scholarly journals Refractive Error Prevalence among School Children in Dadeldhura District of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
S. Awasthi ◽  
B.P. Pant ◽  
T. Langaas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Spherical Equivalent Refraction

Background Uncorrected refractive error is the major cause of visual impairment worldwide. There is no data on refractive error prevalence among school children in hilly region of Far West Nepal. Objective The prevalence of refractive error has been found to vary among children of different caste/ethnic groups and geographical regions. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of refractive error among school children from different caste/ethnic groups in Dadeldhura district of Far West Nepal. Method This is a cross sectional study of refractive error among secondary school children from 2 schools in Dadeldhura district. All children underwent a vision screening consisting of visual acuity, ocular examination and refraction. Myopia was diagnosed for an eye with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.5 D whereas an eye with SER ≥ +2.0 D was diagnosed as hyperopic. Ethnicity was reported through self administered questionnaire. Result Among children aged 12 to 16 years (14.07 ± 1.4) prevalence of myopia was 3.5%, hyperopia 0.33% and astigmatism 1%. All except three children had spherical equivalent refraction (SER) within ±2 D. Caste/ethnicity was not associated significantly with myopia in either eye (χ2= 0.27, df= 2, p= 0.87). Conclusion The prevalence of refractive error among secondary school children in Dadeldhura district of Far West Nepal is very low in comparison to myopia prevalence reported in studies from other parts of the world, but slightly lower than myopia prevalence found in other, eastern parts of Nepal.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on defective vision among secondary school going children in Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3995
Author(s):  
Chinta Durga Kumar ◽  
Venkata Suresh Anga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Defective Vision

Background: Eye is one of the most vital organs of human body. Any abnormality in the eye can impair vision and make the person handicapped for life. The school children form a special group because they are most vulnerable to the effects of reduced vision and its impact on learning capability and educational potential. The objective of the study was to find out the factors affecting vision of secondary school children, to suggest preventive and remedial measures for defective vision.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. School children of Zilla Parishad secondary high school during November 2016 to December 2016 were studied. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was administered. A total of 320 students were included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. Data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results were expressed as proportions for different study variables.Results: Out of the 320 students, majority 181 (56.56%) of study participants were girls. The highest number of students (49.38%) was between 12-13 years of age group. Prevalence of defective vision is 34%. Family history is present in 29% of the study population. 34% of children with defective vision, it was detected by their mother.Conclusions: Refractive errors are more in girls. Children and parents should be educated regarding ocular hygiene and early correction of refractive errors.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna C. Atowa ◽  
Alvin J. Munsamy ◽  
Samuel O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

scholarly journals Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school-aged children in Myanmar: the result of 14 years after the implementation of deworming

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Soe Min Oo ◽  
Aung Tun ◽  
Thi Thi Htoon ◽  
Phyo Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Win Lae Htut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Geographical Regions

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections were the most common infections among school-aged children (SAC) in Myanmar. The routine school-based mass drug administration (MDA) with twice a year frequency has started in 2005.Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of STH infection among SAC as the follow-up study after 14 years of MDA. In August 2019, 1000 school-aged children attending Grades 4 and 5 from four geographical regions across the country were enrolled using a multi-stage sample random sampling. The anthropometry and hemoglobin concentration was measured, and stool specimens were detected parasite eggs using the Kato Katz technique.Results: The intensity of infection was classified according to WHO criteria. Infection prevalence was 17% for any STH infections, 10.4% for A. lumbricoides, 17% for T. trichiura, and 2% for the hookworm. All STH infections were virtually not detected in the hilly region. The highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infection were seen in the coastal region. The hookworm was seen only in the plain region. The underweight prevalence was 9% and anemia prevalence was 38% while there were huge differences across regions. The finding showed that STH infections continued to be endemic among SAC throughout the country except for the hilly region after 14 years of MDA.Conclusions: The regular deworming program should be reduced to once a year frequency in Myanmar. Triple-dose regimens should be considered to eliminate the whipworms. The burden of anemia among SAC should also be addressed in cooperation with MDA.

scholarly journals The Pattern of Ocular Morbidity, Findings from a Study Conducted in Western Remote Hilly Region of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bastola
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ocular Allergy ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Background: There is a lack of study in the pattern of ocular morbidity in western hilly region of Nepal. Therefore a study was carried out to find out the pattern of ocular morbidity, in various age groups in a diagnostic, screening and treatment camp (DST) held in a western hilly remote region of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study was done to find out the pattern of ocular morbidity in a western hilly region of Nepal. All the cases included in the study were examined thoroughly from Ophthalmological perspective and a diagnosis was made. Patients needing treatment both medical as well as surgical were advised accordingly and referred when indicated. Results: A total of 712 eyes of 356 cases were examined in this study. The range of the age varied from two months of life to 91 yrs of age. Age wise most number of cases were in the school going age group accounting for almost 80% of all the cases. The commonest ocular morbidity encountered were refractive error (15.4%), dry eyes, ocular allergy, followed by cataract. Majority of the cases had both dry eyes and ocular allergy. While 70 eyes of 35 patients had no ocular morbidity. Conclusion: The lower prevalence of age related cataract was due to the extensive cataract surgical coverage provided in the region by various organizations and because of lesser number of cases examined above the age of 40 years. Finding of just three cases of Xerophthalmia (X2B), pointed out towards the success of extensive Vitamin A supplement program run by the ministry of health. Keywords: Refractive error; dry eyes; ocular allergy; cataract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5795   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 35-38

scholarly journals Quality of Life among Middle and Secondary School Children with Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Narayanrao Pachange ◽  
J. V. Dixit ◽  
Arjun M. C. ◽  
Akhil Dhanesh Goel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Seizure Episode

Abstract Objectives Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability in school-going children. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in middle and secondary school children and to assess their quality of life (QOL). Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study done in schools under the municipal corporation area of Latur Taluka, Maharashtra. At school, children were screened for epilepsy and the positive children were visited at home. Children with confirmed epilepsy were used to calculate prevalence. The QOL of children diagnosed to have epilepsy was assessed using Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) version 1.0. Statistical Analysis Mean scores in scales and subscales of QOLCE-55 were calculated. Association between variables was analyzed using unpaired/independent t-test and analysis of variance. Statistically significance was fixed for a p-value less than 0.05. Results Prevalence of epilepsy in middle and secondary school children was found to be 3.20 per 1000. In QOLCE-55, physical functioning was the most compromised, with the lowest mean QOL score (mean = 58.3, standard deviation = 20.66). Present age of the child, age at the first seizure episode, and time interval since last seizure had a statistically significant relation with QOL. The treatment gap was found to be 70.4%. Conclusions Assessment of QOL in children with epilepsy is important for effective and comprehensive management of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Corneal curvature in young high myopic undergraduates in southern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2592
Author(s):  
Juno Ohiremere Okukpon ◽  
Oluwashola Michael Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Spherical Equivalent Refraction ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Background: Corneal curvature is important for contact lens fitting and management, ocular aberration analysis, corneal refractive surgery as well as diagnoses and management of corneal pathological conditions such as keratoconus and it is also an important biometric factor affecting refractive errors, myopia inclusive.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted at the Optometry Teaching Clinic, Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and twenty myopic eyes of 113 (54 males, 59 females) undergraduates students, between 16 and 25 years with myopia of -5.00 to -20.50 participated in this study. Non-cycloplegic refraction was done by retinoscopic measurement and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of the eyes was calculated. The corneal curvature was determined with a Bausch and Lomb one position Keratometer (Bausch and Lomb Corp., USA).Results: The mean age, spherical equivalent, corneal curvature and corneal power were 20.44±2.24 years, ̶7.12±3.14DS, 7.72±0.26mm and 43.77±1.48D respectively. Most of the students had a myopia of -5.75 to -10.50DS (46.8%) and a corneal curvature of 7.61-7.90mm (46.82%). There was a difference between the corneal curvature of males and females (P=0.0001). A relationship was also found with gender and corneal curvature (P=0.001).Conclusions: This study found that high myopic females had shorter corneal curvature, with greater corneal powers than their males counterparts (P<0.01). We also found that gender had a significant relationship with the corneal curvature unlike age and the spherical equivalent which showed no relationship (P>0.01).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Refractive Error and Strabismus in Primary School Children of Tehsil Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Faheem Ullah ◽  
Naheed Mahsood ◽  
Waqas Mohyuddin ◽  
Saadullah Afridi ◽  
Zia Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Public Health

OBJECTIVES: Refractive errors and strabismus continue to remain a significant public health problem. Among school children it has an impact on child development. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive error and strabismus among primary school children. METHODOLOGY: It was a cross-sectional study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the school children. Data was collected in November-December 2013. Visual impairment was defined as, presenting VA of < 6/12. A total of 2288 children (1746 boys and 542 girls) were screened from 26 randomly selected schools. Stratified sampling technique was used. Data were collected on pre-designed questionnaires and entered and analyzed by SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: The mean age of children was 8.10 + 2.3 years. About 4% children were found visually impaired. The prevalence of refractive error was found to be 5.4%, of which 88.6% was uncorrected refractive error. The prevalence of refractive error was found higher in girls than boys, 6.8% and 5.0% respectively. Among types of refractive error, myopia prevalence was 2.3%, hypermetropia prevalence was 2.0% and astigmatism prevalence was 1.1%. The prevalence of strabismus was 1.3%. Refractive error was found as a main cause of visual impairment in school children. Prevalence of strabismus among this study population is relatively low as compared to the global prevalence of 2% to 5%. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that more study to determine the extent of the problem and possible factors for development of refractive error and strabismus types are needed to mitigate these conditions.

scholarly journals Insufficient Iodine Level in Urine among Children of a Secondary School: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (242) ◽  
pp. 890-893
Author(s):  
Anand Ballabh Joshi ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Chitra Kumar Gurung ◽  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Krishna Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Urine Iodine

Introduction: Iodine deficiency disorders are common endocrinopathies in Nepal. Children are at risk for iodine deficiency disorders. Irreversible mental retardation and brain damage in children are the devastating disorders lead by iodine deficiency. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of insufficient iodine level among the children of a secondary school. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urine from April 2019 to July 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council (Registration number: 802/2018). Forty-six urine samples were collected from school children for iodine estimation. Convenience sampling was done. Data were entered into Statistical Package for the Social Science version 21 and descriptive analyses were done. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among the 46 students, majority 36 (78.30%) (95% Confidence Interval= 66.30-90.21) of the school children had insufficient urine iodine level. Among 36 salt samples collected from school children with low urine iodine level, 8 (22.2%) salt samples had iodine less than 15ppm. Conclusions: Iodine estimation revealed a very high percentage of urine samples containing insufficient levels of iodine is similar as compared to studies done in similar settings. Hence, the school children were at risk of iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency disorders prevention programs should be priority intervention based on available evidence. 

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