scholarly journals Opportunistic infection among HIV seropositive cases in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Dhungel ◽  
KU Dhungel ◽  
JM Easow ◽  
YI Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Strong Action ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) claimed more than 22 million deaths in the past two decades. About 10,000-15,000 Nepalese are expected to die of AIDS related deaths every year in the absence of effective treatment and care. Major cause of mortality and morbidity in HIV infected people is opportunistic infection (OI). Type of pathogen(s) responsible for OI varies from region to region. Objective: This study attempts to find out OI among HIV seropositive patients visiting MTH, Pokhara. Results: Tuberculosis (30%) was found to be most common OI followed by candidiasis (14%). Pulmonary tuberculosis (21.14%) was more common than extra pulmonary tuberculosis (8.92%). Oral candidiasis (8.92%) was more common than oesophageal candidiasis (5.35%). Conclusion: The study findings indicate that immediate and strong action needs to be taken and guidelines and strategies to tackle the HIV AIDS problems are required and should be equally implemented to achieve a decline in the rate of prevalence of HIV. Key words: HIV, AIDS, Opportunistic infection, Tuberculosis doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i3.1708 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 3, Issue 23, 335-339

Stigma, Discrimination, and Ostracization: HIV/AIDS Infection in Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesola O. Oyelese
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

The AIDS epidemic continues and HIV-infected persons continue to suffer stigmatization and discrimination in Nigeria. The results of an open-ended questionnaire administered non-randomly in Ile-Ife and Ilesa in the late 1990s confirm this. Six questions on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were asked; 83 (36.4%) males and 145 (63.6%) females aged between 11 and 60 years responded. The respondents included 101 students, 49 civil servants, 39 artisans and traders. Others included 29 health professionals (doctors and nurses, etc.), 8 teachers, and 2 commercial sex workers. The median of negative responses (rejection) is 42.2%. It is concluded that there still exists a significant but suppressed or subtle stigmatization and discrimination against HIV-infected people, a major constraint in the management and control of HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Karakteristik pasien, jenis terapi, dan tingkat imunosupresi hasil terapi pada wanita penderita HIV/AIDS dengan kandidiasis oralPatient characteristics, type of therapy, and immunosuppression level of therapy outcomes in HIV/AIDS female patients with oral candidiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
An Nisaa Mardhatillah ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati ◽  
Irna Sufiawati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Pendahuluan: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menyerang sel darah putih dan menyebabkan kumpulan gejala klinis yang disebut Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV/AIDS menjadi faktor predisposisi infeksi kandidiasis oral. Ketidakadilan gender serta minimnya pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan hak seksualitas menyebabkan kerentanan penularan infeksi HIV/AIDS terhadap wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien, jenis terapi, dan tingkat imunosupresi pada wanita penderita HIV/AIDS dengan kandidiasis oral. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien HIV/AIDS tahun 2013-2017, dengan kriteria inklusi wanita penderita kandidiasis oral,  terapi ARV, tingkat imunosupresi. berdasarkan jumlah sel T CD4. Kriteria eksklusi adalah penderita yang berhenti mengikuti penelitian sebelum selesai. Hasil: Terdapat 116 dari 328 (35%) pasien wanita penderita HIV/AIDS mengalami kandidiasis oral. Kelompok sosial mayoritas adalah ibu rumah tangga. Sejumlah 83 dari 84 sampel (99%) berada pada tingkat imunosupresi berat sebelum penerapan ARV. Jumlah wanita HIV/AIDS dengan kandidiasis oral terbanyak yaitu pada usia 20-30 tahun (44%), 68% berstatus ibu rumah tangga (atau tidak bekerja), dengan pendidikan terakhir mayoritas Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) sebanyak 53%, dan sebanyak 68% status pernikahannya menikah atau memiliki pasangan tetap. Simpulan: Sebagian besar wanita penderita HIV/AIDS mengalami infeksi oportunistik kandidiasis oral. Karakteristik wanita penderita HIV/AIDS adalah mayoritas berusia 20-30 tahun, memiliki tingkat pendidikan SMA, berasal dari kalangan ibu rumah tangga / tidak memiliki pekerjaan, dan memiliki status menikah atau memiliki pasangan tetap. Jenis terapi yang banyak diberikan adalah terapi ARV lini pertama. Tingkat imunosupresi pada wanita penderita HIV/AIDS dengan kandidiasis oral yang diberikan terapi ARV mayoritas masuk ke dalam kategori tingkat imunosupresi sedang.Kata kunci: Wanita, kandidiasis oral, HIV/AIDS. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks white blood cells and causes several clinical symptoms called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV/AIDS is a predisposing factor for oral candidiasis infection. Gender inequality and lack of knowledge regarding reproductive health and sexuality rights lead to the vulnerability of HIV/AIDS infection in women. This study was aimed to determine the patient characteristics, type of therapy, and the immunosuppression level of therapy outcomes of the female patients with oral candidiasis. Methods: The research was descriptive using the secondary data from medical records of HIV-AIDS patients in the period of 2013-2017. Inclusion criteria were female patients with oral candidiasis, treated with ARV-type medication, immunosuppression based on the t-cell CD4 level. Results: There were 116 out of 328 (35%) HIV/AIDS female patients with oral candidiasis. The majority of the social groups were housewives. There was 83 out of 84 samples (99%) at the level of severe immunosuppression prior to the application of ARV medications. The highest number of HIV/AIDS female patients with oral candidiasis was at the age of 20-30 years (44%), 68% were housewives (or unoccupied), the majority of their last education was high school graduate (53%), and 68% of their marital status was married or had a permanent partner. Conclusion: Most HIV/AIDS female patients experience opportunistic infection (oral candidiasis). The patients’ characteristics were the majority in 20-30 years old age group, have a high school education level, homemakers / unoccupied, and have the marital status of married or had a permanent partner. The type of therapy mostly given was first-line ARV therapy. The majority of HIV / AIDS female patients with oral candidiasis who were given ARV therapy were in the moderate immunosuppression level.Keywords: Female, oral candidiasis, HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals PERMASALAHAN GENDER DALAM KASUS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS - ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HIV-AIDS) DI INDONESIA

EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avin Ainur
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Crisis Phenomenon ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p>HIV-AIDS epidemic is a global crisis phenomenon and the hardes challenges for social development, particularly for underdevelopment countries. In general, people with HIV-AIDS are adults who are at the productive age and almost half are women. The National HIV-AIDS Prevention Commission stated that the number of housewives infected by HIV continues to increase significantly every year. Conversely, the number<br />of HIV infected people from commercial sex workers decreased. This is due to HIV transmission from their husband or intimate partners who have risky behavior. This condition concern an increase in the number of cases of HIV transmission from mother to child. HIV-AIDS problems are expected immediately handled and focused on the prevention of HIV-AIDS on housewives. An attempt to strengthen human rights program on <br />women’s reproduction and improve women’s bargaining power to resist high risk sexual relations must be implemented sustainably.</p><p>HIV-AIDS merupakan fenomena krisis global dan tantangan yang berat bagi pembangunan dan kemajuan social, terutama bagi negara-negara miskin. Pada umumnya, penderita HIV-AIDS adalah orang dewasa yang berada dalam usia produktif dan hampir separuhnya adalah wanita. Komisi<br />Penanggulangan AIDS Nasional (KPAN) menyatakan bahwa jumlah ibu rumah tangga yang terinfeksi HIV di Indonesia terus meningkat secara signifikan setiap tahunnya, sebaliknya jumlah pekerja seks komersial yang terinfeksi HIV terus menurun. Hal tersebut disebabkan penularan HIV dari suami atau pasangan intim yang memiliki perilaku beresiko. Kondisi ini dikhawatirkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah kasus penularan dari ib ke anak. Permasalahan HIV diharapkan dapat segera ditangani dengan baik dan difokuskan pada pencegahan HIV-AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga. Seharusnya terus dilakukan upaya memperkuat program-program hak asasi reproduksi perempuan dan meningkatkan kekuatan menawar wanita untuk menolak hubungan seksual beresiko tinggi.</p><p><br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals The antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from HIV/AIDS patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sri Rezeki ◽  
Siti Aliyah Pradono ◽  
Gus Permana Subita ◽  
Yeva Rosana ◽  
S. Sunnati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Oral Candida ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Candida albicans was found to be dominant in patients with human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The antifungals fluconazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin were used as oral candidiasis therapy for HIV/AIDS, each of which has differing susceptibility in oral candidiasis therapy. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility and antifungal resistance to oral C. albicans in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: The subjects followed the universal precaution principles. Oral Candida species were isolated from the saliva of 98 HIV/AIDS subjects. Identification of Candida species was carried out by the mycobiotic agar of API 20 C Aux system. Susceptibility and resistance antifungal tests on the Candida species were performed using a Fungus ATB Kit. Results: Candida albicans was the most dominant species found from 98 subjects (95%). The rest were other Candida species. There are 41 subjects (42%) with a history of oral candidiasis, and 57 subjects (58%) without. The history of those who used antifungals were: nystatin = 60 subjects (61%), fluconazole = 39 subjects (40%), and ketoconazole = two subjects (2%). These antifungals have a susceptibility above 80% against C. albicans, except the nystatin group (79%) (p>0.05; 0.628), but fluconazole has a strong correlation (r=0.820) to susceptibility, susceptibility-dependent dose, and resistance. Conclusion: Candida albicans was dominant in the saliva of HIV/AIDS patients. This fungus was effectively treated by fluconazole, ketoconazole and nystatin. These antifungals had a high susceptibility at ≤ 8 μg/mL to C. albicans.

Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Hiv/Aids Di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsi NL
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah syndrom yang timbul akibat adanya virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. HIV/AIDS dapat menular melalui darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI (Air Susu Ibu). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang terletak di jalan Bung lorong 2, Kelurahan Tamalanrea, Kecamatan Tamalanrea Jaya, Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Besarnya sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 responden dari 600 populasi yang dipilih secara Total Sampling. Di mana dalam pengambilan data digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Dari keseluruhan responden didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang diteliti didapat 15 mahasiswa (50%) yang tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang HIV/AIDS dan terdapat 14 mahasiswa (46,7%) yang tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang HIV/AID dan terdapat 1 mahasiswa (3,3%) yang tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS and traditional healers: a blessing in disguise

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
B L Meel
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Herbal Decoction ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Traditional healers contribute significantly to the level of health-care systems in Africa. They could play an important role in the prevention and care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the community. The traditional healing system deals with psychosocial stress associated with HIV/AIDS as well as herbal medications. Sometimes, herbal medicine causes serious life-threatening complications. Two case reports are presented in this article. The first is a 48-year-old woman with HIV who was made to drink a large volume of a herbal decoction to stimulate vomiting in the belief that cleansing the bowel would rid the system of the disease. The second is a 25-year-old young man who had a herbal enema, which resulted in gangrene of the large bowel. The case histories, mechanism of action and causes of death are discussed.

Pengetahuan dan Sikap Wanita Pekerja Seks (WPS) dalam Upaya Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan Persuasi Penggunaan Kondom di Eks Lokalisasi Gempol Porong Kabupaten Banyuwangi Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Machria Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)  dan AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat secara global. Prevalensi HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Banyuwangi juga cukup tinggi yakni 4.557 kasus. Cara penularan HIV terbesar adalah melalui hubungan seksual (71 %). Sejumlah 18,23% orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) adalah wanita pekerja seks (WPS). Meskipun lokalisasi di Banyuwangi telah resmi ditutup pada tahun 2013, namun praktik prostitusi masih terselubung dijalankan. Hubungan seksual tanpa kondom menjadi mata rantai penyebaran HIV/AIDS di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi pengetahuan dan sikap WPS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom di eks lokalisasi Gempol Porong Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Desain penelitian adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian yaitu WPS di Eks Lokalisasi Gempol Porong berjumlah 32 orang yang diambil dengan teknik Total sampling. Pengambilan data dengan metode angket dan dianalisis statistik menggunakan SPSS 20.0 version. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa WPS yang memiliki pengetahuan rendah dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS sebanyak 56,2 %, sikap negatif sebesar 53,1% dan sebanyak 59,4% tidak melakukan persuasi penggunaan kondom. Analisis uji chi-Square menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan WPS dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom (ρ = 0,002α), serta ada hubungan antara sikap WPS dalam upaya penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom (nilai ρ = 0,000α). Variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom adalah sikap, dengan  probabilitas sikap negatif WPS sebesar 78%. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan pihak terkait guna peningkatan 100% penggunaan kondom sehingga dapat menekan angka pertumbuhan HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Banyuwangi.

Functional Activity of Alveolar and Peripheral Cells in Patients with Human Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Pulmonary Tuberculosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Glória Bonecini-Almeida ◽  
Eduardo Werneck-Barroso ◽  
Paula Baptista Carvalho ◽  
Cristina Pereira de Moura ◽  
Elisabete Ferreira Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Cells

scholarly journals Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Socioeconomic Factors in Sub-Saharan Africa

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuman Sun ◽  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Huiguo Zhang ◽  
Haijun Jiang ◽  
Xijian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Sub-Saharan Africa has been the epicenter of the outbreak since the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began to be prevalent. This article proposes several regression models to investigate the relationships between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and socioeconomic factors (the gross domestic product per capita, and population density) in ten countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, for 2011–2016. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the unknown parameters of these models along with the Newton–Raphson procedure and Fisher scoring algorithm. Comparing these regression models, there exist significant spatiotemporal non-stationarity and auto-correlations between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and two socioeconomic factors. Based on the empirical results, we suggest that the geographically and temporally weighted Poisson autoregressive (GTWPAR) model is more suitable than other models, and has the better fitting results.

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