scholarly journals THE USE OF GREEN FERTILIZERS AS ONE OF THE ASPECTS OF GREENING OF AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. V. Rudakova ◽  
E. V. Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The reproduction of natural soil fertility is the most important direction in solving the problem of sustainable development of agriculture and the entire agro-industrial complex. The realization of this direction should be considered together with greening of agriculture. Considering greening of agriculture, the agricultural ecosystem can be divided into the components and each component can be considered separately. The main aspects of greening of agriculture are alternative systems of agriculture, non-pesticide crop cultivation technologies, binary or mixed crops, constructing of crop rotations to supply the plants with the main nutrition elements, application of green manure crops to improve soil fertility, etc. Green manure crops are the plants which are grown to improve soil fertility and they are called ‘green manure’. Green manure crops decompose in the soil much faster than other organic fertilizers thereby supplying plants with nutrition elements better. Plowed green manure improves water, air and food regimes of soil, improves its fertility and grain crop productivity.

NUTRITION BACKGROUND EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF OATS

10.12737/3816 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
Ахметзянов ◽  
Marsel Akhmetzyanov ◽  
Таланов ◽  
Ivan Talanov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Cost

Owing to the agriculture intensification increasing, unreasonably extensive use of chemicals, comprehensive mechanization, intensive tillage, together with an increase in productivity leads to noticeable undesirable results. The contamination grow, the infectiousness of fields by pests and diseases of agricultural crops increases, due to decomposition of humus, the soil fertility gradually decreases, and the quality of the products is deteriorating by the presence of hazardous compounds for health, ecological balance is disturbed environment. In this connection, so that to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop farming biologzation, namely the expansion of perennial grasses, reducing the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, the use of intermediate crops for fodder and green manure, the use of crop residues and organic fertilizers, the use of advanced tillage methods. In recent years, the study of some specific biologzation elements are held in Russia too, but without an integrated approach. An intensification of the use of biological means of soil fertility was contributed to: creation an optimum density of the addition of the soil; creation better moisture content of crops; phytosanitary condition of crops. The maximum crop productivity (4.03 tons per hectare) was obtained, when adding straw and stubbly green manure, the cost of 1 ton of grain was decreased, compared with mineral background to 281.4 rubles, the net income was higher to 1593.6 rubles per hectare, the profitability of oat production was 52.8%, against 32.5% on a mineral background.

scholarly journals Zonal features of the dynamics of humus content in soils of Chernihiv region

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
O. Grischenko ◽  
S. Romanova ◽  
V. Zapasnyi ◽  
I. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Sown Area ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The humus condition of soils of Chernihiv region has been studied. The dynamics of humus content in the soils of the region during six rounds (1986–2015) of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands is generalized and analyzed. In comparison with the 5th round (1986–1990), there was a discrepancy between the processes of stabilization and increase of humus content in most districts and in the region as a whole in the ninth round (2006–2010), and in some districts in the tenth round (2011–2015) against the background of a sharp decrease in the application of organic fertilizers. It was found that the stabilization of humus content in the soils of the region during the V–VIII rounds of agrochemical certification and a sharp increase in its content in the ninth round, against a significant reduction of organic matter, correlates with the withdrawal of eroded, low-yielding lands with low humus content (r=0.76). Analyzing the dynamics of humus content over thirty years of research,it was found that its content has increased in all climatic zones, as well as in nineteen of the twenty-two districts of the region. The increase of the indicator is in the range of 0.01–0.72%, while in all districts there is a significant reduction of the surveyed areas and only in three districts of the region there is a decrease in the humus content. According to the results of the 10th round of agrochemical certification, the soils of Chernihiv region are characterized by an average humus content of 2.41%. The highest humus content is characterized by the soils of Bakhmatsky (3.56%), Talalaivsky (3.33%) and Pryluky (3.32%) districts, and the lowest — NovgorodSiversky (1.57%). Increasing the sown area of green manure crops, plowing straw and the use of other elements of biologization of agriculture are important factors in increasing the weighted average humus content in the soils of Chernihiv region.

The impact of diversification of a rice–wheat cropping system on crop productivity and soil fertility

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. SINGH ◽  
B. B. SHARMA ◽  
B. S. DWIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Field experiments were conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 1996/97 and 1997/98. Each experiment comprised 10 crop sequences: (a) wheat–rice, (b) chickpea–rice, (c) lentil–rice, (d) pea–rice, (e) wheat–mungbean green manure–rice, (f) wheat–Sesbania green manure–rice, (g) wheat–fodder–rice, (h) chickpea–fodder–rice, (i) lentil–fodder–rice and (j) pea–fodder–rice, in a randomized block design with four replications. The crop sequences were compared in terms of economic rice equivalent yield (REY), protein production, apparent nutrient balances and effect on soil fertility status. Amongst crop sequences involving two crops each year (200% cropping intensity), chickpea–rice gave highest REY and protein production. Of the sequences involving three crops each year (300% cropping intensity), chickpea–fodder–rice and wheat–fodder–rice were superior to others. The P balances were positive for all sequences, whereas K balances were generally negative except for sequences involving green manure legumes. Green manuring with Sesbania or mungbean helped restore soil fertility, indicating the advantage of green manure for higher productivity and sustainability of rice–wheat system. Chickpea–rice and chickpea–fodder–rice appeared promising alternatives to rice–wheat crop sequence.

scholarly journals Composition and amount of nutrients entering the soil with cotton biomass and green manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3127-3129
Author(s):  
Hasanova Aynur Oruj, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Microbiological Processes

The experience of developed countries in the field of agriculture and research results show that high efficiency from mineral fertilizers can be obtained on fertile soils. That is, the soil should contain a large amount of organic substances, microelements, beneficial microorganisms, various enzymes that activate microbiological processes, normalize and optimize the nutritional, thermal and water-physical properties of the soil. This can be achieved by regularly applying crop residues and organic fertilizers to the soil. Siderata - green fertilizers - are of great importance for increasing soil fertility.

scholarly journals Agroecological effi ciency of organic fertilizers’ placement methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
A. S. Sotpa ◽  
T. F. Zharova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The results of studies on the effect of bare and green-manured fallow (melilot, peas, peas + oats), as well as methods of placing green manure crops and manure (plowed to a depth of 18–20 cm and cultivated at 8–10 cm) on the fertility and productivity of dark chestnut soil are presented. Field experiment took place in the steppe zone of the Republic of Tuva. The weather conditions during the study period were noted as characteristic for the conditions of the steppe zone: 2016 and 2017 were arid, whereas 2018 was wet. Bare fallow was more effective for the accumulation of productive moisture than green-manured one both in autumn and in spring before sowing spring wheat. In autumn, after bare fallow, the moisture content was higher by 14.7%, in spring by 32.8%. The surface placement of green manure crops contributed to a lesser desiccation of the soil. The best supply of nitrate nitrogen before sowing wheat was noted in fallow fi elds with manure and melilot (17.1-15.6 mg/kg). Methods of placing organic fertilizers did not affect the nitrate content in the soil. The yield of spring wheat was affected by preceding crops and methods of placing fertilizers. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained in the bare-fallowed fertilized fi eld, which was by 0.2–0.5 t/ha higher than with all types of bare or green-manured fallow. Deep (18–20 cm) placement of manure increased the yield of spring wheat by 0.2 t/ha (10.5%). Placement of green-manured crops on the surface made it possible, on average during the experiment, to increase this indicator by 0.1–0.3 t/ ha (7.1–20%).

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CROPS CULTIVATION FOR GRAIN-CROP ROTATION IN VOLGO-VYATSKY REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivenin ◽  
Aleksandr Sakov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Energy Coefficient

The research was carried out in order to find new technological and technical solutions that ensure the energy efficiency of agriculture, stabilization and increase in the yield of agricultural crops for the rotation of grain crop rotation in Volga-Vyatka region. The field experiment was started in 2014 in Nizhny Novgorod region. The work was carried out in grain crop rotation: 1. mustard for seeds; 2. winter wheat; 3. soy; 4. spring wheat; 5. peas; 6. oats. The experimental scheme included 5 systems of tillage (factor A), differing in the methods of the main autumn tillage. For each system of soil cultivation, the influence of mineral fertilizers and destructors of plant residues (factor B) was determined. Against the background of natural soil fertility, the most energetically payback option of the main soil cultivation system is autumn plowing with a plow with dumps (energy coefficient 2.93). The use of a plow without plows, a Pottinger Synkro 5030 K chisel cultivator and a Discover XM 44660 nothad disc harrow in a soil cultivation system leads to a decrease in the energy coefficient to 2.84 ... 2.85; and the use of no-till technology - up to 1.88. Against the background of natural soil fertility, the greatest energy return was provided by systems with fall plowing, carried out both with a plow with dumps and without them, as well as with disking as the main soil cultivation in combination with the use of the biological product Stimix®Niva - energy coefficients were in the range of 3 , 03 ... 3.31. When using no-till technology, the highest value of this indicator was noted when N60P60K60 was applied separately (2.27) and together with the biological product Stimix®Niva (2.53). The maximum energy return in the experiment was recorded in the variant with the main tillage of the soil with a Pottinger chisel cultivator against the background of N60P60K60 together with the biological product Stimix®Niva - the average energy coefficient was 3.45

scholarly journals Fertilizer application enhances establishment of cacao seedlings in plant-parasitic nematodes infected soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Samuel Bukola ORISAJO ◽  
Kayode Babatunde ADEJOBI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Plant Parasitic

<p>Low soil fertility, pests and diseases are major problems of growth and establishment of cacao seedlings on the field. Cocoa production increases by new plantings and rehabilitation of moribund farms, but a build-up of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) causing dieback and declining soil fertility has discouraged many farmers, leading to a reduction in crop productivity.  In this study, the potentials of some organic wastes as fertilizers and their effects on establishment of cacao seedlings in PPN infected soils was investigated at Ibadan and Owena of Southwestern Nigeria. Goat dung (GD), organic fertilizer (OF), organo-mineral fertilizers (OMF) and NPK 15:15:15 were applied at 200, 400 and 600 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, to cacao seedlings one month after transplanting, while unfertilized served as control. Results from the experiments showed a significant increase in percentage survival of cacao seedlings under organic fertilizers at Ibadan and Owena compared to NPK and control even at the lowest rate of 200 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> 3 years after transplanting. The incorporation of GD, OF and OMF significantly reduced the population densities of PPN compared to control. Therefore, GD, OF and OMF at 200 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> are recommended for soil application to enhance the field establishment of cacao seedlings in the soil infected with PPN.</p>

scholarly journals Biologized crop rotation – the main factor for fertility increases of sod-podzolic soils and arable land productivity in the Upper Volga

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (11) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Сабир Эседуллаев ◽  
Sabir Esedullaev ◽  
Иван Мельцаев ◽  
I. Meltsaev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Upper Volga

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of biologized crop rotation with six fields by 50 %, saturated with legumes, on soil fertility and crop productivity on typical sod-podzolic light loamy soils of the Upper Volga. As a result of field experiments and laboratory studies, new data and knowledge about the effect of crop bipolarization on its productivity and the properties of sod-podzolic soil were obtained. For the first time in the region, it has been studied and established that use of legumes in the crop rotation instead of organic fertilizers partially contributes to the replenishment of the soil with organic matter and nitrogen in the form of organic residues and nodule bacteria, which leads to a decrease in the degradation of soil fertility or even to some improvement. By the end of rotation of the crop rotation when applying (NPK) 90 kg/ha compared with the control version (without NPK), in the biologized crop rotation, the humus content increased by 0.14 %, the acidity of the soil solution slightly decreased by 0.25 units, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 59 %, mobile phosphorus – by 72.8 % and exchange potassium – by 70.4 %. The density of soil compaction as a whole in a layer of 0–20 cm in occupied steam, under spring wheat and oats amounted to 1.22–1.24 g/cm3, in other crops (where treatment was not carried out for 2 years) – 1.35–1.39 g/cm3. Mineralization of flax tissue more actively occurred under clover 1st and 2nd years of use – 35.6–42.7 % and 31.0 and 37.3 % and in the employed (vetch-oat) – 26.5–34.4 %, less intensively under winter wheat – 20.9–27.5 and oats – 20.1–25.2 % and very weakly under spring wheat – 13.0–16.5 % at the control and the level of mineral nutrition, respectively. There were fewer weeds in winter wheat sowings – 84 pcs/m2, since it is more competitive with them, oats – 112 pcs, clover – 131 pcs, in a couple – 124 pcs and spring wheat – 138 pcs/m2. Productivity of crops to a greater extent was determined by the applied fertilizers. In fertilized plots, compared with the control, the productivity of the oatmeal mixture was 36.2 % higher, spring wheat – 24.4 %, clover 1st year of use – by 36.2 %, 2nd year of use – by 45.7 %, winter wheat – by 25.7 % and oats – by 30 %.

scholarly journals Влияние посевов растений-сидератов на динамику численности микроорганизмов основных эколого-трофических групп в почве виноградника

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. Volkov ◽  
N.N. Klimenko ◽  
E.P. Stranishevskaya ◽  
M.V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Для стабильной продуктивности виноградных насаждений необходимо регулярное внесение комплексных удобрений, включающих оптимальный состав элементов питания. В экологически ориентированном виноградарстве (органическом, биодинамическом и т.п.) запрещено использование минеральных легкорастворимых удобрений. При этом для оптимизации питания виноградных насаждений применяют навоз в виде компоста, измельчённые природные минералы, продукты переработки мяса, рыбы и прочие вещества естественного происхождения, а также растения-сидераты. Использование сидератов является альтернативой применению дорогостоящих органических удобрений. В статье представлены результаты исследования влияния посевов растений-сидератов и их смесей на динамику численности микроорганизмов основных эколого-трофических групп в почве виноградника. В качестве сидератов были высеяны: донник жёлтый (Melilotus officinalis), рожь посевная (Secаle cereаle), горчица белая (Sinаpis аlba), гречиха посевная (Fagopуrum esculеntum), эспарцет виколистный (Onobrychis viciifolia), вико-овсяная смесь (Vicia sativa Avеna sativa). В результате проведения исследования было показано, что почва виноградника при использовании сидератов отличается большой численностью бактерий основных эколого-трофических групп микроорганизмов, отвечающих за трансформацию органического вещества почвы. На всех вариантах с задернением междурядий, численность микроорганизмов основных эколого-трофических групп была существенно выше, чем на варианте с внесением навоза и контроле, что может свидетельствовать о преимуществе использования сидератов перед внесением в почву дорогостоящих органических удобрений. Наибольшая численность бактерий-аммонификаторов, отвечающих за разложение белковых соединений растительных и животных остатков в почве, была отмечена на фоне горчицы и эспарцета. Наибольшая численность фосфатмобилизующих бактерий, способных растворять труднодоступные для растений соединения фосфора, зафиксирована на фоне посевов ржи и горчицы. Задернение междурядий растениями ржи и гречихи максимально стимулировало рост численности бактерий-олигонитрофилов в почве. Для оценки особенностей взаимоотношений различных групп почвенных микроорганизмов, участвующих в общем процессе разложения органического вещества почвы, были рассчитаны эколого-трофические индексы: коэффициент минерализации-иммобилизации азота, индекс олиготрофности и индекс педотрофности.Sustainable productivity of vineyard plantations requires regular application of complex fertilizers, including the optimal mix of fertilizing elements. The use of readily-soluble mineral fertilizers in organic viticulture (organic bio-dynamic agriculture etc.) is prohibited. At the same time, farmers use manure in the form of compost, ground natural minerals, residue products after meet and fish processing and other substances of natural origin, including green manure crops, to optimize nutrition of the grapevine plantations. Application of green manure crops is an alternative to expensive organic fertilizers. The paper summarizes research findings on the influence of green manure crops and their mixtures on the development of micro-organisms of major ecological and trophic groups in the soil of a vineyard. The following plants were sown as green manure crops: melilot (Melilotus officinalis), rye (Secаle cereаle), white mustard (Sinаpis аlba), common buckwheat (Fagopуrum esculеntum), common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), common vetch and oat mix (Vicia sativa Avеna sativa). Research results demonstrated that green manure increased the population of essential ecologic and trophic groups of microorganisms responsible for the transformation of soil organic matter in the soil of the vineyards. In all variants with swarding of the inter-row spacing, the number of micro-organisms of major ecologic and trophic groups significantly exceeded the control variant with animal manure, which could serve as an indication of the preferred use of green manure as compared to expensive organic fertilizers. The highest population of amonifiers responsible for decomposition of albuminous compounds of crop and animal residues in the soil was observed with mustard and sainfoin. The highest number of phosphate mobilizing bacteria capable of dissolving not easily accessible to plants phosphorus compounds was registered with rye and mustard. Swarding of inter-row spacing with rye and buckwheat boosted oligonitrophilic bacteria growth in the soil. In order to assess peculiarities of inter-relations among various groups of soil microorganisms participating in the general decomposition process of organic matter in the soil, the ecologic and trophic indices were calculated to include: nitrogen mineralization-immobilization coefficient, oligotrophicity index and pedotrophicity index.

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