scholarly journals Comparison of EuroSCORE II with EuroSCORE in Cardiac Surgical Patients in a Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Bishwas Pradhan ◽  
Priska Bastola ◽  
Madindra B Basnet ◽  
Bibhush Shrestha ◽  
Shailendra Sigdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation

Introduction European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) is the standard tool for risk stratification of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Its relevance has been validated in European, Asian countries and also in Nepal. Its limitations led to development of EuroSCORE II. This study was carried out to compare EuroSCORE II with EuroSCORE in Nepalese cardiac surgical patients. MethodsA retrospective analytical cohort study of 3 years duration in 972 adult cardiac surgeries was conducted. Scores obtained from EuroSCORE (Logistic and Additive) and EuroSCORE II was compared with the observed mortality. Calibration was calculated by Hosmer- Lemeshow (H-L) test (Chi Square test) and discrimination by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. ResultsObserved mortality was 4.11%. EuroSCORE additive, logistic and EuroSCORE II predicted mortality were 4.32%, 4.55% and 2.13% respectively. H-L chi square calculation for EuroSCORE additive model could not hold as all observed and expected frequencies match exactly. Hence it can be considered as a good fit. EuroSCORE logistic model (H-L, Chi-square 7.743, p<0.001) and EuroSCORE II (H-L, Chi-square 11.631, p = 0.168) also showed good fit i.e. both can predict mortality satisfactorily. AUC of ROC curve of EuroSCORE additive, logistic and EuroSCORE II were 0.632, 0.636 and 0.616 respectively, which showed fair discrimination power. ConclusionMortality prediction of adult cardiac surgical patients by EuroSCORE (additive and logistic) and EuroSCORE II was satisfactory.

Sperm-Associated Antigen 9 Assumes Signifying Capacity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Dai ◽  
Ke-Qing Yao ◽  
Xing-Sheng Hu ◽  
Yi-Qun Li ◽  
Yu-Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been proposed as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of human tumors. This study was aimed to assess the clinical value of serum SPAG9 for HCC diagnosis.Methods: Serum SPAG9 was measured by quantitative real-time ploymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between serum SPAG9 mRNA level and clinical characteristics. The diagnostic accuracy of the serum SPAG9 mRNA was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: Serum SPAG9 level was significantly higher in HCC patients than that in healthy controls at both mRNA and protein levels (P<0.01 for all). Furthermore, serum SPAG9 mRNA level was positively correlated with TNM stage (P=0.047), tumor size (P=0.044), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.014). The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.794, with a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 80.4%, suggesting the high diagnostic accuracy of serum SPAG9 mRNA for HCC. The cutoff value was 1.030.Conclusions: Serum SPAG9 is significantly increased in HCC, and positively correlated with aggressive clinical characteristics. SPAG9 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for HCC.

scholarly journals Urine MACC1 Plays an Indicative Role in Diagnosing Bladder Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zi ◽  
Wen-Lin Tao ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Zhao-Hua Yu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Present study aimed to estimate the diagnostic efficacy of urine Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) for bladder cancer patients.Methods: Urine MACC1 expression was measured in bladder cancer patients and controls via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Chi-square test was used to assess the correlation of urine MACC1 levels with clinicopathological features of the patients. The diagnostic performance of urine MACC1 was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results: Urine MACC1 was obviously elevated in bladder cancer patients compared with controls (P<0.001). What’s more, abnormal urine MACC1 expression was significantly correlated with differentiation (P=0.013), tumor stage (P=0.023), lymph node metastasis (P=0.033) and distant metastasis (P=0.026). Furthermore, according to ROC analysis, urine MACC1 could distinguish bladder cancer patients from controls with an AUC (the areas under the ROC curve) of 0.909. The cut-off value of urine MACC1 for bladder cancer diagnosis was 1.275, with 79.8% specificity and 87.3% sensitivity.Conclusion: Urine MACC1 may be act as a biomarkers for diagnosis of bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Per1 has the capacity to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma patient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yanni Li ◽  
Yanfang Zheng ◽  
Huoming Chen ◽  
Xiaolong Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Positive Lymph Node ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Tumorigenesis And Progression ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Period 1 (Per1) had been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of Per1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of serum Per1 in CCA patients. Methods Serum levels of Per1 in CCA patients and healthy individuals were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between Per1 expression and clinical characteristics of patients. The diagnostic value of Per1 in CCA was estimated by establishing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Serum Per1 level was significantly down-regulated in CCA patients compared to that in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, the decreased expression of Per1 was closely associated with poor histological differentiation (P = 0.040), advanced TNM stage (P = 0.035) and positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007). ROC curve indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.863 with a sensitivity of 88.1% and a specificity of 72.1%, revealing the high diagnostic value of serum Per1 in CCA. Conclusions Per1 is down-regulated in CCA and negatively correlated with tumor progression. Serum Per1 may be a potential biomarker for early screening of CCA.

scholarly journals HTATIP2 Represents an Innovative Bio-marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Zhang ◽  
Xianjun Zhang ◽  
Xinguo Li ◽  
Hongbing Bao ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Venous Invasion ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: This study was designed to investigate the serum level of HIV-1 Tat interactive protein 2 (HTATIP2) mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and its diagnostic significance in the disease.Methods: The serum HTATIP2 mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between HTATIP2 expression and clinical parameters was analyzed using Chi-square test. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was adopted to estimate the diagnostic role of serum HTATIP2 in HCC.Results: HCC patients showed a significantly lower serum level of HTATIP2 than the healthy control (P<0.001). The level of HTATIP2 was closely associated with venous invasion (P=0.011), lymph node metastasis (P=0.007) and TNM stage (P=0.016). ROC curve demonstrated that HTATIP2 could discriminate between HCC patients and healthy individuals at the optimal cutoff point of 2.39. Besides, the AUC was 0.892, with the corresponding sensitivity and specificity of 83.90% and 84.37%, respectively. Conclusions: HTATIP2 is negatively expressed in HCC and may be a diagnostic biomarker for this disease.

scholarly journals The usefulness of a trauma probability of survival model for forensic life-threatening danger assessments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lykke Schrøder Jakobsen ◽  
Niels Lynnerup ◽  
Jacob Steinmetz ◽  
Jytte Banner
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Trauma Score ◽  
Medical Examinations

AbstractClinical forensic medical examinations constitute an increasing proportion of our institution’s tasks, and, concomitantly, the authorities are now requesting forensic life-threatening danger assessments based on our examinations. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess if a probability of survival (PS) trauma score could be useful for these forensic life-threatening danger assessments and to identify a cut-off PS score as a supporting tool for the forensic practice of assessing life-threatening danger. We compared a forensic database and a trauma database and identified 161 individuals (aged 15 years or older) who had both a forensic life-threatening danger assessment and a PS score. The life-threatening danger assessments comprised the following statements: was not in life-threatening danger (NLD); could have been in life-threatening danger (CLD); or was in life-threatening danger (LD). The inclusion period was 2012–2016. A statistically significant difference was found in the PS scores between NLD, CLD and LD (chi-square test: p < 0.0001). The usefulness of the PS score for categorizing life-threatening danger assessments was determined by a receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the curve was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.84) and the ROC curve revealed that a cut-off PS score of 95.8 would appropriately identify LD. Therefore, a PS score below 95.8 would indicate life-threatening danger. We propose a further exploration of how the evidence-based PS score, including a cut-off value, might be implemented in clinical forensic medical statements to add to the scientific strength of these statements.

Performance of Abbreviated Protocols Versus Unenhanced MRI in Detecting Occult Breast Lesions of Mammography in Patients with Dense Breasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhong Zhao ◽  
Peipei Chen ◽  
Guangrui Shao ◽  
Baijie Li ◽  
Huikun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Time ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dense Breast Tissue ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Objective: To assess the diagnostic ability of abbreviated protocols of MRI (AP-MRI) compared with unenhanced MRI (UE-MRI) in mammographically occult cancers in patients with dense breast tissue.Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis consisted of 102 patients without positive findings on mammography who received preoperative MRI full diagnostic protocols (FDP) between January 2015 and December 2018. Two breast radiologists read the UE, AP, and FDP. The interpretation times were recorded. The comparisons of the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of each MRI protocol, and the sensitivity of these protocols in each subgroup of different size tumors used the Chi-square test. The paired sample t-test was used for evaluating the difference of reading time of the three protocols.Results: Among 102 women, there were 68 cancers and two benign lesions in 64 patients and 38 patients had benign or negative findings. Both readers found the sensitivity and specificity of AP and UE-MRI were similar (p>0.05), whereas compared with FDP, UE had lower sensitivity (Reader 1/Reader 2: p=0.023, 0.004). For different lesion size groups, one of the readers found that AP and FDP had higher sensitivities than UE-MRI for detecting the lesions ≤10 mm in diameter (p=0.041, p=0.023). Compared with FDP, the average reading time of UE-MRI and AP was remarkably reduced (p < 0.001).Conclusion: AP-MRI had more advantages than UE-MRI to detect mammographically occult cancers, especially for breast tumors ≤10 mm in diameter.

scholarly journals Serum CYR61 As A Potential Biomarker for The Diagnosis of Esophagogastric Junction Tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Chu ◽  
Jian-Yuan Zhou ◽  
Yi-Xuan Zhao ◽  
Yan-Ting Ou ◽  
Tian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Controls

Background：Esophagogastric junction tumor (EGJ) is a rare but fatal disease with a rapid rising incidence worldwide in the late 20 years, and it lacks a convenient and safe method for diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of serum CYR61 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of EGJ tumor. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to estimate CYR61 levels in sera of 152 EGJ tumor patients and 137 normal controls. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. The Mann–Whitney’s U test was used to compare the difference of serum levels of CYR61 between groups. And chi-square tests were employed to estimate the correlation of the positive rate of serum CYR61 between/among subgroups. Results: Serum CYR61 levels were statistically lower in EGJ tumor and early-stage EGJ tumor patients than those in normal controls (P&lt;0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) of this biomarker in EGJ tumor were 88.2%, 43.8% and 0.691, respectively, and those for early stage of EGJ tumor were 80.0%, 66.4% and 0.722, respectively. Analyses showed that there was no correlation between the clinical data and the levels of CYR61 (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that CYR61 might be a potential biomarker to assist the diagnosis of EGJ tumor.

Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 expression is associated with the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Zhang ◽  
Xianjun Zhang ◽  
Xinguo Li ◽  
Hongbing Bao ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tumor Biomarker ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Benign Liver

Abstract Background: The pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1)) has been reported to be overexpressed in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). However, its expression and clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been investigated.Methods: PLAG1 protein levels in HCC serum and benign liver diseases (BLD) controls were measured by Western Blot, and α-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relevance of PLAG1expression with the clinicopathological factors was assessed by Chi-square test. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to investigate the values of the markers in diagnosis of HCC.Results: Serum PLAG1 protein level was significantly elevated in HCC group compared to that in controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, a significant association was found between PLAG1 expression and clinical factors, such as tumor size (P=0.000), differentiation (P=0.014) and metastasis (P=0.001). ROC analysis showed that PLAG1 could distinguish HCC patients from BLD controls with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.852 (95 % CI: 0.782-0.922; 78.8% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity; P<0.001), which had significantly superior discriminative ability than AFP (AUC=0.694, 67.3% sensitivity and 62.1 % specificity) or the combination of PLAG1 and AFP (AUC=0.706, 69.2% sensitivity and 63.6 % specificity).Conclusions: This study suggested that serum PLAG1 might be a potential noninvasive tumor biomarker in the diagnosis of HCC.

Measurement of Whole Blood Platelet Aggregation by Multiplate® Aggregometry Before and during Aspirin Treatment.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3895-3895
Author(s):  
Susanne B. Pedersen ◽  
Steen D. Kristensen ◽  
Anne-Mette Hvas
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Normal Platelet

Abstract The inhibition of platelet aggregation by aspirin (ASA) is fundamental in treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Several studies report findings of normal platelet aggregation despite ASA treatment in some individuals, referred to as ASA resistance (AR). It has been hypothesized that AR increases the risk of a future ischemic event. We evaluated a new impedance method for measurement of platelet aggregation, Multiplate® aggregometry (MA), and compared this method to light aggregometry ad modum Born (OPA), with reference to repeatability and detection of AR. Blood samples from 43 IHD patients and 21 healthy individuals treated with ASA 75 mg daily were analyzed in duplicate by MA and OPA on 4 consecutive days. An additional blood sample was obtained prior to ASA treatment in the group of healthy individuals. Compliance was confirmed by measurements of thromboxane B2 in serum. MA was performed with arachidonic acid (AA) in concentrations of 0.25 mM, 0.50 mM and 0.75 mM, and with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in concentrations of 7.5 μM and 15 μM. OPA was performed with AA-concentrations of 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM and 1.5 mM, and with ADP-concentrations of 5 μM and 10 μM. Table 1. Area under the curve (AUC) measured by MA in patients and in healthy individuals before and during ASA treatment. Agonist AUC, aggregation units · min Healthy Before ASA HealthyDuring ASA PatientsDuring ASA Median Range Median Range Median Range AA, mM 0.25 520 402–999 38 12–83 41 8–110 0.50 574 461–976 51 20–112 56 17–187 0.75 551 434–889 68 21–333 98 18–418 ADP, μM 7.5 474 272–859 422 195–816 472 126–720 15 503 328–922 479 262–995 525 172–834 In healthy individuals, the AA-induced AUC was reduced significantly by ASA at all concentrations (88–93%, p=0.0001). The reduction of AUC was small and insignificant when using ADP (5–11%, p≥0.06). There was a trend towards a higher median AUC measured in patients than in healthy individuals during ASA (p=0.07). Table 2. Coefficients of variation (CV) of double measurements determined by MA and OPA in healthy individuals prior to ASA treatment and during ASA treatment. AA, mM MA AA, mM OPA CVBefore ASA, % CVDuring ASA, % CVBefore ASA, % CVDuring ASA, % 0.25 8 46 0.5 48 25 0.50 10 40 1.0 5 20 0.75 12 41 1.5 5 21 The CV of OPA was generally lower. The reference method was OPA with AA 1.0 mM and AR was defined as a residual platelet aggregation ≥ 20%. According to this definition 7 participants (16%) had AR. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed a sensitivity of MA using AA 0.75 mM of 100% at an AUC cut-point of 94 aggregation units (AU) · min, 71% at 135 AU · min and 29% at 212 AU · min. The specificity was 60, 81 and 93%, respectively. The area under the ROC-curve was 0.79 (95% CI 0.66–0.92). In conclusion, the large ASA-induced reduction in AUC of healthy individuals indicated that MA measures the effect of ASA efficiently when using AA. ADP seems less suitable, as the AUC was only slightly reduced by ASA. The CV of MA was high during ASA treatment, indicating that platelet aggregation during ASA was low and difficult to measure precisely with MA. The area under the ROC-curve was moderately satisfying, but of uncertain correctness due to the rather small number of observations.

scholarly journals MiR-106B Represents an Innovative Bio-marker in Cholangiocarcinoma Detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yanni Li ◽  
Yanfang Zheng ◽  
Huoming Chen ◽  
Xiaolong Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Late diagnosis may be responsible for the high mortality. MicroRNA-106b (MiR-106b) is accepted as an important regulator in various human malignancies. The current study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of miR-106b in CCA. Methods Serum levels of miR-106b in CCA patients and healthy control were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was used to analyze the association of miR-106b with the clinicopathological features. To evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-106b in CCA, the ROC curve was constructed. Results The expression of miR-106b was significantly increased in CCA samples compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.001). The overexpression of miR-106b was remarkable correlated with the lymphatic node metastasis (P = 0.038), clinical stage (P = 0.017) and differentiation (P = 0.009). ROC curve suggested that miR-106b was an effective diagnostic biomarker in CCA with the AUC of 0.913. The optimal cutoff value was 2.525, with the sensitivity of 89.7% and the specificity of 79.3%. Conclusions MiR-106b functions as an oncogene in CCA, which may be an potential diagnostic biomarker for CCA.

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