scholarly journals Morphometric Measurements of Talus in South Keralites

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 3711-3714
Author(s):  
Leena Ammini Bhaskaran ◽  
Latha Sreedhar Lekshmi Sreedhar
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Tarsal Bones ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Talipes Equinovarus ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND The posterior half of the foot is made of seven tarsal bones. Talus is seen above calcaneus. It has a head, neck and body. There are three facets anterior, middle and posterior facets that articulate with corresponding facets of the calcaneus. The middle and posterior facets are separated by a groove sulcus tali. We wanted to know the morphometric measurements of talus in South Keralites in this study. METHODS The study was done on 68 dry human tali of unknown age and sex in the Department of Anatomy, Government medical college, Trivandrum. The measurements were taken i.e., length, width and height of talus using vernier calipers. The length, width and height of sulcus tali were also measured. The range and mean of measurements were estimated. The calcaneal facets were studied and classified to find the most common and least common types. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver 16.0. RESULTS The mean anteroposterior length of the talus was 4.84 ± 0.44 cm. The mean transverse length was 3.46 ± 0.47 cm. The mean height of the talus was 2.56 ± 0.31 cm. Anteroposterior length ranged from 3.84 to 6.07. The transverse length of the talus ranged from 2.81- 5 cm. Height of talus ranged from 2 - 3.2 cm. The mean anteroposterior length of sulcus tali was 2.09 ± 0.45 cm. The mean height of sulcus tali was 0.55 ± 0.09 cm. The mean width of sulcus tali was 0.62 ± 0.30 cm. Anteroposterior length of sulcus tali ranged from 1.4 - 3.8 cm. The transverse length of sulcus tali ranged from 0.34 to 1.6 cm. Height of sulcus tali ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 cm, regarding the type of facets, type 2 was most common and type 4 was found to be absent. CONCLUSIONS The adequate knowledge of the anatomy of the talus is significant not only to the anatomists but also to the orthopaedic surgeons as fractures of the talus are quite common and lead to avascular necrosis, arthritis and when unrecognized, chronic pain and non-union 3. Talectomy has been described as a limb-saving procedure for the treatment of neglected talipes equinovarus deformity. KEY WORDS Talus, Sulcus Tali, Calcaneal Facet Morphometric Measurements of Talus in South Keralites.

scholarly journals Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among undergraduate medical students in a medical college of Gujarat: institution based cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Krutarth R. Brahmbhatt ◽  
Amul B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Background: Antimicrobial-resistant organisms are spreading worldwide, and the pipeline for new antimicrobials remains meager. The next generation of doctors must be better prepared to use antimicrobials more sparingly and appropriately.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students of GMERS Medical College Junagadh from January to May 2017. Self-administered structured close ended questionnaire in English was used. Pearson’s correlation co-efficient, t test and ANOVA were used as tests of significance.Results: Total 130 students participated in the study. Participation of females (48.5%) and males (51.5%) was almost equal. Almost 60% participants had adequate knowledge about antimicrobial resistance. The mean antimicrobial resistance knowledge score of participants was 22.7 (SD: ±5.27, min: 8, max: 37).Conclusions:Important finding of the study was that just one forth of the participants agreed that information they have received so far in medical course regarding antimicrobial resistance is adequate. The budding doctors should receive correct, adequate information regarding antimicrobial resistance.  

scholarly journals Effectiveness of teacher training conducted at Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
G P Dhungana ◽  
R M Piryani ◽  
M L Chapagain ◽  
M Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Experimental Group

Teaching and learning are equally important for the teacher. For teaching to be effective, whereby participants learn better, training of teachers is imperative. Teacher’s training is one of the important aspects of faculty development at Chitwan Medical College (CMC) and this study was done to assess the effectiveness of the teachers’ training pre test, post test experimental group design. In pre test, only 5.6% of the participants had adequate knowledge whereas after teacher’s training, 27.7 % had adequate knowledge. The mean (±SD) knowledge score before and after the intervention was 26.7±5.6 and 33.6 ± 5.6 respectively. The percent change in knowledge after intervention was 25.8 was statistically significant p value <0.001 .Which suggesting that the teachers’ training was an effective intervention.

scholarly journals Proportions of maxillary anterior teeth relative to each other and to golden standard in Chitwan Medical College

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Meena Kumari Mishra ◽  
Manjeev Guragain ◽  
Smriti Narayan Thakur ◽  
Sanjeeb Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Female Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Attractive Face ◽  
Irreversible Hydrocolloid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aesthetic Dentistry ◽  
And Function

Introduction: One of the most important aspects of aesthetic dentistry while restoring or replacing maxillary anterior teeth is the creation of harmonious proportion between the widths of them. The appearance of anterior teeth is criti­cal for an attractive face and pleasing smile. The dimensional determination of maxillary anterior teeth is an important factor for both, esthetic and function. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 140 dentate subjects. Out of the 140 subjects, 70 (50%) were males and 70 (50%) were females. The age of the patients in this study ranged from 18 to 50 years. Maxillary impressions of selected subjects were made with an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. The mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth was measured from the casts with a Boley gauge. Results: The mean width ratios were 0.83 for right LI/CI and 0.85 for left LI/CI, 1.12 for right CN/LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI in total population. The mean width ratios in male group were 0.83 for right LI/CI and 0.87 for left LI/CI, 1.14 for right CN/ LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI. Similarly, in female group the mean width ratios were 0.82 for right LI/CI and 0.83 for left LI/CI, 1.1 for right CN/LI and 1.1 for left CN/LI. Conclusion: In the evaluation of LI/CI, CN/LI, WLRs golden proportion was not found in left and right for both sexes.

External anatomical structures of sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) encephalon

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Balkaya ◽  
Burhan Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Ventral View ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Accipiter Nisus ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Chiasma Opticum ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to determine the external anatomical structures of encephalon in the sparrowhawk. For this purpose, four brains of sparrowhawk were assessed for morphometric measurements and external structures. The average weight of the sparrowhawk brain was approximately 3±0,2 g., while the mean length, width and dorsoventral thickness of sparrowhawk brain were measured 24±2 mm, 19±2 mm and 4±1 mm respectively. Dorsal appearance of the sparrowhawk encephalon showed two cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, lobus opticus, flocculus and cranial part of medulla spinalis. In lateral aspect of encephalon, pars frontalis cerebri, pars parietalis cerebri, and pars occipitalis cerebri were observed on lateral surface of the hemispherium cerebri from rostral to caudal. The well developed lobus opticus bulged laterally. In ventral view, two small and underdeveloped bulbi olfactorii projected from the rostral pole of the each hemispheres. There was no olfactory tract behind the bulbus olfactorius. Area behind the chiasma opticum constituted the brainstem structures. The midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and medulla spinalis situated from cranial to caudal respectively in the brainstem. But, there was no distinct borders between the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

scholarly journals Significance of Sacral Index in Estimation of Sex in Sacra of Cadavers in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
AHM Mostafa Kamal ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Md Mesbahul Hoque ◽  
Khadeza Khatun ◽  
Kazi Afzalur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pelvic Bone ◽  
Digital Slide ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean

Context : The bones of the body are the last to pass away after death, next to enamel of teeth. Hence, in establishing the personal identity with respect to sex, age and stature, medico legal experts, anatomists and anthropologists use the skeletal materials for giving their opinion. Sex-dependent differences have been noted in the pelvic bone anatomy, and so differences exist in male and female sacrum. The aim of this study was to collect data regarding morphometric measurements of maximum length and breadth of sacrum and to find out possible variations of sacral index in different individuals in relation to sex. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional, analytical type of study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, on 172 (one hundred seventy two) adult human dry sacra of unknown sex. The study samples were distributed in male and female sex groups by discriminant function analysis. All the samples were studied morphologically. Sacral length and breadth were measured with the help of digital slide calipers. Result : The mean sacral index in male and female were 97.88±6.16 % and 112.69±10.17 % respectively. Female has the greater sacral index than male (P<0.001) Conclusion: Sexing of sacrum, by sacral index method is relevant and significant DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i1.20502 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2013, Vol. 11 No. 1 pp 11-14

scholarly journals A gross morphological study of the pancreas in human cadavers

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 055-060 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sulochana ◽  
T Sivakami
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Head Of The Pancreas ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and aims : Normal variants and congenital anomalies of the pancreas and pancreatic duct are often detected as incidental findings. The current interest in the gross anatomy and the blood supply of the pancreas is based on recent developments in pancreatic surgery, particularly in limited resection of pancreas. The purpose of this study is to review the gross morphology of the pancreas, in South Indians, regarding the dimension and shape of the pancreas, the termination of main pancreatic duct and vascular pattern of head of the pancreas. Materials and methods : One hundred specimens of pancreas, procured from cadavers and autopsy cases from Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, were carefully studied, and the data obtained were compared with similar reports available in the literature. Results: The mean length of the pancreas was found to be 16.38±2.38cm and the mean width of the head, neck, body and tail of pancreas were 5±0.78cm, 3±0.46cm, 3.7±0.56cm and 2.7±0.34cm respectively. Three different shapes of pancreas were found: oblique, inverted 'V' and sigmoid. Double anterior pancreatico duodenal arterial arcade was observed in 2% of specimens. Conclusion : Knowledge of normal anatomy of the pancreas and vascular pattern is essential for understanding the segmental resection of pancreas and in pancreas-sparing duodenectomy.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Axis Vertebra in Subjects of Indian Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasveen Kaur ◽  
Kamaljeet Kaur ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Ajay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Process ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Axis Vertebra ◽  
Graph Paper ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The axis vertebra, exhibits complex and extensive variability in the morphology and there are vital neurovascular structures in its proximity. Knowledge of this variability is important for neurosurgeons, orthopaedicians, otorhynologists and other physicians who in everyday practice are in contact with disorders of the spine and their consequences.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim was to evaluate various morphometric dimensions of axis vertebrae and to compare with the available data.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> 50 dried human axis vertebrae of Indian origin, available in the Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana were studied. Various dimensions were taken with vernier calipers, metric scale and graph paper. The dimensions were measured in millimetres and statistically analysed with paired t-test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean of maximum anteroposterior diameter (max.APD) and maximum transverse diameter (max.TD) of Superior Articular Facet (SAF) was measured as 17.42mm±1.73 and 15.31mm±1.44 on the right side, 17.64mm±1.51 and 15.17mm±1.48 on left side. The mean Distance from Lateral most edge of SAF to Midline was measured as 22.56mm ± 2.37 and 22.40mm ± 2.16 on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean Distance from Tip of Transverse Process to Midline was 26.45mm ± 2.85 on the right and 26.03mm ± 2.64 on the left side. The mean Height of Dens was measured as 13.83mm ± 1.52, mean Width of Dens as 9.57mm ± 0.85. Width of Pedicle was measured as 10.52mm ± 1.99 and 10.61mm ± 1.67on right and left sides, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The knowledge of these dimensions can provide useful information for safe planning of osseous fixation.</p>

scholarly journals Anthropometric Evaluation of Foramen Ovale in Adult Dry Skulls of the Mysuru-based Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 014-016
Author(s):  
Vidya Srikantaiah ◽  
Hemamalini Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomy ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Introduction The greater wing of sphenoid presents various foramina, of which the foramen ovale is one important foramen through which advanced surgical therapeutic and diagnostic procedures related to the middle cranial fossa are performed. Materials and Methods A total of 40 dried adult skulls of unknown gender and age, obtained from the Department of Anatomy of the JSS medical College, Mysuru, Kamakata, India. The length and the width of the foramen ovale were measured using digital sliding calipers (tiny deal 150 mm SS digital caliper with LCD display, Kristeel-Shimwa industries, Bombay, India). Results The mean length of the foramen ovale was 0.745 ± 0.31 cm on the right side (RS), and 0.68 ± 0.15 cm on the left side (LS). The mean width was 0.6 ± 0.17 cm on the RS, and 0.56 ± 0.14 cm on the LS. Conclusion The knowledge of variations in the length and breadth of the foramen ovale is of immense importance in neurosurgery during various invasive surgical procedures, such as percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy, and in the biopsy of cavernous sinus tumors and of Meckel cave lesions.

scholarly journals Branching pattern of tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel - a cadaveric study

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Kalpana Ramadoss ◽  
Komala Nanjundaiah
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Medial Malleolus ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Type I ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Plantar Nerve ◽  
Tarsal Bones ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and aims: Tibial nerve is the larger terminal branch of sciatic nerve, ends by dividing into medial and lateral plantar nerves beneath the flexor retinaculum [Tarsal tunnel]. The level of bifurcation of the tibial nerve is differently quoted in text books and articles. The aim of the present study is to localize the level of bifurcation of tibial nerve. Materials and methods: 50 lower limbs from 25 cadavers available in the Department of anatomy, M.S. Ramaiah medical college and Bangalore medical college were used for the study. A reference line of 1 cm width ‘Medio Malleolar Calcaneal axis’ [MMC axis] made with OHP sheet was placed from tip of the medial malleolus of tibia to the medial tubercle of calcaneus and used as grid to classify the level of bifurcation of tibial nerve into 3 types. Type I, II, III represented the bifurcation proximal to, deep to and distal to this axis respectively. Results: Tibial nerve bifurcation was found to be type I in 92%, type II in 6%, type III in 2% of specimens. Most of the cases [32.6%] bifurcated between 5.1 to 10 mm proximal to MMC axis. The median distance of medial plantar nerve from medial malleolus was 21.28mm on left side and 20.735mm on right side. The mean of lateral plantar nerve from medial tubercle of calcaneus was 29.61mm on left side, and 28.6mm on right side. Conclusion: Detailed anatomical knowledge of tibial nerve prevents the damage to tibial nerve during various surgical procedures like fixation of fractures with external nailing of tarsal bones, medial displacement osteotomies and in tarsal tunnel surgeries.

scholarly journals Assessment of health education on knowledge regarding oral antidiabetic drug adherence in urban area, Bengaluru

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Chethana Ramegowda ◽  
Lakshmi Hulugappa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Drug Adherence ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Health Education Intervention ◽  
The Mean

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high mortality and morbidity. Knowledge regarding the disease is required for the management of drug adherence in diabetes, hence the present study was taken to assess the effectiveness of health education on knowledge regarding oral anti-diabetic drug adherence.Methods: The study was conducted at urban health training centre of a medical college, Bengaluru from October 2015 to July 2016. A total of 70 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were involved in this descriptive and interventional study. The study subjects included only on oral anti-diabetic drugs and willing to give informed consent. A pre-tested semi-structured proforma was administered and information about socio-demographic profile, and impact of health education intervention on knowledge was obtained.Results: Most of the subjects were female (80%), in the age group of 35-45 years (34%), illiterate (40%), unemployed (67%) with class IV (78%) socio-economic status according to Modified Kuppuswamy classification 2014. The mean±SD age was 52.47±11.06 years. Significant improvement in knowledge regarding adherence to oral anti-diabetic medication was found in study subjects following health education intervention.Conclusions: The study revealed that health education regarding the importance of drug adherence is needed in study subjects and there was significant improvement in knowledge after health education.

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