objective: To compare two fluorinated varnishes for the control of white spot lesions.Material and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 103 active whitespot lesions on permanent upper anterior teeth from 24 patients, aged 7 to 9 years were randomly assigned totwo groups, G1: Duraphat® (n=52) and G2: DuraShield® (n=51). Weekly applications were perform for fourconsecutive weeks. Fifth week the dimension, regression and activity of the lesions were evaluated. Student’sT test, Wilcoxon Ranks and Chi square were used at 5% significance. Results: At the end of the study, the lesion reduction was observed in 69.7%, finding significant differences(p<0.05) in the mean of the initial and final dimensions in general (2.74 mm to 1.91 mm) and in each group, G1(2.84 mm to 2.03 mm), G2 (2.64 mm to 1.78 mm). In the activity of the lesions, it was found in the G1, 12 active and6 inactive lesions; while in G2, there were 14 active and 29 inactive; these differences were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The two evaluated products showed similar clinical efficacy in the remineralization of activewhite spot lesions after 4 weeks of therapy.

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Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

Nepal Medical College Journal ◽

10.3126/nmcj.v22i3.32638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 141-145

Author(s):

Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽

S Hamal ◽

PP Panta

Keyword(s):

Pleural Effusion ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pleural Space ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

The Common ◽

The Mean ◽

Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

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