scholarly journals Snake-Bite in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chaudhary ◽  
S Singh ◽  
N Chaudhary ◽  
SK Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Life Threatening

Snake-bite is one of the diseases which is included in the World Health Organization's (WHO) list of neglected tropical diseases. It is a well-known life threatening medical emergency commonly seen in farmers, plantation workers, herders, fishermen, snake restaurant workers and other food producers. In Nepal, snake-bite take a heavy toll of human lives. It is due to poor health services in rural areas especially for antisnake venom (ASV) treatment facility. Exact magnitudes of problem and mortality from snake-bite are very difficult to estimate due to serious misreporting. This review article aims to discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of snake-bite envenomation in South Asia region particularly in Nepal and helping in improving the knowledge and understanding of snake-bite to save precious human lives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11829 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 45-53

scholarly journals Analysis of Organophosphorus compound poisoning patients attending CMS-TH, Bharatpur, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
S Laudari ◽  
BS Patowary
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Planning Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning is a medical emergency. It is important to know its nature, clinical presentation, severity and outcome in order to take up appropriate measures including proper planning, treatment and prevention. This study was aimed to assess the clinical profile of organophosphorus poisoning. This is a prospective hospital based study conducted at CMS-T.H., Bharatpur, Nepal. The study included 111 patients of organophosphorus poisoning during the period November 2008 to July 2011. The incidence was commoner in females than males with female:male ratio being 1.47:1. Majority of the patients(58.56%) belonged to the age group 16 to 30 years with female predominance(2.25:1). Modes of poisoning were suicidal in the majority (94.59%), accidental in 4.50%. and homicidal in 0.90%. Psychiatric problems were the major precipitating factors. Majority of patients(62.16%) had moderate poisoning (POP scale: 4-7).On admission, dyselectrolytemia and respiratory failure were found in 74.77% and 21.62% respectively.8 patients expired (7.69%). Large amount of OP poison ingestion (>40ml) and increased severity of poisoning (POP scale) were found to have statistical significance with the rate of mortality. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 9-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4.6736

scholarly journals A study to assess the clinical profile of patients with snake bites in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Keshava Murthy M. R. ◽  
Aruna C. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Snake Bites

Background: Snakebite is a life-threatening medical emergency. It occurs frequently among rural people, especially those working in the fields. Most houses in rural areas of India are made of mud and have many crevices where rodents flourish. Delay in seeking medical aid or ignorance among primary care physicians about the correct treatment of snakebite is responsible for the high morbidity and mortality. Authors objective was to study the clinical profile of snake bite at a rural tertiary care centre.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at M S Rammaih Medical College Bangalore from   June 2017 to June 2018.  The incidence of Snake bite in Karnataka is 0.5% and at 95% confidence interval with Margin of error at 1% the estimated sample size was 197, but in this study author were able to collect data of 237 cases, hence all the cases were included in the study and analyzed.Results: Majority of the respondents were middle aged between 21-50 years. Around 63.3% of the respondents were male and nearly 56.2% were farmers. The incidence of snake bite of Cobra was seen in 8.9%, Krait 5.1% and viper 4.2%. Around 70% patients had no significant complications following hospitalization in our study. Around 20% had hematotoxic like ARF, DIC and local gangrene.Conclusions: Snakebite is one of the common hazards especially in rural setup as agriculture being the main occupation. Snake bite can present with various manifestations at bite sites, neurotoxicity, hematotoxicity.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapeutic study of efficacy, safety and prognostic analysis of anti snake venom serum in snake bite patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Inamdar ◽  
Sudhakar M. Parhate ◽  
Rahul D. Randad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Effective Measure

Background: Snakebite is a common medical emergency especially in the rural areas. The effective measure to treat most of the manifestations of venomous snake bite is timely administration of anti-snake venom serum (ASVS). Problems associated with ASVS use are lack of evidence for optimal dose schedule and occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions.Methods: A retrospective review of snakebite cases was carried out from record section of a tertiary care teaching hospital from January 2011 to December 2011.Results: Out of total 202 snakebite patients admitted during the study period, age group of 21-30 years (mainly male victims) accounted for highest no. of snakebite cases (25.7%). The mean (±SD) dose of ASVS used was 124 (±112) mL. 11.8% patients had suffered from adverse drug reactions due to ASVS. 7.4% patients required mechanical ventilation. Overall mortality in our study was 9.4%. Mortality was higher (50%) where the time interval between the snakebite and initiation of treatment was >6 hours. Out of total 15 patients who required mechanical ventilation, n=10 (66.6%) patient died.Conclusions: In our study, mean dose of ASVS used was as per WHO guidelines. Less incidence of adverse drug reaction due to ASVS may be because of co-administration of corticosteroids and anti-histaminics. Delay in getting treatment with ASVS, neurotoxic envenomation and respiratory failure, were the risk factors associated with adverse prognosis due to snake bite in our set up.

scholarly journals Delayed neurological manifestation in viper bite despite anti-snake venom therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Robin George Manappallil
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Neurological Manifestation ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Systemic Manifestations

Envenomation due to snake bite is an acute life threatening medical emergency. Among the different families of snakes, viper bites are known to cause local manifestations like cellulitis, blebs, compartment syndrome; as well as systemic manifestations which include neurological, hematological and renal failure. This is a case of a middle aged man who presented with viper bite. He was given anti-snake venom (ASV) and became asymptomatic. After about 72 hours of ASV therapy, he started developing generalised paralysis. He was given another course of ASV, following which he recovered completely. To the best of knowledge, this form of delayed neurological manifestations following viper bite, despite receiving ASV has not been reported yet.

scholarly journals Schistosoma and Other Relevant Helminth Infections in HIV-Positive Individuals—an Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrei von Braun ◽  
Henning Trawinski ◽  
Sebastian Wendt ◽  
Christoph Lübbert
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

For many years, researchers have postulated that helminthic infections may increase susceptibility to HIV, and that immune activation may have contributed to the extensive spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In the meantime, immunological studies have provided some evidence in support of this hypothesis, while cross-sectional clinical studies were able to further support the assumed association between HIV infection and selected helminthic co-infections. However, as many of the helminthic infections relevant to HIV-infected patients belong to the group of “neglected tropical diseases”, as defined by the World Health Organization, a certain lack of attention has inhibited progress in fully scaling up treatment and prevention efforts. In addition, despite the fact that the challenges of co-infections have preoccupied clinicians for over two decades, relevant research questions remain unanswered. The following review aims to provide a concise overview of associations between HIV and selected helminthic co-infections concerning aspects of HIV acquisition and transmission, clinical and immunological findings in co-infected individuals, as well as treatment and prevention efforts.

Anti-Ophidian Properties of Herbal Medicinal Plants: Could it be a Remedy for Snake Bite Envenomation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhamay Panda ◽  
Leena Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Health Organization

Snake bite envenoming causes high rates of morbidity and mortality and is one of the serious health-related concerns all over the globe. Around 3200 species of snakes have been discovered till date. Amid these species, about 1300 species of snakes are venomous. On account of its severity, World Health Organization (WHO) recently included snakebite envenoming in the list of neglected tropical diseases. Immunotherapy has partially solved the issues related to snakebite envenomation. However, it is associated with numerous adverse effects, due to which alternative treatment strategies are required for the treatment of snakebite. Traditionally, a large repository of herbal medicinal plants is known to possess activity against snake venom. An exploration of the therapeutic benefits of these medicinal plants used for the treatment of snakebites reveals the presence of various potential phytochemicals. The aim of the present review is to provide an outline regarding poisonous snakes all over the world, various compositions of snake venom, adverse effects related to anti-snake venom and numerous medicinal plants used for the anti-ophidian activity.

Comparative protein composition and biological effects caused by Bothrops jararacussu and B. moojeni crude venoms.

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otacílio B. Paixão-Júnior ◽  
Diana P. Silva ◽  
Sarah S. Ferreira ◽  
Ayrton R. Barbosa ◽  
Pedro G. N. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Bothrops Jararacussu

: The World Health Organization added snakebite envenoming to its priority list of neglected tropical diseases. Snakebite envenoming is a particularly important public health problem in rural areas of tropical and sub-tropical countries. In 2017, more than 30 thousand cases of snakebites were reported in Brazil, with the North and Northeast regions being the most affected and Bothrops sp snakes causing most of these cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the coagulating, cytotoxic, oxidizing and antioxidant effects caused by the Bothrops jararacussu and B. moojeni crude venoms. The crude venoms protein profiles were characterized, and the biological effects were evaluated and compared between the species. The crude venoms composition showed similar protein profiles. The B. jararacussu and B. moojeni crude venoms showed coagulant activity and were capable of causing indirect hemolysis on the erythrocyte membrane, but did not protect the erythrocyte membrane from damage against hypotonic solutions. The B. jararacussu crude venom promoted hemagglutination. The crude venoms were not able to promote an oxidizing effect on hemoglobin and could not prevent the phenylhydrazine oxidizing effect; however, the crude venoms presence caused increase in the methemoglobin formation by phenylhydrazine oxidation.

scholarly journals Clinical Features, Management and Outcome of Snake Bite in Children in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Deepak P Koirala ◽  
E Gauchan ◽  
S Basnet ◽  
S Adhikari ◽  
G BK
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Coagulation Profile ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Significant Mortality

Background: Snake bite is a widely distributed and neglected condition with a significant mortality. Medically significant snakes are: Elapidae, which are mainly neurotoxic and Viperidae, which are hemotoxic. Most studies on snake bites are done in Terai belt of Nepal and this is a first study of its kind in children in western region of Nepal. Methods: This was a 7 year retrospective study in Pediatric unit of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Relevant data from all cases of snake bite in children up to 18 years of age was collected in a structured proforma and analyzed. Results: Among the 39 cases of Snake bites; it was more in boys (M: F=1.16:1), from rural areas (62%) and was more common during monsoon (64%). The commonest site of bite was foot (64%). Snakes were identifiable in only 23% of the cases. Local swelling (77%) and pain (74%) were common clinical features. Coagulation profile was deranged in 80% of the patients, hematuria was observed in 13% patients and 15% patients had thrombocytopenia. Most of the snakes were hemotoxic (77%) and only 1 case (2.5%) was neurotoxic. Only 44% of the patients received polyvalent anti-snake venom and blood products were required in 51% of the patients. Most patients improved (75%) and the case fatality rate was 2.5%. Conclusion: Most snakes found in mountainous region of Nepal are hemotoxic and lead to deranged coagulation profile. Mortality is low in hemotoxic as compared to neurotoxic envenomations. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 119-124 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8954

scholarly journals THE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE BITE AND THEIR OUTCOME WITH DIFFERENT VARIABLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar Jakhar ◽  
Arvind Jain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Medical College

Background: Snake Bite is a life-threatening medical emergency & major public health issue throughout the world and especially in tropical countries like India. Snake bite which is a substantial cause of death in rural areas of developing countries, is a neglected public health problem. Methods: The study include the patient of snake bite who is admitted in department of medicine of M.D.M. Hospital attached to Dr S. N. Medical College Jodhpur during the period of one year January 01 2018 to December 31, 2018. Patients were enrolled after obtaining an informed consent and meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Maximum number of the cases did not receive any first aid and ASV& Pain killer was the most common component of the first aid. Two third of the cases were bitten by Viper snakes while one third by Cobra and Krait collectively. ASV dose was given as per the case response and in ASV dose of 30-50 VIAL was injected in majority of the victims (38.56). 30-50 VIAL was injected in majority of the victims. At time of hospital admission WBCT is normal in 52 patients (33.09%) while 101 patients had WBCT more than 20 min. Conclusion: Snakebite, an important occupational hazard, though preventable in principle remains to be one of the common medical emergencies. Primary prevention by imparting information regarding quick transport, correct first aid measures and training of primary level health workers can drastically bring down the mortality of this neglected tropical disease. Keywords: Snake bite, ASV, Viper.

scholarly journals UTILITY OF SERUM CRP AND LDH AS MARKERS OF HEMOTOXICITY IN SNAKE BITE VICTIMS: HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagwan Pandharinath Gore
Keyword(s):  
General Medicine ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequent Site ◽  
Serum Crp ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Background: Snakebite is a common medical emergency and an occupational hazard commonly seen in the rural as well as suburban population. In this study to determine the utility of Serum CRP and LDH as Markers of hemotoxicity in snake bite victims. Materials & Methods: This hospital based prospective study was conducted a total 60 admitted patients in the department of general medicine at Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Palghar during June 2020 to December 2020. The patients were included were with alleged history of snake bite & history of unknown bite but with symptoms and signs compatible with snake bite envenomation otherwise patients were excluded. Results: Most frequent site of snakebite was the lower limbs constituting 85.0% of bites. Majority (41.7%) of the patients presented with features compatible with moderate envenomation. Serum CRP showed a significant elevation in their levels in the severe as compared to the mild envenomed group. Conclusion: Snakebite commonly affects people in the younger age group & hemotoxic envenomation is most common manifestation of envenomation observed. Keywords: Snakebite, Envenomation, Serum CRP, LDH, Haematological Parameters.

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