scholarly journals THE IMPACT ON URBAN FABRICS OF “TOURISM-GENTRIFICATION CAUSED BY SIMPLE ACCOMMODATIONS” IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF KYOTO CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (783) ◽  
pp. 1443-1453
Author(s):  
Haruka KATO
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Kyoto City ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Appreciation of tolerance at the impact of thermal stress on photosystem ii activity in the leaves of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees of different ecological origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1(22)) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Petru Cuza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Photosystem Ii Activity ◽  
The Impact

Extreme weather events with high temperatures and strong sunlight have increased alarmingly in the last few decades, considerable affecting plant photosynthesis. In this study, the impact of thermal stress on photosystem II activity in the leaves of pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) of different ecological origin was assessed. Four days after the thermal shock application with a temperature of 50°C during 20, 40, 60 minutes, the processes of recovery on photosystem II activity in the leaves of the oak trees in the investigated provenances took place with different speed and fullness. The recovery of the functional state of photosystem II in the leaves of the trees showed that in the environmental conditions of the ,,Plaiul Fagului” reservation territory an advanced thermotolerance to the thermal stress action was specifi c for the origin from the north of the country (Edinet). The leaves of the trees of local and southern origin showed a low resistance to the thermal stress action. The advanced adaptation capacity, the high growth rate of the trees from the northern provenance suggest that the acorn harvested from the oaks of northern origin can be used for the works of extension of the afforestation areas in the central area of the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE TREND OF THE LOCATION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF CONDOMINIUMS INVESTMENT TYPE LOCATED IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF KYOTO CITY

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
Osamu OKUNO ◽  
Katsuyo UENO ◽  
Shinya KATAGATA ◽  
Akiko KOITO ◽  
Ikuko MUROSAKI
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Kyoto City

Preserved placental oxygenation and development during severe systemic hypoxia

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. R844-R851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonhard Schäffer ◽  
Johannes Vogel ◽  
Christian Breymann ◽  
Max Gassmann ◽  
Hugo H. Marti
Keyword(s):  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Tissue Hypoxia ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Systemic Hypoxia ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
The Impact

Local tissue oxygenation profoundly influences placental development. To elucidate the impact of hypoxia on cellular and molecular adaptation in vivo, pregnant mice at embryonic days 7.5–11.5 were exposed to reduced environmental oxygen (6–7% O2) for various periods of time. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α mRNA was highly expressed in the placenta, whereas HIF-2α was predominantly found in the decidua, indicating that HIF-1 is a relevant oxygen-dependent factor involved in placental development. During severe hypoxia, HIF-1α protein was strongly induced in the periphery but, however, not in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Accordingly, no indication for tissue hypoxia in this central area was detected with 2-(2-nitro-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)- N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide staining and VEGF expression as hypoxic markers. The absence of significant tissue hypoxia was reflected by preserved placental architecture and trophoblast differentiation. In the search for mechanisms preventing local hypoxia, we found upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the labyrinth layer. Inhibition of NOS activity by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester application resulted in ubiquitous placental tissue hypoxia. Our results show that placental oxygenation is preserved even during severe systemic hypoxia and imply that NOS-mediated mechanisms are involved to protect the placenta from maternal hypoxia.

Re-habitation and changes in the genetic diversity of aquatic insects in a newly restored shoal type habitat created as the result of a nature restoration project in the central basin of the Chikuma-gawa River

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-392
Author(s):  
RIE SAITO ◽  
KAZUKI SEKINÉ ◽  
KOJI TOJO
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Nature Restoration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact

The channels of almost all rivers in Japan have been fixed through the construction of artificial riverbanks to control flooding. In addition, to prevent flooding, maintenance works including the removal of gravel from the channels must be conducted regularly. As a result, the level of most riverbeds within river channels has been lowered, and riverbanks have become far steeper. These large changes to riverside environments have significantly altered the type of habitats available to plants, causing the level of vegetation growth on the riverside to increase. To improve such flood control methods, a new excavation project has commenced in the central area of the Chikuma-gawa River basin, under the auspices of the newly commissioned “Government Nature Restoration Project”. As part of this project, a large shallow environment approximately 1 km in length along the river’s course was newly created. We have attempted to evaluate the impact of this project and the subsequent environmental response, focusing on two dominant benthos, Stenopsyche marmorata and Isonychia japonica, particularly the dynamics of their genetic structure and diversity. Following the excavation of riverbanks and channels, the population density reached the same levels as at the control site, in a relatively short period of time. This is because the research site was limited to a small area within the large-scale river basin, with robust habitats located both upstream and downstream. The two target species in this study represent typical dominant species in the central basin of this river, and occur at high density. In other words, they could be transferred smoothly from the surrounding robust habitats, especially by the flow from upstream.

scholarly journals Seagrass Recovery Following Marine Heat Wave Influences Sediment Carbon Stocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian R. Aoki ◽  
Karen J. McGlathery ◽  
Patricia L. Wiberg ◽  
Matthew P. J. Oreska ◽  
Amelie C. Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Sediment Carbon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marine Heat Wave

Worldwide, seagrass meadows accumulate significant stocks of organic carbon (C), known as “blue” carbon, which can remain buried for decades to centuries. However, when seagrass meadows are disturbed, these C stocks may be remineralized, leading to significant CO2 emissions. Increasing ocean temperatures, and increasing frequency and severity of heat waves, threaten seagrass meadows and their sediment blue C. To date, no study has directly measured the impact of seagrass declines from high temperatures on sediment C stocks. Here, we use a long-term record of sediment C stocks from a 7-km2, restored eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadow to show that seagrass dieback following a single marine heat wave (MHW) led to significant losses of sediment C. Patterns of sediment C loss and re-accumulation lagged patterns of seagrass recovery. Sediment C losses were concentrated within the central area of the meadow, where sites experienced extreme shoot density declines of 90% during the MHW and net losses of 20% of sediment C over the following 3 years. However, this effect was not uniform; outer meadow sites showed little evidence of shoot declines during the MHW and had net increases of 60% of sediment C over the following 3 years. Overall, sites with higher seagrass recovery maintained 1.7x as much C compared to sites with lower recovery. Our study demonstrates that while seagrass blue C is vulnerable to MHWs, localization of seagrass loss can prevent meadow-wide C losses. Long-term (decadal and beyond) stability of seagrass blue C depends on seagrass resilience to short-term disturbance events.

scholarly journals How Does Information Overload Affect Consumers’ Online Decision Process? An Event-Related Potentials Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjing Peng ◽  
Zhicheng Xu ◽  
Haiyang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Decision Quality ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact

One of the advantages of e-retailers is their capability to provide a large amount of information to consumers. However, when the amount of information exceeds consumers’ information processing capacities, it will lead to worse decision quality and experience, causing the information overload effect. In this study, the event-related potentials (ERPs) were applied to examine the hidden neural mechanism of the impact of information overload on consumers’ decision processes. Behavioral data showed that people would spend more time making decisions when faced with information overload. Neurophysiologically, consumers would invest less attentional resources in the high amount of information (HAI) condition than those in the low amount of information (LAI) condition and lead to less positive P2 amplitudes. The HAI condition would increase decision difficulty than would the LAI condition and result in smaller P3 amplitudes. In addition, an increased late positive component (LPC) was observed for the HAI condition in contrast to the LAI condition, indicating that consumers were more inclined to have decision process regret when consumers were overloaded. We further investigated the dynamic information processing when consumers got over information overload by mining the brain’s time-varying networks. The results revealed that during the decision process and the neural response stage, the central area controlled other brain regions’ activities for the HAI condition, suggesting that people may still consider and compare other important information after the decision process when faced with information overload. In general, this study may provide neural evidence of how information overload affects consumers’ decision processes and ultimately damages decision quality.

scholarly journals Car ownership and commuting mode of the “original” residents in a high-density city center: A case study in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Haixiao Pan ◽  
Yanbo Ge
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
High Density ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Center ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

As a result of rapid urbanization and motorization in China, numerous mega-cities have emerged, and large numbers of people live and work in the city centers. Consequently, developing a public transport-oriented urban structure and promoting sustainable development are major planning strategies for the country. To understand the impact of rail transit on motorization in a high-density city center, we conduct a household travel survey in three neighborhoods around metro stations in the central area of Shanghai. We examine the car buying and commuting behavior of those Shanghai “original” residents who lived there when the city began growing, engulfing them in the center. Studies have shown that 40 percent of commuters in the city center commute outward, following a virtually reversed commute pattern, and the factors significantly affecting their car purchasing choice include their attitude toward cars and transit, household incomes, ownership of the apartments they live in, and the distance between family members’ workplaces and nearest metro stations. Despite easy access to the metro from their home in the city center, those who purchase their apartment units also likely own a car, while those who rent their apartment units are less likely to own a car; however, these odds are still higher than for those who live in an apartment unit inherited from their relatives or provided by their company. In the city center, if a family owns a car, then that car would almost certainly be used for daily commuting. A multinomial logistic model is applied to examine the factors influencing the tendency for using cars. The results show that people’s choices of commuting by alternative modes rather than cars are also shaped by their attitude toward public transportation, but other factors can also subtly change people’s commuting behavior under certain conditions. The commuting distance discourages people from walking and taking buses (but not metro). As the egress distance to the workplace increases, the metro becomes less appealing than cars. Mixed land use encourages people to walk or take buses instead of driving. Older people prefer riding buses and walking to driving, and female respondents tend to prefer walking, cycling, and riding the metro to driving compared to male respondents. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of people who are familiar with public transportation and how to encourage them to switch from driving cars to alternative transport modes.

scholarly journals On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 6971-6995 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Civitarese ◽  
M. Gačić ◽  
M. Lipizer ◽  
G. L. E. Borzelli
Keyword(s):  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Cyclonic Circulation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Analysis of 20-year time-series of the vertically averaged salinity and nutrient data in the South Adriatic shows that the two parameters are subject to strong decadal variability. In addition, nutrient and salinity variations are out of phase. Nutrients in the Ionian and in the Adriatic vary in parallel except that often the nutrient content in the Adriatic is lower than in the Ionian, a fact that has been attributed to primary producer consumption following the winter convective mixing. Horizontal distribution of the nitracline depth in the Ionian suggests that nutrient content in the Adriatic is a function of the circulation pattern in the Ionian that wells up or wells down the nitracline: cyclonic circulation causes a downwelling of the nitracline along the borders of the Northern Ionian Gyre (NIG) and a decrease in the nutrient content of the water flowing into the Adriatic across the Otranto Strait, and vice versa. The circulation variations are due to the Bimodal Oscillating System, i.e. the feedback mechanism between the Adriatic and Ionian. Inversion of the sense of the NIG results in the advection of Modified Atlantic Water or of the Levantine/Eastern Mediterranean (EMed) waters in the Adriatic. Here, we show that the presence of allochtonous organisms from Atlantic/Western Mediterranean (WMed) and EMed/temperate zone in the Adriatic are concomitant with the anticyclonic and cyclonic circulations, respectively, of the NIG. As a consequence of the NIG inversions, in the Ionian, this highly oligotrophic zone shows annual blooms in its central area only during cyclonic circulation. On the basis of the results presented, a revision of the theory of Adriatic ingressions formulated in the early 1950s is proposed.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effect of Land Use Change on Surface Runoff in a Rapidly Urbanized City: A Case Study of the Central Area of Beijing

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Hu ◽  
Yunyun Fan ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

The change in land use during the process of urbanization affects surface runoff and increases flood risk in big cities. This study investigated the impact of land use change on surface runoff in Beijing’s central area during the period of rapid urbanization from 1984 to 2019. Land use maps of 1984, 1999, 2009, and 2019 were generated by image classification of Landsat images. Surface runoffs were calculated with the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) model. Correlation analysis was used to identify the dominant factor of land use change affecting surface runoff. The result showed that the variation trend of surface runoff was consistent with the trend of impervious land in Beijing’s central area, which increased during 1984~2009 and decreased during 2009~2019. Correlation analysis showed that changes in surface runoff were most strongly correlated with changes in impervious surfaces when compared with the correlation of runoff with other types of land use. The results of this study may provide a reference for city flood control and urban planning in fast growing cities worldwide, especially in developing countries.

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