scholarly journals Conventional Pap Smear Cytology in a Tertiary Care Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Tika Kumari Gurung ◽  
Shree Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Ayushma Adhikari ◽  
Reecha Shrestha ◽  
Chum Maya Pun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Bethesda System

Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with high mortality. Since it is a preventable cancer, screening for cervical cancer with Papanicolaou test (Pap Test) is considered as the stepping stone in its cure by detecting  at its premalignant state. The two methods of acquiring the sample for cytology are Conventional method and liquid based cytology. Methods:  The Pap test  results of the patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the Gynecologic Department of Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017 were reviewed and analyzed from the medical records. The findings of Pap test results were tabulated and categorized as per Bethesda system of classification (2001). Results:  A total of 2004 Pap tests were taken. All of the patients in the study were married with mean age of 39.7±10.3 years. A total of 1291(64.42%) Pap tests were normal or negative for intraepithelial lesion whereas 578(28.84%) were inflammatory smears while 37(1.85%) were inadequate for evaluation. There was a presence of low grade intraepithelial lesion in 4(0.2%)  and high grade intraepithelial lesion in 15(0.75%). Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) was noted in 11(0.55%) and frank malignancy was noted in 1(0.05%) of total Pap test samples. Conclusion: In a developing country like Nepal, Pap test is still the preferred cervical cancer screening tool. All women should undergo the screening test for cervical cancer with any feasible available test. Key words: Bethesda system; cervical cancer; HPV; Pap Test.

scholarly journals Cervical cytochemistry: a potential adjunct to cytomorphology for detection of abnormal cells in cervical cancer screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1639-1644
Author(s):  
Indrani Krishnappa ◽  
Kalyani R. ◽  
Raja Parthiban ◽  
Abhishek Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background: Pap smear examination has been universally used as an effective screening tool for early detection of cervical carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of Cervical Acid Phosphatase staining as an adjunct to routine Pap smear testing to improvethe sensitivity and specificity of routine Pap smear examination for cervical cancer detection. Materials and Methods: Cervical smears were taken from patients attending the gynecology department and a few cervical cancer screening programmes. One set of slides were alcohol fixed and stained with rapid pap stain and another set of slides were fixed in a special fixative and stained with Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap stain. The nuclear features of these Cervical Acid Phosphatase stained dysplastic cells was studied on Pap stain to diagnose cervical intraepithelial lesion/ malignancy. Results: Out of 489 cases included in the study 6 cases were diagnosed with intraepithelial lesion/ malignancy. On Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap stain 2 of the cases diagnosed as inflammatory smears on pap stain showed Cervical Acid Phosphatase positivity and thus were re evaluated. Mild nuclear atypia was observed in the Cervical Acid Phosphatase positive cells and these cases were diagnosed as Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and later biopsy proven to be Cervical intraepithelial Neoplasia I. Therefore Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap test was 100% sensitive and specific for cervical cancer detection. Conclusions: With 100% sensitivity Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap test satisfies the criteria of an efficient screening test.

scholarly journals Spectrum of cytological patterns in cervical PAP smears in a tertiary care center of Western region of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Pragya Gautam Ghimire ◽  
Durga BC Rawat ◽  
Kavita Sinha ◽  
Kamar Jahan ◽  
Richa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a common health problem in Nepal. There is paucity of data regarding the spectrum of findings in cervical Pap in western Nepal. This study was aimed to study the cytological patterns in cervical Pap smears in patients in a tertiary hospital of Nepal. Methods: This is a prospective, cross sectional, hospital based study. Clinical features of patients who had presented with Pap smear was noted in a structured proforma. Pap smears were studied by a senior pathologist and reported based on revised Bethesda system (2014). Results: Most of the cases belonged to 31-40 years 399 (42.8%). Unsatisfactory/ inadequate sample was present in 133(14.05%) with obscuration due to inflammatory exudate being most common cause. Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy rate was noted in 798 (85.54%) with 477(51.2%) being normal findings. Epithelial cell abnormalities were noted in 116 (14.5 %) smears. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion constituted 321(34.5%), High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion 273(29.3 %) and Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance 153(16.4%) of epithelial cell abnormalities. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 9(1%) of all reviewed smears. There was no statistical significance between the age and abnormalities of Pap smear (p=0.9). Conclusions: Pap smear is pivotal in cervical cancer screening in developing countries. It also identifies various inflammatory, infective, benign and malignant pathologies at the earliest thereby decreasing the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals ThinPrep Pap Test for Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Early Stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Siamak Sabour ◽  
Ommolbanin Abbasnezhad ◽  
Ali Dastranj Tabrizi ◽  
Amir Vahedi ◽  
Elmira Mostafidi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the world’s deadliest forms of cancer and Pap smear is the most popular screening test for diagnosis in early stages. The aim of our study was to assess potential screening rule of ThinPrep Pap test. Methods: In this cross sectional, study Cervical samples were collected from all women who referred to a pathology center for Papanicolaou test and all samples were prepared with ThinPrep process. To assess validity, biopsy was selected as gold standard. 131 women who had ThinPrep Pap test and biopsy were considered for the analysis. The participants were selected purposeful. Three thresholds were used to define test positivity: 1) Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (Asc-us) 2) Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) 3) High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and worse. Inter and intra observer reliability were evaluated using kappa (simple and weighted) as well as Fleiss kappa and validity were assessed by the well-known validity estimates for qualitative variables. Results: Intra observer reliability was moderate for pathologists with low and moderate experience (kappa was 0.44 and 0.46 respectively) and was good for experienced pathologist [kappa (WK) = 0.64]; however, inter observer reliability was poor (Fliess kappa=0.12). For diagnosis of ASCUS and worse, the sensitivity was 96.3% and for diagnosis of HSIL and worse the sensitivity and specificity were 86.6% and 95.1%, respectively.Conclusion: ThinPrep pap is an acceptable screening test for diagnosis of cervical cancer in early stages. However, experience and specialty have effect on reliability’s results.

scholarly journals Study on cervical cancer screening amongst nurses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Srivastava ◽  
Bindiya Gupta ◽  
Vikas Lakha ◽  
Shilpa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at tertiary centre regarding cervical cancer screening. Material and Methods: Validated questionnaire was circulated amongst staff nurses at tertiary care centre after taking informed consent. Results and Discussion: Cancer of cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy in female and it is ranked second to breast cancer. It has a positive association with HPV infection. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially following introduction of screening programmes. This present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at GTB Hospital towards cervical cancer risk factors, sign & symptoms and screening as they are important health professionals. In our study, the results showed that 99% of respondents were aware of Pap smear as screening programme and about 60-70% were aware of HPV as positive organism, but most of them never had a Pap smear done before. Majority of them did not know VIA, VILI and colposcopy as screening techniques. Conclusion: It may thus be recommended that institutions should periodically organize seminars and training for health personnel especially the nurses which form a group of professionals that should give health education to women about cervical cancer.

'Have a Pap smear!' – doctors, their clients, and opportunistic cervical cancer screening

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Chingang ◽  
U Bischof ◽  
G Andall-Brereton ◽  
O Razum
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
High Incidence

In many middle-income countries with a high incidence of cervical cancer, organized screening programmes with the Pap test are being planned. We assessed the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, cervical screening among 63 doctors and 102 randomly selected community members in Trinidad where screening is still opportunistic. Doctors were well informed about cervical cancer, but not all knew the approximate specificity of the Pap test. Many did not routinely discuss the benefits and disadvantages of screening with their clients. Most women had heard of the Pap test, but only 56% knew its purpose; 25% would not participate in screening, stating reasons such as being in menopause or not having symptoms. More information about the aim of screening and the purpose of the Pap test must be communicated. Doctors need to keep their knowledge on screening up-to-date, and offer counselling that helps women to make an informed decision whether or not to participate in screening.

scholarly journals A community based study to determine incidence of cervical cancer and willingness of women to participate in cervical cancer screening program in Navsari, Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3954
Author(s):  
Parth H. Vyas ◽  
Kanchan Dhadwe ◽  
Harsha A. Shah ◽  
Hiral M. Dave ◽  
Ashwin A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Major Health Problem

Background: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a major health problem faced by the Indian women. Regular cervical cytological examination by all sexually active women can prevent the occurrence of carcinoma cervix. Early detection of cervical cancer is possible with Pap smear tests. Methods: Women above 25 years of age, living in study area and want to participate in study were included. Total 2352 women were enrolled in study. House to house visits were conducted in all the village area by using simple random sampling method. Information about cervical cancer was given. Pap test for cervical cancer screening was carried out by gynaecologist. Cytological examination and confirmation was done by pathologists.Results: A total of 3001 women had attended village level IEC session and out that, 2352 (78.4%) women took part in the screening program. Out of these 2352 women, 2007 women (85.3% compliance) had given consent for physical cervical examination and Pap smear. The incidence of cervical cancer was 0.2% on the basis of clinical examination and biopsy.Conclusions: Higher compliance for undergoing vaginal examination and Pap test shows the positive health seeking behaviour of the women but for that, strong IEC and sensitization about the disease must be done to improve the participation. Sensitivity of Pap test was poor and couldn’t find true positive cases.

scholarly journals A study on cervical cancer screening using pap smear in urban area in state of Meghalaya, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3113
Author(s):  
Priti Mishra ◽  
Ragini Thapa ◽  
Arvind Kumar Dinkar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Preinvasive Lesion

Background: Cancer cervix is fourth most common cancer in world second most common in India. The objective of the study is to identify abnormal pap smear cytology in women undergoing the test.Methods: This retrospective study conducted in 200 women attending gynae OPD of Military Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya, India between January 2016 to December 2017. Pap smear test was done, and classification was done as per Bethesda system 2014.Results: 105 women had normal cytology findings and 23 had abnormal cytology.Conclusions: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer for which screening is done. If pap smear is done every 3 years as per the guidelines mortality due to cervical cancer can be reduced. Every woman should undergo pap test at least once in her life before the age of 45 years. Timely screening of preinvasive lesion allows prevention from invasive cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and Clinical Characteristic of Women Availing Pap Smear Services in Samtse District, Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Thinley Dorji ◽  
Hari Prasad Pokhrel ◽  
Tshokey Tshokey
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: The case burden of cervical cancer has been increasing globally especially in developing countries without proper health system. Cervical cancer can be eliminated with timely vaccination and screening program as it usually takes years for pre-malignant lesions to develop into malignant lesion. Bhutan has committed to eliminate cervical cancer. Thus, it is important to understand the factors associated with abnormal Pap test findings. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted using the Pap smear data for the year 2018. It was extracted from the records maintained in the cytology unit of Samtse General Hospital. Result: The abnormal slide rate in this study was 2.5%. The majority of women seeking Pap smear services were women in reproductive age group and housewife by occupation. There were significant differences between age groups and marital status among normal in the Pap test results. Conclusion: The slide abnormality of Pap smear in Samtse District is low. The abnormality is more common among married and older women. Therefore, additional screening efforts needs to be put into this group to detect pre-malignant lesions.

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