scholarly journals Low cost Passive Monitoring of Nitrogen dioxide and Sulphur dioxide in ambient air

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Byanju ◽  
M. B. Gewali ◽  
K. Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Passive Monitoring ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Resource Limited

Standard nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) monitoring techniques require expensive instrumentation which is not easily adapted for large scale monitoring by resource limited countries. This paper presents the use of locally available relatively cheaper polyethylene tubes to be developed as passive diffusive sampler and use for monitoring of ambient nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide using Triethanolamine (TEA) as absorbent. After extraction with double distilled water, modified Griese-Saltzmann method and West-Gaeke method were used for analysis of nitrite and sulphate adduct formed due to reaction of NO2 and SO2 respectively with TEA using spectrophotometer. The results are successfully compared with other standard methods. The detection limits and precision of the method as expressed as Coefficient of variation are good enough for monitoring of NO2 and SO2 in ambient air.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6439 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 34-45Uploaded date: 16 July, 2012

scholarly journals Low cost passive monitoring of sulphur dioxide in ambient air: An effort from developing world

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Rejina Maskey-Byanju ◽  
M. B. Gewali ◽  
K. Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Passive Monitoring ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Resource Limited

Standard sulphur dioxide (SO2) monitoring techniques require expensive instrumentation which is not easily adapted for large scale monitoring by resource limited countries. This paper presents the use of locally available relatively cheaper polyethylene tubes to be developed as passive diffusive sampler and use for monitoring of ambient sulphur dioxide using Tri-ethanolamine (TEA) as absorbent. After extraction with double distilled water, modified West-Gaeke method was used for analysis of sulphate adduct formed due to reaction of SO2 with TEA using spectrophotometer. The results are successfully compared with other standard methods. The detection limits and precision of the method as expressed as coefficient of variation are good for monitoring of SO2 in ambient air.

Day-to-day variations in paddy-residue burning and residential heating emissions control aerosol pollution peaks in rural north-west India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Pawar ◽  
Baerbel Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
North West ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Residential Heating

<p>November onwards, the poor air quality over north-west India is blamed on the large-scale paddy residue burning in Punjab and Haryana. However, the emission strength of this source remains poorly constrained due to the lack of ground-based measurements within the rural source regions. In this study, we report the particulate matter (PM) levels at Nadampur, a rural site in the Sangrur district of Punjab that witnesses rampant paddy residue burning, using the Airveda low-cost PM sensors from October to December 2019. The raw PM measurements from the sensor were corrected using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The daily average PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentration at Nadampur correlated well  (r > 0.7) with the daily sum of VIIRS fire counts. Agricultural activities, including paddy residue burning and harvesting operations, contributed less than 40% to the overall PM loading, even in the peak burning period at Nadampur. We show that the increased residential heating emissions in the winter season have a profound and currently neglected impact on ambient air quality. A dip in the daily average temperature by 1 ºC increased the daily emission of PM<sub>10</sub> by 6.3 tonnes and that of PM<sub>2.5</sub> by 5.8 tonnes. Overall, paddy harvest, local and regional paddy residue burning, residential heating emissions, ventilation, and wet scavenging could explain 79% of the variations in PM<sub>10</sub> and 85% of the variations in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Day to day variations in PM emissions from residential heating in response to the ambient temperature must be incorporated into emission inventories and models for accurate air quality forecasts.</p>

scholarly journals Microfluidic system for screening disease based on physical properties of blood

Bioimpacts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Siddharth Singh Yadav ◽  
Basant Singh Sikarwar ◽  
Priya Ranjan ◽  
Rajiv Janardhanan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
One Health ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Automated Classifier

Introduction: A key feature of the 'One Health' concept pertains to the design of novel point of care systems for largescale screening of health of the population residing in resource-limited areas of low- and middle-income countries with a view to obtaining data at a community level as a rationale to achieve better public health outcomes. The physical properties of blood are different for different samples. Our study involved the development of an innovative system architecture based upon the physical properties of blood using automated classifiers to enable large-scale screening of the health of the population living in resource-limited settings. Methods: The proposed system consisted of a simple, robust and low-cost sensor with capabilities to sense and measure even the minute changes in the physical properties of blood samples. In this system, the viscosity of blood was derived from a power-law model coupled with the Rabinowitsch-Mooney correction for non-Newtonian shear rates developed in a steady laminar Poiseuille flow. Surface tension was measured by solving the Young-Laplace equation for pendant drop shape hanging on a vertical needle. An anticipated outcome of this study would be the development of a novel automated classifier based upon the rheological attributes of blood. This automated classifier would have potential application in evaluating the health status of a population at regional and global levels. Results: The proposed system was used to measure the physical properties of various samples like normal, tuberculous and anemic blood samples. The results showed that the physical properties of these samples were different as compared to normal blood samples. The major advantage of this system was low-cost, as well as its simplicity and portability. Conclusion: In this work, we proposed making a case for the validation of a low-cost version of a microfluidic system capable of scanning large populations for a variety of diseases as per the WHO mandate of "One Health".

scholarly journals Gas-mediated liquid metal printing toward large-scale 2D semiconductors and ultraviolet photodetector

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Ju Lin ◽  
Tian-Ying Liu ◽  
Xi-Yu Zhu ◽  
Wen-Hao Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Ultraviolet Photodetector ◽  
Metal Printing ◽  
2D Semiconductors

AbstractA gas-mediated fabrication of centimeter-scale two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and ultraviolet photodetector by a liquid metal-based printing was reported. Various large-scale 2D materials (Ga2O3, In2O3, SnO) were demonstrated to be directly printed at ambient air on different substrates. Such printing represents a generic, fast, clean, and scalable technique to quickly manufacture 2D semiconductors. The electrical properties were explored to quantify the printed 2D films, which were somewhat deficient in previous studies. In particular, to explore and facilitate the advantages of this 2D semiconductor in functional electronic applications, strategies for realizing fully printed Ga2O3/Si heterojunction photodetector via low-temperature and low-cost processes were developed. The device exhibits excellent sensibility and rapid photoresponse times. This work offers feasible way to develop high-performance ultraviolet photodetector for mass production. It also suggests a promising direction for making large-scale 2D photoelectronic and electronic systems and is expected to be extensively useful in the coming time.

A multipronged evidence-based approach to implement mHealth for underserved HIV-infected populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Krishnan ◽  
Claire Cravero
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Sex With Men

Mobile technology shows great promise in resource-limited settings due to its low cost and pervasive nature. Early evidence-based studies have shown robust support for mHealth interventions implemented among people living with HIV (PLWH); however, this type of inquiry is lacking amongst the most vulnerable groups of PLWH such as men who have sex with men (MSM), prisoners, and those facing substance use disorders (SUDS) and structural instabilities. These populations face barriers more profound than the general PLWH population including social stigma and discrimination. In response to the lack of rigorous evaluation of mHealth implementation and the tremendous potential for mHealth tools in underserved PLWH, we propose a 3-pronged approach in rooting mHealth tools using evidence-based methodology—(a) assessing mHealth feasibility and accessibility through descriptive studies, (b) conducting pilot projects testing mHealth tools, and (c) integrating mHealth tools into existing large-scale studies. The set of research steps proffered here aims to build a solid body of evidence on mHealth interventions among underserved populations and the health conditions that disproportionately affect them.

International comparison programme of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide measurement in ambient air

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lahmann ◽  
B. Seifert ◽  
H. van de Wiel ◽  
C. Huygen ◽  
R.W. Lanting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Air

Development of a passive sampling technique for the determination of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide in ambient air

1997 ◽  
Vol 346 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. De Santis ◽  
I. Allegrini ◽  
M.C. Fazio ◽  
D. Pasella ◽  
R. Piredda
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ambient Air

scholarly journals Use of air dispersion modelling to determine the impact of gas emissions from coal-fired boilers in South African Durban basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phumulani Mkhize
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

The use of fossil fuel due to industrialisation has increased over time and resulted to atmospheric pollution. Industrial facilities utilise fossil fuel as a boiler fuel, pollutants like Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide are generated from the combustion process. Air pollution has been and continues to be a significant health hazard over the world. Exposure to air pollution is an issue of concern due to human health and the environment. Considering that air pollution is associated with a series of adverse health effects, it is important to predict emissions from boiler stack. The purpose of this study was to analyse the distribution of atmospheric emissions emanating from boilers in the South Durban Industrial Basin. Three boilers i.e. boilers 1, 3 and 4 were considered during this research. The study focuses on the distribution of Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide concentration emitted from coal fired boilers using Gaussian Dispersion Modelling. In this research, AERMOD, which is the dispersion modelling program approved by the US EPA, was used. The results of these modelling scenario were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The results depicted that the concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions from coal fired boilers were below the national ambient air quality standard, whereas the concentration of Particulate Matter emission in the vicinity of the receiving environment exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Nitrogen Oxide was released at 7.91 g/s whereas sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released at 40.86 and 18.35 g/s respectively. However, the temperatures at which these gases were released were all the same (450.20 K). Boilers 3 and 4 shared a stack i.e. emission emanating from both boilers are emitted through a single point source. The stack diameters for boilers 3 and 4 (0.8 m and 1.2 m respectively) were lower than that of boiler 1 (2.6 m). Similarly, boilers 3 and 4 had less stack heights (27.5 m and 30.5 m respectively) in comparison with boiler 1 (47.5 m). For boiler 3, the rates at which nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released were 2.26, 0.12 and 3.84 g/s respectively. On the hand, for boiler 4, nitrogen oxide was released at 14.5 g/s whereas sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released at 5.54 and 26.23 g/s respectively. The exit velocities for boilers 1, 3 and 4 were 12.2, 7.1 and 17.5 m/s respectively. These velocities were achieved at temperatures of 450.2, 320 and 504 K respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document