scholarly journals Analysis of abnormal epithelial lesions in cervical Pap smears in Mid-Western Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Ranabhat ◽  
R Shrestha ◽  
M Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Pap Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Epithelial Lesions

Background: Like in other developing countries, cancer of cervix is one of the most common malignancies in women in Nepal. Most women never undergo a cervical Pap smear screening. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical epithelial lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 880 conventional cervical Pap smears reported from the Department of Pathology, Chitwan Medical College in Chitwan, Nepal. The time period was from June 2009 to November 2010. Results: In this study, High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion was the most common with 6 cases (40%), followed by Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion with 3 cases (20%), then Atypical Squamous Epithelial Cells of Undetermined Significance, and atypical Glandular Cells and Squamous cell carcinoma with 2 cases each (13.3%). Eighty per cent of all the abnormal epithelial lesions were found in women above the age of 40 years. Conclusion: At least one Pap screening test of the cervix of all women between the ages of 40-50 years is recommended. Keywords: Pap smear; Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion; Squamous cell carcinoma. DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4447Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 30-33

scholarly journals A retrospective analysis of cervical smears for detection of precancerous lesions

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 847-849
Author(s):  
A Jha ◽  
AK Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Smears ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background:  Diseases of the cervix are common in women. Detection of neoplastic lesions is of prime importance in the evaluation of cervical smears although their frequency is less than the non-neoplastic conditions. Reactive and inflammatory conditions, however, may mimic or obscure the dysplastic changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of various inflammatory, reactive and neoplastic   lesions in the cervical smears.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 150 cases of cervical smears collected from medical record section of the hospital and Department of Pathology at National Medical College from April 2013 to April 2015.Results: Of 150 patients who underwent cervical cytology, only 15 cases (10%) had epithelial cell abnormalities. This was followed by reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation (16.7%), infections (5.3%) and atrophy (1.3%). Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (6%) was the most common epithelial cell abnormality followed by high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (2%), atypical glandular cells (1.3%) and squamous cell carcinoma (0.7%).Conclusion: Reactive changes including atrophy were the commonest finding. Squamous intraepithelial lesion was commonest finding among epithelial abnormalities. Glandular intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma were also identified. Among infections Trichomoniasis  and candidiasis  were seen.

scholarly journals A Large Retrospective Study of 12714 Cases of LEEP Conization Focusing on Cervical Cancer That Colposcopy-Directed Biopsy Failed to Detect

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qing Cong ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Shujun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Large Retrospective Study

Punch biopsy is important in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. However, it may fail to detect early cervical cancers. A retrospective study was performed in the largest academic women’s hospital in China to demonstrate cervical cancer that colposcopy-directed biopsy failed to detect. Methods. Patients who were diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and persistent low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) via colposcopy-directed biopsy and had further undergone loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) conization were included. These procedures were performed at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from July 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016. In total, 5.98% (760/12714) of patients who underwent conization were diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer. Persistent LSIL (0.24%), HSIL (6.37%), and AIS (24.31%) were detected cancer by conization. Histological subtypes included squamous cell carcinoma (92.0%), adenocarcinoma (5.1%), adenosquamous carcinoma (1.8%), adenoid basal type carcinoma (0.9%), and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (0.1%). Cytology reports consisted of HSIL (45.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) (16.1%), and LSIL (11.6%), and atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H) (9.3%), squamous cell carcinoma (0.9%), AGC (atypical glandular cells, 0.9%), AIS (0.4%), and NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, 15.4%). The sensitivity of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) screening (96.4%) was significantly higher than that of cytology (84.6%) (P<0.01), with sensitivity of cotesting at 99.8% and a ratio of double-negative results at 0.2%. The sensitivity of cytology and hrHPV screening of different cervical cancer histologic subtypes was also demonstrated. In this large retrospective study, we systematically reported the cytology, hrHPV, pathology, and stages of cervical cancer that colposcopy-directed biopsy failed to detect.

scholarly journals Significance of miR-141 and miR-340 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Wenting Li ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Yiqun Li ◽  
Cuicui Wang ◽  
Xinzhi Fang
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Nerve Invasion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Abstract Background We investigated the expression and clinical significance of miR-141 and miR-340 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Methods Expression of miR-141 and miR-340 in CSCC, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and normal cervical squamous epithelium were detected by qRT-PCR. PTEN was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Their relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results The changes of miR-141 and miR-340 were different in CSCC, HSIL, and normal squamous epithelium (P = 0.030). miR-141 expression was statistically significant in gross type, differentiation, uterine corpus invasion, nerve invasion, vagina invasion, and FIGO stage in CSCC (P < 0.05). miR-340 expression was related to tumor size, differentiation, nerve invasion, lymph node metastasis, and FIGO stage in CSCC (P < 0.05). miR-141 and miR-340 expressions were statistically significant in different ages (P < 0.05) in HSIL. The AUC of miR-141 in CSCC diagnosis and that of miR-340 in HSIL diagnosis were 0.893 and 0.764, respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of miR-141 for diagnosis of CSCC were 95.0% and 60.8%, respectively, while those of miR-340 for diagnosis of HSIL were 90.0 and 48.6%, respectively. miR-141 and miR-340 expressions are associated with PTEN expression (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001). Conclusion miR-141 and miR-340 may be associated with their target gene PTEN and involved in the carcinogenesis of cervical squamous epithelium.

scholarly journals Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation Is Associated with Erythropoietin Expression but Not with Erythropoietin Receptor Expression in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yue-Jie Li ◽  
Xin Qing ◽  
Qing-Xu Tao ◽  
Li Xiang ◽  
Li Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Vasculogenic Mimicry ◽  
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Erythropoietin Receptor ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Normal Cervix ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), as an endothelium-independent cancer microcirculation, has been observed in many malignancies including cervical cancer. Erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) could produce an angiogenic effect to promote cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) progression. However, the association between VM formation and EPO/EPO-R expression in CSCC is poorly explored. Methods. Seventy-six paraffin-embedded CSCC samples, 25 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) samples, 20 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) samples, and 20 normal cervix samples were collected. Immunohistochemistry SP method was performed to detect EPO/EPO-R expression and CD31/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) double staining was performed to detect VM formation. The associations of EPO/EPO-R and VM with clinicopathological parameters of CSCC were analyzed. The associations between VM formation and EPO/EPO-R expression were also analyzed. Results. The positive expression rates of EPO and EPO-R were gradually increasing along the progression of normal cervix-LSIL-HSIL-CSCC sequence (P<0.05). EPO and EPO-R expression were not significantly associated with clinicopathological parameters of CSCC patients (P>0.05). VM was significantly associated with FIGO stage, lymphovascular space involvement, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). VM was positively associated with EPO expression (r=0.284, P<0.05) but was not associated with EPO-R expression (P>0.05). Conclusion. These data suggest that increased EPO/EPO-R expression may play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis. EPO overexpression may promote VM formation in CSCC.

scholarly journals Spectrum of cytological patterns in cervical PAP smears in a tertiary care center of Western region of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Pragya Gautam Ghimire ◽  
Durga BC Rawat ◽  
Kavita Sinha ◽  
Kamar Jahan ◽  
Richa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a common health problem in Nepal. There is paucity of data regarding the spectrum of findings in cervical Pap in western Nepal. This study was aimed to study the cytological patterns in cervical Pap smears in patients in a tertiary hospital of Nepal. Methods: This is a prospective, cross sectional, hospital based study. Clinical features of patients who had presented with Pap smear was noted in a structured proforma. Pap smears were studied by a senior pathologist and reported based on revised Bethesda system (2014). Results: Most of the cases belonged to 31-40 years 399 (42.8%). Unsatisfactory/ inadequate sample was present in 133(14.05%) with obscuration due to inflammatory exudate being most common cause. Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy rate was noted in 798 (85.54%) with 477(51.2%) being normal findings. Epithelial cell abnormalities were noted in 116 (14.5 %) smears. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion constituted 321(34.5%), High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion 273(29.3 %) and Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance 153(16.4%) of epithelial cell abnormalities. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 9(1%) of all reviewed smears. There was no statistical significance between the age and abnormalities of Pap smear (p=0.9). Conclusions: Pap smear is pivotal in cervical cancer screening in developing countries. It also identifies various inflammatory, infective, benign and malignant pathologies at the earliest thereby decreasing the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Cervical pap smear- A prospective study in a tertiary hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pudasaini ◽  
KBR Prasad ◽  
SK Rauniyar ◽  
R Pathak ◽  
K Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Effective Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide and most common gynaecological cancer in developing countries. Papanicolaou smear is a simple and cost effective screening test for cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate and interpret the cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary hospital. The interpretation and reporting of the pap smear is based on 2001Bethesda system.Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital, Nepal Medical College over a period of two and a half years (January 2013 to June 2015). All cervical pap smears received in the department of Pathology in the study period were included.Results: A total of 4160 cervical pap smears were reported in the study period. Majority of the cases were Negative for Intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (87.9%). Bacterial vaginosis, atrophy and reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation were seen in 5.3%, 2.4% and 1.5% cases respectively.   Epithelial cell abnormalities (0.5%) include Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and High grade intraepithelial lesion. 88% of Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was seen in reproductive age group (20-45 years).Conclusion: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in the developing countries. Pap smear is the simple and cost effective screening tool to detect pre invasive cervical epithelial lesions.

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