scholarly journals Trend in Ammonia Excretion during Acclimatization of Adult Freshwater Red Hybrid Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) X Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Different Salinities

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Pradeep ◽  
T.C. Srijaya ◽  
A. Hussain ◽  
S. Mithun ◽  
F. Shaharom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Salinity Increase

An attempt was made to study the trend in ammonia excretion by red hybrid tilapia during their acclimatization in seawater under slow and sudden conditions. Acclimatization of salinity 5 ppt showed an increase of ammonia level in water by 83.35% (7.69 mg/kg/l/day) as compared to the control group (P<0.05) whereas the value was 24.97% (10.25 mg/kg/l/day) at 10 ppt. The level of ammonia was dropped at salinity 15 ppt (5.12 mg/kg/l/day) by 50% and 25% at 20 ppt (3.84 mg/kg/l/day). The ammonia level with sudden transfer to different salinities were; 1.94, 1.38 and 2.77 mg/kg/l at 10, 20 and 30 ppt respectively, after 2 hrs of acclimatization whereas it reached to 11.11 mg/kg/l at 10 and 20 ppt within 24 hrs. All fishes were found dead within 3 hours of their sudden transfer to 30 ppt. The Results suggest that a gradual salinity increase is beneficial for acclimatizing marine tilapia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5730

scholarly journals Real-World Experience of the One-Year Efficacy of Rifaximin Add-On to Lactulose Is Superior to Lactulose Alone in Patients with Cirrhosis Complicated with Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ching Chang ◽  
Chien-Hao Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Jung Tseng ◽  
Fang-Chen Yang ◽  
Rong-Nan Chien
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Serum Ammonia

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric complication of decompensated cirrhosis, is associated with high mortality and high risk of recurrence. Rifaximin add-on to lactulose for 3 to 6 months is recommended for the prevention of recurrent episodes of HE after the second episode. However, whether the combination for more than 6 months is superior to lactulose alone in the maintenance of HE remission is less evident. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the one-year efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose for the maintenance of HE remission in Taiwan. Methods: We conducted a real-world single-center retrospective cohort study to compare the long-term efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose (group R + L) versus lactulose alone (group L, control group). Furthermore, the treatment efficacy before and after rifaximin add-on to lactulose was also analyzed. The primary endpoint of our study was time to first HE recurrence (Conn score ≥ 2). All patients were followed up every three months until death, and censored at one year if still alive. Results and Conclusions: 12 patients were enrolled in group R + L. Another 31 patients were stratified into group L. Sex, comorbidity, ammonia level, and ascites grade were matched while age, HE grade, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were adjusted in the multivariable logistic regression model. Compared with group L, significant improvement in the maintenance of HE remission and decreased episodes and days of HE-related hospitalizations were demonstrated in group R + L. The serum ammonia levels were significantly lower at the 3rd and 6th month in group 1. Concerning changes before and after rifaximin add-on in group R + L, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), episodes of hospitalization, and variceal bleeding also improved at 6 and 12 months. Days of hospitalization, serum ammonia levels also improved at 6th month. Except for concern over price, no patients discontinued rifaximin due to adverse events or complications. The above results provide evidence for the one-year use of rifaximin add-on to lactulose in reducing HE recurrence and HE-related hospitalization for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

scholarly journals TELAAH KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK ESENSIAL DALAM EMPAT JENIS MINYAK IKAN KONSUMSI DI JAWA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Indra Topik Maulana ◽  
Rizka Wulan Sari ◽  
Rinda Sri Partina ◽  
Isnaeni Nur Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Chanos Chanos

Penelitian terkait telaah kandungan asam lemak esensial dari empat jenis minyak ikan konsumsi di Jawa Barat telah selesai dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data ilmiah terkait kandungan asam lemak esensial didalam empat jenis ikan konsumsi. Bahan ikan yang digunakan adalah ikan mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus), ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus), ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy), dan ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos). Minyak dari setiap jenis ikan diekstraksi dengan metode ekstraksi sinambung. Selanjutnya minyak ditransesterifikasi menjadi FAME kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas-Spektroskopi Massa. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan mujair memiliki rendemen paling tinggi yaitu 8,57 + 0,06 % dari total bahan kering tanpa kepala dan ekor.  Ikan nila mengandung minyak paling rendah yaitu 0,28 + 0,09 %. Berdasarkan penggolongan asam lemak, Minyak ikan mujaer mengandung SFA 35,36 + 4,86 %, MUFA 31,55 + 1,79 %, PUFA 19,15 + 2,05 %. Minyak ikan bandeng mengandung SFA 38,12 + 4,86 %, MUFA 36,64 + 2,21 % dan PUFA 18,4 + 2,02 %. Minyak Ikan gurami mengandung SFA 41,65 + 2,35   %, MUFA 40,29 + 1,13 %. Minyak Ikan Nila mengandung SFA 34,11 + 1,73%, MUFA  27,47  + 2,11 %, dan PUFA 38,43 + 2,81 %. Asam lemak esensial utama yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini diantaranya adalah ARA(ω-6), EPA(ω-3), dan DHA(ω-6).

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Temperature Stress On Na+/K+-ATPase and Transcriptome Changes in Oreochromis Niloticus Gill Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Luting Wen ◽  
Xia Wu ◽  
Junqi Qin ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Material Transport

Abstract Low temperatures limit the development of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), and an increase in low-temperature tolerance would increase yields. We studied the responses of tilapia to low temperatures. The fish were labeled CK, AA, BB, and CC based on treatment (25°C, 12°C/1 h, 12°C/24 h, and 12°C/48 h, respectively) with CK being the control group. We examined the transcriptome responses and the Na+/K+-ATPase activity of gill tissue in each group. The Na+/K+-ATPase activity varied with the treatment time. Transcriptome sequencing of 12 individuals yielded 585.51 million clean reads, and at least 83.26% of the genes were mapped to the reference genome. Comparative analysis revealed 12,448 genes with significantly differential expression, including 792, 1,827, 1,924 upregulated genes and 992, 3,056, 3,857 genes downregulated for AA, BB, and CC, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated using RT-PCR for five genes. Functional annotation analysis of the DEGs identified functions associated with response to low-temperature stress. When tilapia was subjected to low-temperature stress, expression changes occurred in genes associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, metabolic pathways, cell adhesion molecules, material transport, and immunity. The founding will help understand the effects of low temperature on fish and provide a theoretical basis for the tilapia breeding industry.

scholarly journals Effect of Red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) on growth and survival of the pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in simultaneous polyculture under marine conditions//Efecto de la tilapia roja (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) en el crecimiento y supervivencia del camarón (Litopenaeus vannamei) en policultivo simultáneo bajo condiciones marinas

Biotecnia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Alejandro Mcdonal-Vera ◽  
Wilfrido M. Contreras-Sánchez ◽  
Neil J. Duncan ◽  
Kevin Fitzsimmons ◽  
Maria J. Contreras- García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Mean

In the present investigation, we evaluated if the presence of tilapia affects growth and survival of shrimp during pre-growth and grow-out phases. In both experiments, we used a random-blocks design in a single earth pond (0.75 ha) that was prepared and divided into nine (7 x 30 m) enclosures that were considered to be three blocks of three enclosures each. Each randomly stocked block consisted on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (30 shrimp/m2) and three different densities (0.0, 0.25 and 0.50 fish/m2) of red tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus) to give three different treatments with three replicates. The results from the pre-growth and grow-out experiments followed the same trend. In both cases, we found no significant statistical differences (P>0.05) in the final average weight of the shrimp. However, the experimental blocks had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the mean sample weight of shrimp. Shrimp in blocks B and C were significantly bigger than shrimp from block A (P<0.05). For both experiments, we found no effect of the presence of tilapias on survival or growth of shrimp.RESUMENEvaluamos si la presencia de tilapias libres afecta el crecimiento y la supervivencia de camarones en fase de preengorda y engorda. Para ambos experimentos, utilizamos un diseño de bloques al azar en un estanque rústico (0.75 ha) que fue preparado y dividido en nueve encierros (7 x 30 m), se formaron tres bloques con tres encierros cada uno. Cada encierro dentro de cada bloque fue aleatoriamente seleccionado para sembrar camarón blanco del Pacífico, Litopenaeus vannamei (30 camarones/m2) y tres diferentes densidades (0.0, 0.25 y 0.50 peces/m2) de híbrido de tilapia roja (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus) para formar tres tratamientos con tres réplicas. Los resultados del experimento de pre-engorda y engorda siguieron la misma tendencia. En ambos experimentos no encontramos diferencias estadísticamente en el crecimiento de los camarones ni en las tilapias. Sin embargo, los bloques experimentales presentaron diferencias significativas (P<0.05) en el peso promedio final. Los camarones de los bloques B y C fueron estadísticamente más grandes (P<0.05) que los del bloque A. Para las dos etapas de crecimiento de los camarones, no se observó un efecto de la presencia de tilapias sobre la sobrevivencia o crecimiento de los camarones.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Some Probiotic Bacteria and Their Potential Role in Improving Immune Response and Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Comparison with a Commercial Product

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mosleh M. Abomughaid
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Isolation And Identification

This work aimed to retrieve a field isolate of probiotic from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and compare the obtained results with a commercial probiotic product through experimental studies. The study was conducted on 250 Nile tilapia. Ten fish were used to isolate the probiotic strain. Two isolates showed an in vitro inhibitory effect against pathogenic A. hydrophila. The isolate with the largest zone was identified by PCR. Sixty fish were used to test the safety of a potential probiotic. One hundred and eighty fish were used in a two-month feeding experiment. Fish were divided into 3 groups, group (1): the control, group (2): fed on potential probiotics, and group (3): fed on commercial probiotic (Organic Green™). The effects of tested products on the immune response were recorded in all groups. After one and two months of feeding experiment, blood and nonspecific immune parameters were evaluated. Disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated through challenge experiment. The histopathology of the treated groups was fully recorded in comparison with the control group. The potential probiotic based on the in vitro antimicrobial activity test was identified as P. putida using routine and gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA sequencing. During the first and the second month of experiment, there was a highly significant increase in the survival percent of the experimental fish in both treated groups with probiotics. In the first phase of the experiment, a significant increase in the haematocrit values and NBT, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity was seen in all treated groups in comparison with the control. The increase in the TLC was significant in the group fed with P. putida in comparison with the control group. In the second phase, a nonsignificant increase in the hematocrit values and significant increases in the NBT and phagocytic index were seen in P. putida and organic green groups in comparison with the control group. The TLC and DLC revealed nonsignificant changes in the treated groups in comparison with the control. The RLP in the groups treated with P. putida was higher than that in those treated with organic green. Although probiotics are an important management tool in aquaculture, it should be subjected to scientific laboratory tests and field measurements.

scholarly journals Hematological parameters in Nile Tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-letal concentrations of mercury

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton Massuo Ishikawa ◽  
Maria José Tavares Ranzani-Paiva ◽  
Julio Vicente Lombardi ◽  
Cláudia Maris Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Set Up

Mercury toxicity in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (Linnaeus, 1758) was investigated by the hematological parameters after long-term (14 days) exposure to various Hg concentrations (0.02, 0.002, 0.0002mg/L Hg). Test groups were set up with three replicates for each concentration, plus the control group. Blood samples were collected from six individuals for each concentration at 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of exposure. The hematological parameters analyzed were: total red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total white blood cell count (WBC) and differential leukocyte counts and total thrombocyte count (Tr). There were no significant differences among the mean hematological values at the different Hg concentrations indicating that Hg at the concentrations studied was not toxic to tilapia.

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