EFFECTS OF 17α-METHYLTESTOSTERONE (MT) ON THE LIVER OF MALE AND FEMALE Clarias gariepinus BROODSTOCKS AFTER WEANING OFF THE HORMONE-TREATED FEED

Fish is highly nutritious, tasty, and easily digestible. It is much sought after by a broad cross-section of the world’s population, particularly in developing countries as it provides the cheapest protein source. Nigeria is blessed with numerous inland freshwater rivers and lakes scattered all over the country. This freshwater habitat consists of many species of fish that have successfully dominated all niches over time and have for many reasons remained unstudied. The situation concealed a lot of scientific information particularly on food security and safety to the inmates and the country at large. Jega River which transcended many States in the North-Western part of Nigeria to open into the river Niger is one of such rivers largely uncared for, study-wise. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) have been wisely selected for the present proximate composition studies. The juveniles of these fishes were purchased from local fishermen in Mariner Waje landing site of the river which flows by Jega town, a local government area in Kebbi State, Nigeria. For the study, the methodology approved by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) was used to determine the proximate composition of the fishes. The highest percentage crude protein content of 49.18 ± 0.30% was observed in juvenile female C. gariepinus; while the lowest protein content of 39.22± 0.50% was observed in juvenile male T. zilli. The highest percentage lipid content of 11.75± 1.50% was observed in juvenile female tilapia; while the lowest percentage lipid content of 6.25± 0.29% was observed in male African catfish. The highest percentage fibre content of 4.00 ± 0.29% was observed in male and female C. gariepinus, while the lowest percentage fibre content of 0.75± 0.29% was observed in male tilapia. There were variations (p< 0.05) when the protein and lipid contents of both the species were compared with each other. There was also a significant difference (p< 0.05) when the carbohydrate contents were compared between the fish species, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) when the fibre content was compared within the species. The analyses showed that both the male and female fish species studied had high protein contents.

Download Full-text

Occurrence of Tetracampos ciliotheca and Proteocephalus glanduligerus in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) collected from the Vaal Dam, South Africa

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v80i1.522 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Grace Madanire-Moyo ◽

Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Standard Length ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Gill Nets ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Vaal Dam

Cestodes are parasitic flatworms that live in the digestive tract of vertebrates as adults and often in the liver, muscle, haemocoel, mesentery and brain of various animals as larval stages. To identify the cestodes infecting Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (sharptooth catfish) in the Vaal Dam, a total of 45 host specimens were collected with the aid of gill nets between October 2011, January and April 2012. The fish were sacrificed and examined for cestode parasites. Two adult cestodes, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 (prevalence 86.7%, mean intensity = 15, n = 45) and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Janicki, 1928) (prevalence 51.1%, mean intensity = 5, n = 45) were found in the intestines of the catfish. Both T. ciliotheca and P. glanduligerus are new locality records. There were statistically insignificant differences in the infection of the male and female C. gariepinu. Fish with standard length ranging from 40 cm – 54 cm (≥ 3 years) had the highest prevalence and mean intensity while those ranging from 10 cm – 24 cm (< 1 year) had the lowest prevalence and mean intensity for both cestodes. The study highlights the importance of changing feeding habits of C. gariepinus with age on the prevalence and mean intensity of the two gastrointestinal cestode parasites.

Download Full-text

Genetic parameters of reproductive traits in male and female North African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734431 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 513 ◽

pp. 734431 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Witsanu Srimai ◽

Skorn Koonawootrittriron ◽

Wiroon Manee-aphai ◽

Prapaiphan Chaivichoo ◽

Anake Phu-onnim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

African Catfish ◽

North African ◽

Male And Female

Download Full-text

Differences in growth rate and feed utilization between male and female African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/0044-8486(87)90074-3 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 63 (1-4) ◽

pp. 221-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A.M. Henken ◽

J.B. Boon ◽

B.C. Cattel ◽

H.W.J. Lobée

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

African Catfish ◽

Male And Female

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Probiotic-Fermented Feed Addition and LaserFiring to Accelerate Mature Broodstocks and Seed Productions of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.4194/trjfas19303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pungky Slamet Wisnu Kusuma ◽

Dyah Hariani ◽

Akhmad Taufiq Mukti

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Female Gonad ◽

African Catfish ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Male And Female ◽

Gonadal Maturity ◽

Fermented Feed ◽

Laser Firing

This study aimed to determine the effects of fermented feed using probiotics and laser-firing to accelerate the mature broodstocks and seed productions of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish has used male and female broodstocks of catfish. The method was used a completely randomized design with three treatments: unfermented feed as control, probiotic-fermented feed (PFF), and probioticfermented feed+laser firing (PFF+Li). In the first study, a laser-firing dose of 1.125 Joule was performed on fish broodstocks every 15 days. The gonadal maturity time of male and female broodstocks was observed. The second study, treated female broodstocks, was mated with mature male broodstocks without any prior treatments (control). Fertilization rate, hatching rate, and seed production performances such as survival rate and total length were measured. The results showed that treatment of PFF+Li has a significant effect (P<0.05) on the gonadal maturity time of males and females. This treatment reaches the fastest time to mature of the female gonad (31-41 days) and the male gonad (32-37 days) than other treatments (P<0.05). This treatment also produced the highest fertilization, hatching, and survival rates of more than 90%, respectively, and the highest seed yield of 2.1-3.0 cm size compared to other treatments (P<0.05) in African catfish.

Download Full-text

Characteristics and Structure of Freshwater Fish Farmers in Ghana: A Socio-economic Analysis

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ◽

10.9734/ajfar/2019/v4i330058 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Hayford Agbekpornu ◽

Doris Yeboah ◽

Matthew Oyih ◽

Seth Koranteng Agyakwah

Keyword(s):

Freshwater Fish ◽

Production Systems ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Local Source ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Online Data ◽

Male And Female ◽

Intensive System

This Study was undertaken in all the ten (10) administrative regions of Ghana with the aim of examining freshwater fish farmers’ characteristics and structure. Socio-economic status showing characteristics and structure are relevant and contribute towards the designing of more realistic people centered rural development programs in relation to high returns on projects and programmes. Data was collected in 2016 using a semi-structured questionnaire, loaded unto an online data collection software (Kobo Toolbox) and configured on a tablet. Results showed that the industry is male dominated. A greater percentage of the male and female respondents were in their productive years (36-65 years), highly educated (tertiary level) and married. The main occupation of most fish farmers is agriculture with an average household size of 6. A higher percentage of both sexes had none of their children involved in aquaculture. Average fish farming experience for males and females was 6 and 5 years respectively with a range of 1 to 10 years. Main production systems is pond followed by cages and the key cultured species is tilapia (Oriochromis Niloticus) with the others being catfish (Clarias gariepinus), heterotis (Heterotis niloticus) and snakehead (Barachana obscurus). A greater percentage of the respondents were involved in monoculture system. Both male and female fish farmers practiced mainly semi-intensive system for pond culture followed by intensive system of farming mainly for cage culture. The number of production cycle is mainly 1 followed by 2 in a year. Sampled farmers practiced semi-intensive, intensive and extensive systems of farming and the three main land ownership categories accessed by fish farmers were outright purchased, freehold and leasehold. Main source of funding for fish farming is self for both sexes. Both accessed their fingerlings mainly from the private sector. A greater percentage procure fish feed from local source while the three main sources of water for fish farming were rivers, streams and boreholes.

Download Full-text

Provisional clinical chemistry parameters in the African Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v79i4.265 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.G. Myburgh ◽

C.J. Botha ◽

D.G. Booyse ◽

F. Reyers

Keyword(s):

Ictalurus Punctatus ◽

Channel Catfish ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Bioindicator Species ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Male And Female ◽

Starting Point ◽

African Sharptooth Catfish

This is a reprint of Myburgh, J.G. Botha, C.J. Booyse, D.G. & Reyers, F., 2008, 'Provisional clinical chemistry parameters in the African Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus)', Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 79(4), 156-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v79i4.265:Pollution affects aquatic systems worldwide and there is an urgent need for efficient monitoring. Fish are generally sensitive to their environment and are thus considered to be valuable bioindicator species. The African Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is particularly important in this respect because of its very wide distribution. In order to use C. gariepinus as a bioindicator species its baseline clinical chemistry must be defined. Existing data are scarce, and the objective of this work was therefore to establish clinical chemistry parameters for C. gariepinus. Blood was collected from male and female catfish and a number of clinical chemistry parameters were determined. Plasma protein values, but particularly those of plasma albumin, were found to be very low, approximately half the value for dogs, but similar to the values in Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Plasma urea values in Sharptooth catfish were found to be much lower than in dogs, but only marginally lower than in Channel catfish. Plasma creatinine in Sharptooth catfish, however, was only a quarter of that of dogs and one third of that found in Channel catfish. These findings may have implications for using urea and / or creatinine as an index of renal glomerular filtration, as is done in mammals. Plasma enzyme activity ranges were much lower in Sharptooth catfish than in dogs, particularly for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). By comparison, Channel catfish have an even lower ALT activity range but an ALP range that is very similar to dogs. The implications for using these enzymes as markers for liver disease are not clear from these data, as factors such as plasma half-life and tissue distribution remain to be determined. The very low plasma thyroxine (T4) levels have important implications for laboratory personnel, who will have to set up calibration and standardisation adaptations for the methods that are generally designed for human samples. Although the sample size was too small for reliable comparisons, it appeared that there was little difference in the parameters measured between male and female fish. The values obtained are a useful starting point for using C. gariepinus as a bioindicator species.

Download Full-text

Effect of post-slaughter frozen storage on protein, lipid, moisture, calorie content and microbial development of male and female Heterobranchus longifilis and Clarias gariepinus flesh

Tropical Freshwater Biology ◽

10.4314/tfb.v21i2.2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

CO Ofor ◽

LO Ike

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Male And Female ◽

Calorie Content ◽

Microbial Development ◽

Heterobranchus Longifilis

Download Full-text

Sublethal Effects of Methanolic Extract of Raphia hookeri on the Reproductive Capacity of Clarias gariepinus

Advances in Zoology ◽

10.1155/2014/615908 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adedotun O. Afolayan ◽

Temitope I. Borokini ◽

Gloria O. Afolayan

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Pituitary Hormone ◽

Short Term ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Male And Female ◽

Raphia Hookeri ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Gravid Females

Raphia hookeri fruits are used for fishing in Nigeria due to their ichthyotoxic properties. This study investigated the toxic effects of R. hookeri on the reproductive capacity of Clarias gariepinus. The results from both short-term (96-hour test) and long-term (3-month sublethal test) bioassays revealed a linear relationship between R. hookeri extract dose and negative effects on the catfish. The percentage survival of both sexes of the catfish decreased with increasing extract concentration at short-term exposure, with LC50 values of 600 mg/L and 800 mg/L for male and female, respectively. At long-term exposure, the reproductive capacity of 10–12-month-old male and female brood-stocks diminished at relatively higher concentrations of R. hookeri fruit extract, with the gravid females producing fewer and mostly unviable eggs. The fruit extract also affected the eggs’ hatchability and fry survival when the exposed gravid females were treated with pituitary hormone and sperms from unexposed males, while the exposed males were unable to sexually stimulate female brooders. Sperms and pituitary hormone from exposed males were infertile, leading to low percentage of hatched eggs and mortality of the few hatched fries within 24 hours. These results confirmed the ethnobotanical use of this fruit extract for fishing in Nigeria.

Download Full-text

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065237 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

R. F. Bils ◽

W. F. Diller ◽

F. Huth

Keyword(s):

Latent Period ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Lung Edema ◽

X Rays ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Male And Female ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Before And After ◽

Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

Download Full-text