scholarly journals Association between the clinical findings and chest radiographs in children with severe pneumonia aged 1 month to 5 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Sah ◽  
Arun Giri ◽  
Niraj Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Altered Sensorium ◽  
History Of

Background: Pneumonia is the main cause of death among children under five years of age particularly in developing countries. According to the WHO, there are more than 15 million cases representing 7-13% of pneumonia cases annually which necessitate hospital admission due to their severity. There is paucity of data regarding the clinical spectrum and the epidemiology of severe pneumonia from eastern part of Nepal. It is important to understand the clinical spectrum and the epidemiology of severe pneumonia at local level to better define problem and to draw inferences for management and policy formulation. Material and Methods: A hospital based retrospective observational study conducted at Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. One hundred and forty four cases with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia were studied over a period of one year. All the cases from 1 month to 5 years of age fulfilling the standard WHO case definition of severe pneumonia were included in the study. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the clinical profile and investigations. Results: A total of 144 cases were studied and analyzed. The age range was from 1 month to 5 years. The mean age of the cases was 13.56 months. Majority of the cases belonged to age group of 1-6 months 40.27% (n=58). There was a male preponderance in our study comprising 58.3% (n=84) of males and 41.7% (n=60) of females. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms present in all cases, fever being present in 95.8% (n=136) cases and cough was present in 98.6% (n=142) cases. The most common radiological finding in our study was bronchopneumonia in 27.8% (n=40) cases followed by lobar pneumonia in 24.3% (n=35) cases and interstitial pneumonia in 18.8% (n=27) cases. Complications were present in 6.9% (n=10) cases and 22.2% (n=32) of the cases had no radiological abnormalities. Among the studied symptoms and signs of severe pneumonia, hurried breathing (p<0.001), wheeze (p=0.016), refusal of feeds (p=0.001), altered sensorium (p=0.006) and previous history of acute respiratory infections showed significant association with radiological abnormalities. Conclusion: Children of severe pneumonia presenting with fast breathing, wheeze, altered sensorium, refusal of feeding and past history of acute respiratory infections showed significant association with abnormal chest radiographs.

PERAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Cindy Ayustin Noya ◽  
Angkit Kinasih ◽  
Venti Agustina ◽  
R.Rr Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan  peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya.   Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION    ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI. Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections

scholarly journals The role of body temperature on respiratory rate in children with acute respiratory infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 640-646
Author(s):  
Beril Ozdemır ◽  
Sıddıka Songül Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of tachypnea as a proxy to the diagnosis of pneumonia. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body temperature alterations and respiratory rate (RR) difference (RRD) in children with acute respiratory infections(ARI). Methods:This cross-sectional study included 297 children with age 2-60 months who presented with cough and fever at the pediatric emergency and outpatient clinics in the Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University Hospital, from January 2016 through June 2018. Each parent completed a structured questionnaire to collect background data. Weight and height were taken. Body temperature, respiratory rate, presence of the chest indrawing, rales, wheezing and laryngeal stridor were also recorded. RRD was defined as the differences in RR at admission and after 3 days of treatment. Results: Both respiratory rate and RRD were moderately correlated with body temperature (r=0.71, p<0.001 and r=0.65, p<0.001; respectively). For every 1°C increase in temperature, RRD increased by 5.7/minutes in overall, 7.2/minute in the patients under 12 months of age, 6.4/minute in the female. The relationship between body temperature and RRD wasn’t statistically significant in patients with rhonchi, chest indrawing, and low oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Respiratory rate should be evaluated according to the degree of body temperature in children with ARI. How- ever, the interaction between body temperature and respiratory rate could not be observed in cases with rhonchi and severe pneumonia. Keywords: Fever; tachypnea; pneumonia; respiratory rate difference; children.

scholarly journals Wheeze among Pneumonia Patients in Paediatrics Department of Patan Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita Ram Shrestha ◽  
B Yadhav ◽  
S Shresta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paediatric Ward ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prolonged Hospital ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Acute respiratory infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. It is estimated that 3.9 million children die annually from acute respiratary diseases and most of them in developing countries. In significant cases, wheeze is associated with Pneumonia. This study was done to find out the outcome of pneumonia patients admitted in the paediatric ward with wheeze and without wheeze in terms of hospital stay, age predominance, sex ratio, mortality and morbity of patients. Some comorbidies of patients were also studied, Methods: This was a retrospective study done in the paediatric ward of Patan Hospital from April-June 2004 to March-April 2006 AD with following inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the children presented to Emergency ward up to 14 years with symptoms and sign of pneumonia were included in the study(high grade fever with chills and rigor,cough,fast breathing,creps and wheeze in auscultation)Age more than 14 years,history of Asthma,Tuberculosis,Acute wheeze associated with cardiac problems were excluded from study.Pneumonia patients admitted not from Emergency department were also excluded from study. Pneumonia with wheeze, outcome, and the hospital stay were studied. The outcome was measured in terms of improvement, deterioration or death of patients. Co morbidities associated with Pneumonia were also studied. Results: Out of 4620 children admitted in pediatric ward eleven hundred and sixty four (Twenty five percent) cases were of pneumonia and among them two hundred eighty three(twenty four percent) had wheeze. Majority of patients with pneumonia having wheeze falls on age group in between 2 and 12 months, followed by 1-5 years. The male children were more frequently affected. The co morbidities were febrile seizure, acute gastroenteritis, sepsis and urinary tract infection. Conclusion: The children admitted in Paediatric ward with Pneumonia were eleven hundred and sixty four and with wheeze were two hundred and eight three. Among them male were more than females. Majority of patients falls on age group two to twelve months. and study showed that they had prolonged hospital stay in relation to without wheeze. Three percent of the cases had blood culture positive among eleven hundred and sixty four sample Key words: Acute respiratory infections (ARI); Wheeze; Paediatric ward; Sepsis; hospital stay. DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i2.4642 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(2):116-120  

Prediction of lactational mastitis

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Z. D. Karimov ◽  
L. P. Bakuleva ◽  
M. F. Yakutina ◽  
S. S. Babayan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prolonged Labor ◽  
Lactational Mastitis

We investigated the bacterial contamination of the milk of women in the iris group in parallel with the determination of lysozyme activity in it. The risk group included birthing women with a history of mastitis, foci of chronic infection; acute respiratory infections during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period, other febrile conditions; lactostasis; prolonged labor; severe forms of toxemia of the second half of pregnancy.

scholarly journals The effect of exclusive breastfeeding on reducing acute respiratory infections in low birth weight infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Trigemayanti Tallo ◽  
I Kompyang Gede Suandi ◽  
Setya Wandita
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
History Of

Background Infants who are breastfed receive natural protectionagainst certain infections. Despite the known benefits of exclusivebreastfeeding, many Indonesian mothers choose to supplementwith formula. There have been few Indonesian studies on theeffect of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing acute respiratoryinfections in low birth weight infants in their first four monthsof life.Objective To investigate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding inreducing the incidence of acute respiratory infections in low birthweight infants during their first four months of life.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study on low birthweight babies in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. The total numberof subjects was 181. The incidence of acute respiratory infectionsduring the first 4 months of life and the duration of breast feedingwere assessed by questionnaires. Data was analyzed Mth Chisquare and logistic regression tests.Results Infants who were exclusively breastfed for 4 months hada lower risk of acute respiratory infection than those who were notexclusively breastfed (RR 0.07; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.14; P􀁄O.OOI).After adjustment for gestational age, parity, maternal nutritionalstatus, family size, smoke exposure, and history of atopy, infantswho were exclusively breastfed still had a lower risk for acuterespiratory infection than those who were not exclusively breastfed(RR 0.06; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.13; P 􀁄 0.001)Conclusion Exclusive breastfeeding reduced the risk of acuterespiratory infection in low birth weight infants in the first fourmonths after birth. [Paediatr Indones. 2012;52:229,32].

scholarly journals A Rare Cause of Upper Airway Obstruction in a Child

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
H. Ahmed ◽  
C. Ndiaye ◽  
M. W. Barry ◽  
Aliou Thiongane ◽  
A. Mbaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laryngeal Dyspnea

Ventricular band cyst is a rare condition in children but can result in severe upper airway obstruction with laryngeal dyspnea or death. The diagnosis should be considered in any stridor in children with previous history of intubation or respiratory infections. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl, received in an array of severe respiratory distress, emergency endoscopy was done, and a large ventricular tape band cyst obstructing the air way was found. Complete excision was made, and postoperative prophylaxis tracheotomy was done. The postoperative course was uneventful with improvement of clinical and endoscopic signs.

scholarly journals Study of risk factors of acute respiratory infections in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Southern Maharashtra

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Alka C. Kaware ◽  
Nitin H. Kamble ◽  
S. K. Mangulikar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children. In India, it constitutes 15% of under five deaths. Various risk factors are responsible for ARI in children. Study of risk factors will help to reduce the high morbidity and mortality due to ARI. The objectives were to study risk factors responsible for acute respiratory infections in children and to find out case fatality rate &/ outcome of acute respiratory infections ARI in children.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was done in 2013-14 in a tertiary care centre to study the risk factors associated with ARI in children. All the pediatric patients between 0-12 years admitted in a tertiary care centre at Solapur were enrolled in the study.Results: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) were more common in 1-4 years age group i.e. 57.31% (196). It was more common in males i.e. 64.33% (220) than females i.e. 35.67% (122). ARI was more common in lower socio-economic classes i.e. class V (50.58%), class IV (22.52%); in patients whose mothers were illiterate 43.28% and who had history of parental smoking 84.21%. Maximum patients of ARI were having history of overcrowding 75.73%, inadequate cross-ventilation 81.87% and use of smoky chullah 78.65% in their home. Statistically significant association found between ARI cases and these socio-demographic factors. 46.78% (160) were incompletely immunized and 16.37% (56) were not immunized at all. Only 36.84% (126) were completely immunized for their age. Maximum cases of ARI (50.88%) occurred in winter season followed by rainy season (26.90%). Outcome showed that 91.52% (313) were cured, while 1.75% (6) patients died due to ARI.Conclusions: The present study has identified various socio-demographic, nutritional and environmental risk factors for ARI which can be prevented by effective health education and an appropriate initiative taken by the government.

scholarly journals Therapeutic management of acute respiratory infections in AIEPI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Nancy Isabel Abad-Martínez ◽  
Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel ◽  
Pedro Carlos Martínez-Suárez ◽  
Fanny Mercedes González-León ◽  
Lilian Azucena Romero-Sacoto
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quantitative Sample ◽  
Collection Form

To determine the therapeutic management of acute respiratory infections within the IMCI strategy in children from 2 to 59 months in the health centres of Déleg, Javier Loyola and San Miguel de Porotos. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study, cross-sectional, quantitative, sample of 314 children attended in the health center Déleg, Javier Loyola and San Miguel de Porotos, diagnosed with acute respiratory infection. Instrument: A collection form was designed with the respective validation by experts. Data were collected from the medical history of children from 2 to 59 months. Results: Male predominance 56.7%, age 2 to 11 months 28.6%, predominance of cough or common cold 31.4% followed by pharyngo-tonsillitis 22.2%, therapeutic management of pharyngo-tonsillitis is based on the use of amoxicillin and paracetamol 54.5%, in cough or cold receive paracetamol 30.8% and other children with the same diagnosis receive paracetamol plus loratadine 72%. In simple counseling, sore throat relief predominates 80.0% and cough relief 65%. Conclusion: The classification specified in the IMCI strategy is not met. There is a high percentage of diagnoses of pharyngo-tonsillitis that are not specified as being viral or bacterial, and other cases are treated with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid.

scholarly journals Severe pneumonia leading to death in an achondroplasic infant: a rare case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Mankiran K. Matharoo ◽  
Gursharn S. Narang
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
History Of

This report concerns a 9-month-old male with achondroplasia presenting with severe respiratory distress having history of frequent respiratory infections, developmental delay and failure to thrive. Child had septicemia and ended up in multiorgan failure, ultimately leading to death due to cardiopulmonary arrest.

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