scholarly journals Prevalence and Spectrum of Fetal Congenital Anomalies: A Hospital Based Study from Mid-Western Part of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Gopal Prasad Khanal ◽  
Prakash Sharma ◽  
Prakash Kayastha ◽  
Anju Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
Conjoined Twins ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: To estimate the prevalence and pattern of congenital anomalies through obstetric ultrasound on pregnant women visiting Rapti sub-regional hospital, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 10,380 pregnant women visiting Radiology department of Rapti sub-regional hospital from January 2016 to July 2017. The findings of transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) performed by Radiologist and information regarding women’sage and gestational age were recorded. The images of any significant cases were also saved. Data wereanalyzed based on study objectives using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, rangeand standard deviation. The classification of the malformation was done based on the anatomical system. Results: Out of 10,380 ultrasound performed during the study period, 106 (1.02%) pregnant women presented with different congenital anomalies. The antenatal prevalence of congenital anomalies was 10.21 per 1000 pregnant women. The mean maternal age was 25.9 ± 4.80 years. Regarding gestation age, 87 (82.1%) anomalies were detected at second trimester of pregnancy. Most commonly involved body system was central nervous system 51 (48.1%), followed by cardiovascular system 12 (11.3%), musculoskeletal system 10 (9.4%), gastrointestinal system 5 (4.7%), respiratory system 5 (4.7%), genitourinary system 4 (3.8%). Other anomalies were cystic hygroma 9 (8.4%), hydrops fetalis 4 (3.8%), cleft lip 3 (2.8%), pelvic cystic lesion 2 (1.8%) and conjoined twins 1 (0.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital anomalies is high in mid-western part of Nepal.  Central nervous system anomalies were more common than other anomalies.

scholarly journals Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system: prevalence in a fetal medicine service in the Brazilian Midwest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Leão de Moraes ◽  
Fernanda Sardinha de Abreu Tacon ◽  
Andréa de Faria Rezende Matos ◽  
Natália Cruz e Melo ◽  
Michelle Hermínia Mesquita de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Medicine Service ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Cns Anomalies

Introduction: Approximately 21% of congenital anomalies (CA) involve the Central Nervous System (CNS), constituting one of the most common birth defects, affecting 1 to 10: 1,000 of live births. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of CNS anomalies diagnosed by obstetric ultrasound. Methods: Prospective longitudinal cohort study carried out in a public fetal medicine service in Goiânia with pregnant women who were attended in high-risk prenatal care. The patients were followed up during the ultrasound exams from March 2018 to March 2019. Results: 225 cases of pregnant women with ultrasound diagnoses of CA were surveyed during the investigated period. CNS anomalies were the most prevalent, being present in 34.22% (77/225) of the cases. The mean maternal age of pregnant women was 25.55 years and mean gestational age was 28.84 weeks. Hydrocephalus was identified in 23 pregnant women (29.87%), being the most prevalent CNS anomalie. Anencephaly was present in 24.68% (19/77) and holoprosencephaly in 18.18% (14/77). Other CA were also diagnosed (21/77), such as meningocele, spina bifida, acrania, among others. However, they showed a lower prevalence in relation to hydrocephalus, anencephaly and holoprosencephaly. Conclusion: The findings are essential for the planning and allocation of hospital resources and investment in health. Besides that, to adequate and specific prenatal care, is indispensable in the search for reducing the incidence of these malformations, morbidity and improving survival rates of the affected population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in Polyhydramnios: A hospital based study from Western Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Subita Lalchan ◽  
Prakash Sharma ◽  
Sangeeta Devi Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Polyhydramnios is excessive amount of amniotic fluid in relation to gestational age. It is frequently associated with congenital anomalies of the fetus. The aim of this study was to see the prevalence of congenital anomalies in polyhydramnios.Methods: Singleton pregnant irrespective of gestational age with amniotic fluid index more than 25 were included in the study. Degree of polyhydramnios was graded as mild, moderate and severe. Detail study of fetus was done for possible congenital anomalies. Congenital anomalies were confirmed with post-natal findings.Results: There were 39 pregnant women with amniotic fluid index (AFI) > 25 cm. Prevalence of polyhydramnios was 0.3%. Congenital anomalies were present in 31.6 % of pregnant women with polyhydramnios. In pregnant women with severe polyhydramnios; 66.6 % had congenital anomalies. Central nervous system, gastrointestinal and skeletal anomalies were the frequent anomalies associated with polyhydramnios.Conclusion: Polyhydramnios is associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies hence a detail survey of fetus should be done for possible congenital anomalies.

scholarly journals Congenital anomalies in antenatal ultrasound scan at a tertiary care teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Shreejana Shrestha ◽  
Yogita Dwa ◽  
Pooja Jaiswal ◽  
Binod Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antenatal Ultrasound ◽  
Previous Child ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introductions: Early detection of congenital fetal anomalies by ultrasonography (USG) helps to identify the severity and termination of pregnancy in severe cases. Anomalies cause significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim of this study was to analyse real-time USG detection of prenatal anomalies. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of fetal anomalies detected during 2nd and 3rd trimester antenatal USG scan done from 2011 to 2015, in Patan Hospital. Age of mother, parity, gestational age when anomalies detected and, anomalies of previous child, use of folic acid were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done. Results: There were 35,571 deliveries in four years period with 134 (0.37%) congenital anomalies, 99 (79.2%) detected during antenatal USG during 2nd and 3rd trimester. Among 99 anomalies, 29 (29.29%) were detected before 22 weeks. Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies were 47, gastrointestinal 23, renal 12, skin and fetal compartment 8 and rest were less common. Young mothers of less than 30 years were 109 (81.34%) and primi were 85 (63.4%). Conclusions: Antenatal ultrasound can detect fetal anomalies in 2nd and 3rd trimester with higher frequencies belonging to the central nervous system followed by gastrointestinal tract anomalies and renal.

scholarly journals Congenital anomalies: Occurrence and potential risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Ivan Pavlovic ◽  
Darko Plecas ◽  
Snezana Plesinac ◽  
Jelena Dotlic ◽  
Nemanja Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetal Malformations

Background/Aim: Congenital malformations still represent one of the most important causes of prenatal and infant death. The study goal was to analyze occurrence and outcomes of different types of congenital anomalies from the tertiary referral center during a ten-year period. Moreover, study aimed at examining potential predictors of congenital anomalies based on patients? characteristics and medical history data. Methods: Study included all pregnant women directed to Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Center of Serbia due to prenatally diagnosed congenital fetal anomalies during past ten years. Upon admission to our clinic a detailed general medical and obstetrical history were taken from every patient. All women underwent genetic testing. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance were diagnostic methods for fetal malformations confirmation. Results: Study included 773 pregnant women aged from 18 to 46 years. Out of registered nine different groups of fetal anomalies/malformations, the most common were malformations of the central nervous system, while majority of fetuses had combined multiple anomalies. Genetic cause for congenital anomalies was present in 25.2% of pregnancies. Medical pregnancy abortion was performed in 71.8% of cases. Only 10.2% of pregnancies ended in term. The best outcome for children was obtained in case of gastrointestinal anomalies (52% live-born). Contrary only one child with neck and thorax malformations could be saved. According to logistic regression the most important predictor of having a child with combined multiple anomalies was mother?s age, while predictor of central nervous system anomalies was gestational diabetes. The significant predictor of genetic anomalies was mother?s age. Conclusion: In our sample neurological congenital anomalies were the most common, although abnormalities of all organ systems were registered. Majority of pregnancies had to be discontinued due to combined multiple anomalies caused by genetic disorders. Older mother?s age and diabetes can imply on the increased risk for fetal malformations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in Oligohydramnios: A Hospital Based Study in Western Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Subash K.C ◽  
Ramesh Poudel ◽  
Sagar Khadka ◽  
Ashish Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Renal Anomalies

Introduction: Amniotic fluid serves as a cushion for growing fetus. Oligohydramnios is decreased amount of amniotic fluid and is associated with increased incidence of congenital anomalies. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of congenital anomalies in oligohydramnios Methods: Singleton pregnancy irrespective of gestational age with amniotic fluid deepest vertical pocket (DVP) of less than two centimeters was included in the study. Grading of oligohydramnios was done as mild and severe. Detailed anomaly scan was done to look for any congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies were confirmed with post natal findings. Results: There were 60 pregnant women with amniotic fluid index less than two centimeters with respect to deepest vertical pocket. Congenital anomalies were detected in 18.33% pregnant women with oligohydramnios. In patients with severe oligohydramnios 33.33% had congenital anomalies. Renal anomalies were the most common anomalies in our study followed by musculoskeletal anomalies. Central nervous system, gastrointestinal and cardiac and anomalies were also common in association with oligohydramnios. Conclusion: Our study showed that various congenital anomalies are associated with oligohydramnios and incidence of anomalies increases with increased severity of oligohydramnios. Hence, detailed ultrasound scan should be done to look for congenital malformations whenever oligohydramnios is encountered.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of curly dock (Rumex crispus L., Polygonaceae) fruit extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
Tatjana Cebovic ◽  
Dunja Jakovljevic ◽  
Zoran Maksimovic ◽  
Snezana Djordjevic ◽  
Sanja Jakovljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetal Malformations

Background/Aim. Congenital malformations still represent one of the most important causes of prenatal and infant death. The study aim was to analyze occurrence, outcomes and risk factors of different types of congenital anomalies. Methods. The study included all pregnant women directed to Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade due to prenatally diagnosed congenital fetal anomalies during past ten years (January 1, 2008?December 31, 2017). Upon admission to our Clinic a detailed general medical and obstetrical history were taken from every patient. All women underwent genetic testing. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance were diagnostic methods for fetal malformations confirmation. Results. The study included 773 pregnant women aged from 18 to 46 years. Out of registered nine different groups of fetal anomalies/malformations, the most common were malformations of the central nervous system, while majority of fetuses had combined multiple anomalies. Genetic cause for congenital anomalies was present in 25.2% of pregnancies. Medical pregnancy abortion was performed in 71.8% of cases. Only 10.2% of pregnancies ended in term. The best outcome for children was obtained in case of gastrointestinal anomalies (52% live born). Contrary, only one child with neck and thorax malformations could be saved. According to logistic regression the most important predictor of having a child with combined multiple anomalies was mother?s age, while predictor of central nervous system anomalies was gestational diabetes. The significant predictor of genetic anomalies was mother?s age. Conclusion. In our sample neurological congenital anomalies were the most common, although abnormalities of all organ systems were registered. Majority of pregnancies had to be discontinued due to combined multiple anomalies caused by genetic disorders. Older mother?s age and diabetes can imply on the increased risk for fetal malformations.

Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in Newborns in Zabol: A Single Hospital Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Jahantiq ◽  
Mahta Mazaheri ◽  
Tayebeh Rabaninia ◽  
Atiyeh Javaheri ◽  
Nooshin Amjadi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Tract Abnormality

Background: Congenital anomalies are conditions of prenatal origin that are present at birth, potentially impacting an infant's health, development and survival. The birth of a newborn with congenital anomalies imposes financial and emotional burdens on families. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of congenital anomalies in 2014 in Zabol, Iran.   Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Amir Al-Momenin Hospital between May of 2013 and April 2014. All the live born were included, and we have examined all newborns for the presence of congenital anomalies.   Results: During the twelve months, 9,309 newborns were included to the study. Of them, 72 (0.8%) newborns were affected with a congenital malformation. The congenital anomalies affected significantly higher proportion of male newborns (66.7%) than female newborns (33.3%). Among of them, musculoskeletal system abnormalities account for 45.9% of the total abnormalities allocating the highest frequency to itself. Subsequently, central nervous system abnormality (19.4%), gastrointestinal anomaly (15.3%), urinary tract abnormality (9.7%), chromosomal abnormality (2.8%), and multiple anomalies (1.4%) were frequent, respectively.   Conclusion: This study showed that prevalence of congenital anomalies is restively high in Zabol city. The results of this study identify the necessity of genetic counseling and early diagnosis to prevention, care and surveillance.

scholarly journals The Spectrum of Congenital Central Nervous System Anomalies Among Stillborn: An Autopsy Based Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199016
Author(s):  
S. P. Vinutha ◽  
D. Narayanappa ◽  
G. V. Manjunath ◽  
M. S. Sujatha ◽  
M. C. Sapna Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fetal Autopsy ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Cns Anomalies

Background: Congenital central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are the structural or functional abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord that occur during the intrauterine developmental process. Purpose: The present study aims to detect the prevalence of congenital CNS anomalies among stillborn fetuses, the association between congenital anomalies and maternal factors, and also the association between autopsy and ultrasound findings. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 stillborn fetuses, obtained from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru. The fetuses were fixed in 10% formalin and autopsies were performed as per the standard fetal autopsy protocol. The congenital CNS anomalies were studied in detail. Results: CNS anomalies were the most common congenital anomalies observed. Out of the total 50 stillborn fetuses studied, CNS anomalies were found in 17 fetuses and their occurrence was more common among male stillborn than females. Meningomyelocele was the most common anomaly, followed by anencephaly. The other anomalies documented were meningocele, encephalocele, meningoencephalocele, agenesis of the corpus callosum, craniorachischisis, bifid cerebellum with hypoplastic vermis, holoprosencephaly, and sirenomelia. Fisher’s exact test showed a significant association between maternal hypothyroidism and congenital CNS anomalies ( P < .05). The autopsy confirmed the ultrasound findings in 40 (80%) fetuses. There were significant additional findings observed in seven (14%) fetal autopsies and ultrasound diagnosis completely changed in three (6%) cases, after the final autopsy procedure. Conclusion: The fetal autopsy is the single most directly evident investigation, which gives information that changes or significantly improves the clinical diagnosis. A multidisciplinary holistic approach toward pregnancy will help to detect any kind of abnormality in the fetus and thus to take a timely decision toward the management.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR PREDICTING PERINATAL HYPOXIC LESIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN NEWBORNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. . Smirnova ◽  
N. . Borzova ◽  
N. . Sotnikova ◽  
A. . Malyshkina ◽  
E. . Bojko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Perinatal lesions of the Central nervous system (CNS) in newborns occupy a leading place in the structure of perinatal morbidity and subsequent disability of children. To identify the features of the content of sRAGE in pregnant women with threatening preterm labor (UPR) in the period of 22-27 weeks, who subsequently gave birth to children with perinatal CNS lesion. Serum of venous blood of pregnant women with UPR at the term of 22-27 weeks was determined by ELISA once the content of sRAGE. If the value of sRAGE in pregnant women is 659.5 PG/ml or less, perinatal hypoxic lesions of the Central nervous system in newborns are predicted with an accuracy of 75.8% (sensitivity of 82.6%, specificity of 66.7%).

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