External Ear Features: Role in Tracing Inheritance

Background: The external ear is unique in shape, size and orientation. It has symmetry and asymmetry among generations. Its morphological variation helps to trace genetic inheritance. The objective of this study was to identify this morphological variation among parents and siblings. Methods: The study was conducted in Manipal colleges of medical sciences. Images were procured from 147 families. The morphological character of external ears including, shape of pinnae, concha, tragus, ear lobule and attachment of lobule to cheek were matched among Parents and offspring. Results: This study included 882 pinnae in 147 families. Total 4410 morphological characteristics have been analyzed. Tragus was the most common matching character between parents and offspring Kappa measuring coefficient was statistically significant for shape of pinna, concha, ear lobule, ear lobule attachment to cheek. Conclusions: The most of external ear morphology matches between parents and offspring which may be a helpful tool in tracing hereditary inheritance.

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Evaluation of Morphological Variations of External Ear between the Nepalese and Indian Students of A Medical College

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.3912 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (214) ◽

pp. 936-939

Author(s):

Sarbada Makaju ◽

Sonam Chaudhary ◽

Kanaklata Iyer

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variation ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

External Ear ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Medical College ◽

Round Shape ◽

Flat Shape ◽

And Gender ◽

Indian Students

Introduction: The external ear is made up of the elastic cartilage. It is considered constant from the birth till death. Therefore, it’s morphological variation plays important role in forensic medicine. The objective of this study was to identify this morphological variation among different nationality and the gender.Methods: The study was conducted among 50 Nepali students and 50 Indian students of Manipal College of Medical Sciences. The simple random sampling was done. The morphological variation of external ear including different nature of shape of tragus, anti-tragus, lobe and margin of helix were studied on different gender and nationalities. Results: The highest distribution in shape of tragus was round in Nepali 42 (84%) and Indian 37 (74%). Most of Nepali students had flat 26 (52%) shape of anti-tragus and medium for Indian 25 (50%). The maximum ear attached lobe were found in both Nepali and Indian 27 (54%) respectively. Most of the Indian students had elongated shape of helix 24 (48%) whereas in Nepalese round shape of helix 31 (62%). The male participants had maximum round shape of tragus 42 (76.3%), flat shape of anti-tragus 28 (50.9%), free ear lobe 28 (50.9%) and shape of the margin of helix were round 29 (52.7%). The female participants had maximum round shape of tragus 37 (82.2%), medium shape of anti-tragus 22 (48.8%), attached ear lobe 27 (60%), and round shape of margin of helix 25 (55.56%).Conclusions: The morphology of the external ear varies with each individual. However, it shows it couldn’t differentiate their nationalities and gender.

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Variasi Morfologi Bambu Tali [Gigantochloa apus (Schult.F.) Kurz.] pada berbagai ketinggian tempat di Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai Pelus

Biosfera ◽

10.20884/1.mib.2015.32.1.294 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tria Fauzi Prabandani Hakim ◽

Pudji Widodo ◽

Eming Sudiana

Keyword(s):

Leaf Blade ◽

Morphological Character ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Blade Length ◽

Central Java ◽

Altitudinal Difference ◽

Difference Effect

A study on the morphological variation of tali bamboo [Gigantochloa apus (Schult.f.) Kurz] has been conducted at various altitudes of Sub Watershed Pelus Banyumas, Central Java. This study was aimed at determining the morphological variations in relation to altitudes above sea levels. The method used was survey with stratified sampling. The variables measured included culm diameter, culm internode length, culm sheath length and width, ovate-triangular blade length and width, leaf blade length and width, stem color and hairs, and altitude. The results of this study indicated that the altitudinal difference effect some morphological characteristics of tali bamboos such as: 1) green young seedling with black hairs found at 200-299 m and 300-399 m asl. 2) morphological variations are effected by altitude. Tali bamboo grows optimally at the altitude of 400 to 499 m asl. The results of regression analysis showed that the altitude has a relatively close correlation with somes of morphological character of tali bamboo.

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The external ear morphology and presence of tragi in Australian marsupials

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.6634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 9853-9866

Author(s):

Hayley J. Stannard ◽

Kathryn Dennington ◽

Julie M. Old

Keyword(s):

External Ear ◽

Ear Morphology

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Ear morphology and morphometry as potential forensic tools for identification of the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba populations of Nigeria

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00665-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Samson Taiwo Fakorede ◽

Khalid Olajide Adekoya ◽

Taiwo Peter Fasakin ◽

Joshua Odubambo Odufisan ◽

Bola Oboh

Keyword(s):

Personal Identification ◽

Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽

External Ear ◽

Sex Estimation ◽

Ethnic Populations ◽

Ear Morphology ◽

Left And Right ◽

Morphology And Morphometry ◽

Forensic Tools ◽

The Right

Abstract Background The human external ear is unique in every individual in terms of shape, size and dimension making it suitable in forensic anthropology for sex estimation and personal identification purposes. The study aimed to evaluate sexual dimorphism and ethnic specificity of the external ear in major Nigerian ethnic populations. Results There was variation in the morphological features of the external ear of the sampled subjects. The external ear features vary in the right and left ears in both sexes of the ethnic groups. All variables were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except ear width. Univariate discriminant function gave sex prediction accuracies between 56.4 and 57.3% for left and right ears, respectively. Population-specific sex prediction accuracy using stepwise discriminant analysis of left ear variables ranged 58–69.7% and 57.5–74.2% for right ear. Conclusion The ear parameters showed potential for sex estimation, but cannot be solely relied upon for personal identification.

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Morphological Characteristics of Batuah Red-Fleshed Durian (Durio graveolens), an Endemic Exotic Plant from East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Journal of Tropical Horticulture ◽

10.33089/jthort.v3i1.39 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Odit Ferry Kurniadinata ◽

Song Wenpei ◽

Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Morphological Character ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Exotic Plants ◽

Distribution Center ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Exotic Plant ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Durio Zibethinus

Kalimantan Island is rich in genetic resources and species diversity of Durio spp. plant. The large number of Durio species that grow in Kalimantan illustrates that this area is the most important distribution center for durian relatives. The best-known edible durians are Durian (Durio zibethinus). However, Kalimantan also has various types of Durian that are not yet widely known and have superior potential. One of the unique and exotic plants is the red flesh Durian in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The fruit of this plant is unique because it has red flesh. At present, there is no morphological identification of this East Kalimantan Durio graveolens plant. The study aimed to identify the morphological character of Batuah D. graveolens from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research was carried out by collecting data and information about the morphological characteristics of the plant and fruits. The results of the study successfully identified Batuah D. graveolens from East Kalimantan as a plant diverts from another Durio spp. plant known like D. zibethinus and D. kutejensis especially for red flesh character.

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Fruit as diagnostic characteristic to recognize Brazilian species of Zornia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.219.1.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 219 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Paula Fortuna Perez ◽

Gwilym Peter Lewis ◽

Rubens Teixeira Queiroz ◽

Juliana Santos Silva ◽

Ana Maria Goulart de Azevedo Tozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Character ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Good Source ◽

Brazilian Species ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Article Surface ◽

Geographical Distribution Pattern ◽

Scanning Electron

Articles of the lomentaceous fruits encountered in the thirty-six species of Brazilian Zornia species are described, illustrated and compared using scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy. Macro-and micro-morphological characters of the fruit articles provide excellent diagnostic taxonomic characters (including fruit shape, fruit article surface, presence/absence of glands, presence/absence of bristles, and presence/absence of hairs) to distinguish among the Brazilian taxa. Results generally support the species recognised for Brazil although the micro-morphological characters have limited taxonomic value within some species complexes, in which taxa can be better differentiated using other morphological characteristics. The results of macro-morphological analyses show that the morphology of fruit articles is related to the geographical distribution pattern of each species and is a good source of morphological character to distinguish the species of Zornia. We present here an inedit identification key, based on the loment morphology, to distinguish the Brazilian species of Zornia.

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Morphological variation among hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) populations

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500090196 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Corey V. Ransom ◽

James J. Kells ◽

Loyd M. Wax ◽

Michael S. Orfanedes

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variation ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Degree Days ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Emergence Date

Experiments were conducted to examine morphological variation among hemp dogbane populations. Rootstocks collected from 16 sites throughout Michigan and Illinois were used to establish nurseries in East Lansing, MI, and Champaign, IL. Growth, stem characteristics, and leaf characteristics were measured for each ecotype at both nurseries. Differences among ecotypes were observed for all measurements except emergence date and growing degree days to emergence. The number of shoots per plot produced by the ecotypes ranged from 5 to 54 and shoot height ranged from 69 to 126 cm. Ecotypes spread laterally at different rates, with the most aggressive covering 19 times more ground area than the least aggressive. Total shoot dry weight accumulation varied greatly among ecotypes. Some ecotypes could be identified from others by their unique leaf shape. Shoot number, shoot height, and ground area covered were greater for plants grown in Michigan than in Illinois. Differences in growth and morphological characteristics among ecotypes were not correlated with the geographical region where they were collected. Differences in measurements between the two nurseries illustrate the role of environment and genetics in the growth and morphology of this plant species.

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Morphological variation of Jovibarba heuffelii (Crassulaceae) in the central Balkan Peninsula—The impact of geological, orographical and bioclimatic factors on the differentiation of populations

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.203.3.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 203 (3) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Danijela Nikolić ◽

Jasmina Šinžar-Sekulić ◽

Vladimir Ranđelović ◽

Dmitar Lakušić

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variation ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Secondary Importance ◽

Mahalanobis Distances ◽

Geographical Position ◽

Bioclimatic Conditions ◽

The Impact ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

The aim of this study was to quantify and compare morphological variation between 14 populations of J. heuffelii distributed in Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Macedonia and to correlate their morphological characteristics with the geomorphologic and bioclimatic parameters of their habitats. For these purposes, several multivariate analyses (PCA, CDA, clustering UPGMA analysis based on Mahalanobis distances, MCA, and Spearman’s correlation) of the vegetative and generative plant organs were performed. Analyses showed that apart from the overall morphological variability, which is related to environmental conditions, there are four groups of populations that are morphologically distinct. Although the results clearly indicate the significant influence of environmental factors (elevation, aspect and slope) on the morphology of the species, we found that recent bioclimatic conditions, geological substratum and geographical position are only of secondary importance in the pattern of morphological variation in J. heuffelii in the area investigated.

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Modern aspects of morphology of endometrial cancer and neuroendocrine tumors (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of O.K. Khmelnitsky)

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2021-581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 102 (4) ◽

pp. 581-586

Author(s):

E M Nepomnyashchaya ◽

T I Moiseenko ◽

V S Trifanov

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

100Th Anniversary ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Genetic Classification ◽

Genetic Changes

November 4, 2020, marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Oleg Konstantinovich Khmelnitskiy, an outstanding Russian pathologist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (04.11.192008.02.2004). The creative legacy of O.K. Khmelnitskiy has a large number of works devoted to endometrial cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. Modern concepts of these tumors take a lot from the scientists ideas. The development of the classification of endometrioid carcinomas is determined by new data in molecular genetic research. The most common genetic changes in endometrioid adenocarcinomas involve mutations in the PTEN, KRAS, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and MS1 genes. Serous carcinomas are characterized by TP53 mutations and HER2-neu gene amplification. The immunohistochemical panel allows differentiation of endometrioid and serous carcinomas. There is evidence of the role of the POLE gene mutation. Various advantages of the introduction of molecular genetic classification are presented, which allow changing approaches to the treatment of endometrial cancer depending on the risk of its development. The 2019 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) classification allows interpreting morphological characteristics of these tumors in a new way.

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Morphological diversity and widespread hybridization in the genus Bythotrephes leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda, Onychopoda, Cercopagidae)

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs150505010l ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 67-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Larisa Litvinchuk ◽

Spartak Litvinchuk

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variation ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Allozyme Analysis ◽

Separate Species ◽

Volga River ◽

The Core ◽

Core Body ◽

Northwestern Russia

Morphological variation in the genus Bythotrephes was studied. We analyzed samples from 29 locations through the generic range. Based on the core body length and the total length, as well as several other morphological characters, differences were found that are consistent across five groups of populations previously described as a separate species (B. cederstroemii, B. crassicaudus, B. transcaucasicus, B. brevimanus, and B. longimanus). Individuals with intermediate morphological characteristics were detected where B. cederstroemii, B. brevimanus and B. crassicaudus have geographic overlap. Based on allozyme analysis, hybrids of B. cederstroemii and B. brevimanus were revealed in the zone of contact of these two species in the Volga River drainage and northwestern Russia.

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