scholarly journals Formal Email Writing Convention: Differences Between Native and Non-native Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Shama- E- Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Native Students ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Positive Impacts

The use of emails in student-faculty communication is a regulated process. The regulations are formulated in order to ensure that the correspondences are in line with the institutional requirements and to maintain professionalism. There is limited information about such regulations amongst native students (NS) and non-native students (NNS) regarding formal email writing conventions. This study examines the formal email writing conventions of NNS under a regulated environment. A purposive non-probability sampling of 10 non-native students from a British university was collected. The findings indicate that language prowess, request letter acts, and use of formality have positive impacts on the formal email writing among NNS students. It can be concluded from the above findings that teachers of ESL should pay attention to how students formulate the structure and content of emails as they directly impact their writing capability.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Service Quality, Service Convenience, dan Perceived Price and Fairness terhadap Loyalitas Nasabah Bank dengan Kepuasan Nasabah sebagai Variabel Mediasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Fincent Sutanto ◽  
Keni Keni
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quality Service ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Service Convenience ◽  
Perceived Price ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Positive Impacts

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of service quality, service convenience and perceived price and fairness on banking customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as the mediating at the bank . The method to sample the bank’s customers was by using non-probability sampling method with convenience sampling technique. The instruments to collect the data was by distributing questionnaires to 244 respondents of bank’s in Jakarta. Method to analysed the data was by using PLS-SEM. The result of the research reveal that service quality and perceived price and fairness have positive impacts on customer loyalty, while service convenience has no effect on customer loyalty. This research also found that service convenience and perceived price and fairness have positive impacts on customer satisfaction, while service quality has no effect on customer satisfaction. Moreover, customer satisfaction acts as mediating variable between service convenience. The finding suggest bank should maintain and enhance for service quality and perceived price and fairness to encourage customers decision to repurchase or remain a customer. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas layanan, kenyamanan layanan dan kelayakan harga yang dirasakan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan dengan kepuasan nasabah sebagai variabel mediasi terhadap nasabah bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode non-probability sampling dengan teknik convenience sampling. Penulis mengumpulkan 244 responden untuk penelitian ini dari nasabah bank swasta di Jakarta yang sebagian besar adalah karyawan umum. Respons dianalisis menggunakan PLS-SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas layanan dan persepsi harga dan keadilan memiliki dampak positif terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, kenyamanan layanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa kenyamanan layanan dan persepsi harga dan keadilan memiliki dampak positif pada kepuasan pelanggan dan kualitas layanan tidak berpengaruh pada kepuasan pelanggan. Selain itu, kepuasan pelanggan bertindak sebagai variabel perantara antara kenyamanan layanan. Temuan ini menyarankan bank harus menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas layanan serta harga dan keadilan yang dirasakan untuk mendorong keputusan pelanggan untuk membeli kembali atau tetap menjadi pelanggan.

Ultrastructural Changes in Tumor Cells During Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
K. E. Muse ◽  
D. G. Fischer ◽  
H. S. Koren
Keyword(s):  
Target Cell ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Tumoricidal Activity ◽  
Activated State

Mononuclear phagocytes, a pluripotential cell line, manifest an array of basic extracellular functions. Among these physiological regulatory functions is the expression of spontaneous cytolytic potential against tumor cell targets.The limited observations on human cells, almost exclusively blood monocytes, initially reported limited or a lack of tumoricidal activity in the absence of antibody. More recently, freshly obtained monocytes have been reported to spontaneously impair the biability of tumor target cells in vitro (Harowitz et al., 1979; Montavani et al., 1979; Hammerstrom, 1979). Although the mechanism by which effector cells express cytotoxicity is poorly understood, discrete steps can be distinguished in the process of cell mediated cytotoxicity: recognition and binding of effector to target cells,a lethal-hit stage, and subsequent lysis of the target cell. Other important parameters in monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity include, activated state of the monocyte, effector cell concentrations, and target cell suseptibility. However, limited information is available with regard to the ultrastructural changes accompanying monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.

SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

Analysis of photographic emulsions for High-Voltage Electron Microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 452-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Kremer ◽  
Paul S. Furcinitti ◽  
Eileen O’Toole ◽  
J. Richard McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Voltage Electron

Characteristics of electron microscope film emulsions, such as the speed, the modulation transfer function, and the exposure dependence of the noise power spectrum, have been studied for electron energies (80-100keV) used in conventional transmission microscopy. However, limited information is available for electron energies in the intermediate to high voltage range, 300-1000keV. Furthermore, emulsion characteristics, such as optical density versus exposure, for new or improved emulsions are usually only quoted by film manufacturers for 80keV electrons. The need for further film emulsion studies at higher voltages becomes apparent when searching for a film to record low dose images of radiation sensitive biological specimens in the frozen hydrated state. Here, we report the optical density, speed and relative resolution of a few of the more popular electron microscope films after exposure to 1MeV electrons.Three electron microscope films, Kodak S0-163, Kodak 4489, and Agfa Scientia 23D56 were tested with a JEOLJEM-1000 electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 1000keV.

Histochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Digestive Epithelium in a Gastropod Gametolytic Organ

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R. L. Reeder ◽  
S. H. Rogers ◽  
W. A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies

Numerous morphological studies have dealt with the spermatheca of pulmonate gastropods. This globular organ, which is attached to the female portion of the reproductive tract by a long duct in these monoecious animals, has had various functions ascribed to it. Recent histochemical demonstrations of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, protease, and acid phosphatase have provided, however, conclusive evidence that it is a digestive organ for the degradation of superfluous sperm and genital tract secretions. Only limited information concerning the spermatheca is available at the ultrastructural level, a fact providing the stimulus for the present study of this organ in Sonorella santaritana, a desert mountain snail from Arizona.

Efficacy of Adding Folic Acid to Foods

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Fajardo ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Staple Foods

In the past, food fortification along with nutritional education and the decrease in food costs relative to income have proven successful in eliminating common nutritional deficiencies. These deficiencies such as goiter, rickets, beriberi, and pellagra have been replaced with an entirely new set of “emergent deficiencies” that were not previously considered a problem [e.g., folate and neural tube defects (NTDs)]. In addition, the different nutrition surveys in so-called affluent countries have identified “shortfalls” of nutrients specific to various age groups and/or physiological status. Complex, multiple-etiology diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and obesity have emerged. Food fortification has proven an effective tool for tackling nutritional deficiencies in populations; but today a more reasonable approach is to use food fortification as a means to support but not replace dietary improvement strategies (i. e. nutritional education campaigns). Folic acid (FA) is a potential relevant factor in the prevention of a number of pathologies. The evidence linking FA to NTD prevention led to the introduction of public health strategies to increase folate intakes: pharmacological supplementation, mandatory or voluntary fortification of staple foods with FA, and the advice to increase the intake of folate-rich foods. It is quite contradictory to observe that, regardless of these findings, there is only limited information on food folate and FA content. Data in Food Composition Tables and Databases are scarce or incomplete. Fortification of staple foods with FA has added difficulty to this task. Globally, the decision to fortify products is left up to individual food manufacturers. Voluntary fortification is a common practice in many countries. Therefore, the “worldwide map of vitamin fortification” may be analyzed. It is important to examine if fortification today really answers to vitamin requirements at different ages and/or physiological states. The real impact of vitamin fortification on some key biomarkers is also discussed. An important question also to be addressed: how much is too much? It is becoming more evident that chronic excessive intakes may be harmful and a wide margin of safety seems to be a mandatory practice in dietary recommendations. Finally, the “risk/benefit” dilemma is also considered in the “new” FA-fortified world.

Vascular trauma of the hand – a systematic review

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Wahl ◽  
Ingmar Kaden ◽  
Andreas Köhler ◽  
Tobias Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Vascular Trauma ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Critical Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Provocation Tests ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Allen Test

Abstract. Hypothenar or thenar hammer syndrome (HHS) and hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) are diseases caused by acute or chronic trauma to the upper extremities. Since both diseases are generally related to occupation and are recognised as occupational diseases in most countries, vascular physicians need to be able to distinguish between the two entities and differentiate them from other diagnoses. A total of 867 articles were identified as part of an Internet search on PubMed and in non-listed occupational journals. For the analysis we included 119 entries on HHS as well as 101 papers on HAVS. A professional history and a job analysis were key components when surveying the patient’s medical history. The Doppler-Allen test, duplex sonography and optical acral pulse oscillometry were suitable for finding an objective basis for the clinical tests. In the case of HHS, digital subtraction angiography was used to confirm the diagnosis and plan treatment. Radiological tomographic techniques provided very limited information distal to the wrist. The vascular component of HAVS proved to be strongly dependent on temperature and had to be differentiated from the various other causes of secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon. The disease was medicated with anticoagulants and vasoactive substances. If these were not effective, a bypass was performed in addition to various endovascular interventions, especially in the case of HHS. Despite the relatively large number of people exposed, trauma-induced circulatory disorders of the hands can be observed in a comparatively small number of cases. For the diagnosis of HHS, the morphological detection of vascular lesions through imaging is essential since the disorder can be accompanied by critical limb ischaemia, which may require bypass surgery. In the case of HAVS, vascular and sensoneurological pathologies must be objectified through provocation tests. The main therapeutic approach to HAVS is preventing exposure.

Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Gunungkidul

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Ary Sutrischastini ◽  
Agus Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Random Probability

This paper will discuss the effect of work motivation (incentives, motives and expectations) on the performance of the staff of the Regional Secretariat Gunungkidul. The purpose of this paper is: 1) Determine the effect of incentives on the performance of the staff of the Regional Secretariat Gunungkidul, 2) Determine the effect of motive on the performance of the staff of the Regional Secretariat Gunungkidul, 3) To know the effect of expectations on the performance of the staff of the Regional Secretariat Gunungkidul, 4)To know the effect of incentives, motives and expectations on the performance of the staff of the Regional Secretariat Gunungkidul.Research sites in the Regional Secretariat Gunungkidul and the population is 162entire employee in the Regional Secretariat Gunungkidul. Samples amounted to 116 respondents taken with simple random probability sampling method. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results obtained: (1) incentives positive and significant effect on the performance of, (2) motif positive and significant effect on the performance of, (3) expectations positive and significant impact on the performance of , and (4) incentives, motives and expectations of positive and significant impact on the performance of the staff of the Regional Secretariat Gunungkidul.

Aplikasi metode tahanan jenis dalam studi geologi karst Gua Seropan di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Pulung A. Pranantya ◽  
Nurlia Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Initial Exploration

In terms of geology, most areas in south of the Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the existence of underground river in caves, however, indicate the potential amount of water within the area, especially in the eastern part of the Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermen have discovered that Seropan cave contains fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using a multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The isopach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results, i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL. [DY1][PP2][DY1]Perbaiki grammarIn terms of geology, most areas in south of Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the exixtence of underground river in caves, however, indicate potential amount of water within the area especially in eastern part of Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermans has discovered that Seropan cave contain fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The iso pach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL.[PP2]Sudah diperbaiki

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