scholarly journals Agroecological effi ciency of organic fertilizers’ placement methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
A. S. Sotpa ◽  
T. F. Zharova

The results of studies on the effect of bare and green-manured fallow (melilot, peas, peas + oats), as well as methods of placing green manure crops and manure (plowed to a depth of 18–20 cm and cultivated at 8–10 cm) on the fertility and productivity of dark chestnut soil are presented. Field experiment took place in the steppe zone of the Republic of Tuva. The weather conditions during the study period were noted as characteristic for the conditions of the steppe zone: 2016 and 2017 were arid, whereas 2018 was wet. Bare fallow was more effective for the accumulation of productive moisture than green-manured one both in autumn and in spring before sowing spring wheat. In autumn, after bare fallow, the moisture content was higher by 14.7%, in spring by 32.8%. The surface placement of green manure crops contributed to a lesser desiccation of the soil. The best supply of nitrate nitrogen before sowing wheat was noted in fallow fi elds with manure and melilot (17.1-15.6 mg/kg). Methods of placing organic fertilizers did not affect the nitrate content in the soil. The yield of spring wheat was affected by preceding crops and methods of placing fertilizers. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained in the bare-fallowed fertilized fi eld, which was by 0.2–0.5 t/ha higher than with all types of bare or green-manured fallow. Deep (18–20 cm) placement of manure increased the yield of spring wheat by 0.2 t/ha (10.5%). Placement of green-manured crops on the surface made it possible, on average during the experiment, to increase this indicator by 0.1–0.3 t/ ha (7.1–20%).

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Onon Deriilaamyatav ◽  
Amarsanaa Bayar

Due to the crop monoculture system which has been 60 years continuously played in a key role in the crop sector Mongolia, soil erosion and its fertility decline have been becoming one of the main pressing issues in all crop zones. The main solution of restoration of soil fertility in the steppe zone of Mongolia is not only to reduce bare fallow but also urgently need to apply green manure in all regions. Our study has focused on identifying the appropriate timing to cultivate green manure crops in the Eastern steppe region of Mongolia and to determine the convenient alternatives of crops with a high yield of biomass to use for green manure.    We determined the most convenient time to use crop biomass for green manure is between 22-27th.July for the green manure crops cultivated on the 20th of May. For the crops cultivated on the 30th of May green manure time can be determined between 2-6th. August and for the crops cultivated on the 10th of June the convenient time would be between 10-13th.August.   We prioritized the best option of the crop alternatives based on the 3 years average yield of green mass and concluded that field pea and oat mixture, Sudan grass, and fodder pea mixture can be one of the convenient options for green manure in the steppe zone of Mongolia. According to our study results, convenient alternatives with the highest root mass were yellow clover (27.5-60.5c/ha) and white lupine (27.5-61.4c/ha).  In terms of biomass, the convenient alternatives with the highest biomass were the following crops planted on the 20th of May such as mixture of field pea and oat (82.5-112.2c/ha), fodder pea and Sudan grass (67.4-97.0c/ha), as well as Sudan grass (57.1-110.0c/ha. It is considered that in the steppe zone green manure crops can be used for green manure if the biomass of the crops can exceed 40c/ha. [1] The appropriate timing of the planting period should not be later than the 30th of May.


Author(s):  
S. А. Teymurov ◽  
А. N. Yarmagomedov ◽  
А. V. Ramazanov ◽  
T. T. Babaev

The article presents the results of a field experiment on the different fertilizers effect (green manure, manure, straw, mineral fertilizers) on the soil agrochemical properties under the Terek-Sulak plain of the Republic of Dagestan irrigation conditions. At the experimental Kirov station, of the Khasavyurt District on a total area of 1505 m2 in 2015-2019 were studied the content of the main nutrients in cattle manure, the phytomass of green manure crops and the dynamics of fertilizers for nutrients in the arable layer. Green manure crops (seed peas, spring rape, and amaranth) were sown during the stubble period after harvesting winter wheat. The plowing under of green manures herbage was carried out in the initial phase of budding, winter wheat straw – 2 t / ha, cattle manure – 30 t / ha, mineral fertilizers – N150P75K75. Then water-charging irrigation was used 1000-1200 m3 / ha. Soil studies revealed that in the areas of the experiment where the sowing peas grew, nitrate nitrogen for the entire growing season next year contained 37.8-54.1 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus under crops of spring grain crops – 33.0-34.84 mg / kg of soil was noted in spring and to autumn its amount in the topsoil was gradually decreased (23.5-24.9 mg / kg). The exchangeable potassium amount in the meadow chestnut soil (control without fertilizers) was varied slightly. The manure application by its positive effect on the specified soil regime approaches to the spring rape and amaranth green mass plowing under. The most favorable soil regime under irrigated conditions were formed during plowing of the sowing peas green mass.


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lamazhap ◽  
A. G. Lipshin

The results of the research (2016–2018) into variability of characteristics of spring barley with the purpose of obtaining the most resistant varieties are presented. The study was conducted in the crop rotation in the breeding nursery of competitive variety testing in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Tuva. It was preceded by bare fallow and repeated four times. The soil was dark chestnut, light loamy. The area of the plot registered for the study was 28 m2. Testing, phenological observations, crop records and data processing were carried out in accordance with the approved methodological guidelines. The weather conditions for moisture availability and the average daily temperature regime during the study period varied signifi cantly:  in 2016, 2018, which was excessively wet, HTC (hydrothermal coeffcient) was 1.65, 1.90, in moderately humid 2017 HTC equaled 1.36. This made it possible to reliably identify more adapted biotypes of spring barley. In the Republic of Tuva, the yield of spring barley largely depends on the adaptive properties of cultivated varieties and the implementation of the main parameters of the yield structure: the number of productive stems, pieces/m2 (r = 0.726 ± 0.01 ... 0.960 ± 0.266); the mass of 1000 grains, g (r = 0.648 ± 0.179 ... 0.883 ± 0.245). An increase in the number of grains in an ear negatively affects crop yields (r = 0.212 ± 0.058 ... – 0.457 ± 0.126). From the samples of spring barley of Siberian breeding work that were studied in the research, the following samples were identifi ed for further breeding for productivity (L 19-101, U 50-3808, U 49-3795); a large number of productive stems (Acha, L 19-101, U 49-3795, U 50-3808); high mass of 1000 grains (Acha, L 19-101, U 50-3808, U 49-3795). These varieties should be included in the cross-breeding adaptive program on the territory of the Republic of Tuva.


2021 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
М.Ш. Шабанова ◽  
Д.С. Магомедова ◽  
С.А. Курбанов

Приведены результаты влияния режимов капельного орошения и норм органоминеральных удобрений на продуктивность баклажана при выращивании в сухостепной зоне Терско-Сулакской низменности Республики Дагестан. Цель исследований – разработка приемов агротехники возделывания баклажана, обеспечивающих при уровне предполивной влажности почвы в диапазоне 80–100% НВ и расчетном режиме орошения получение планируемой урожайности не менее 60 т/га высококачественных плодов. Объект исследований – среднеранний сорт баклажана Алмаз. Двухфакторный полевой опыт проводили в 2013–2015 годах на зональных лугово-каштановых среднесуглинистых почвах ОАО «Учебно-опытное хозяйство» (Кировский район Республики Дагестан). Почвы опытного участка характеризовались невысоким содержанием гумуса – 1,9%, средней обеспеченностью легкогидролизуемым азотом – 49 мг/кг почвы, низкой обеспеченностью подвижным фосфором – 15 мг/кг и средней обеспеченностью обменным калием – 207 мг/кг почвы. Агрофизические показатели плодородия орошаемой почвы: объемная масса корнеобитаемого слоя – 1,25 т/м3, наименьшая влагоемкость – 17,9%. В качестве органических удобрений использовали полуперепревший навоз, из минеральных удобрений – аммиачную селитру и мочевину, двойной суперфосфат и хлористый калий. Все анализы, учеты и наблюдения проводили в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Установлено, что возрастание нижнего порога влажности почвы и применение удобрений способствуют повышению эффективности использования оросительной воды в 2,5 раза, усилению фотосинтетической деятельности и, в частности, повышению КПД ФАР до 1,2%. Наилучшее сочетание урожаеобразующих факторов – поддержание в течение вегетации нижнего порога влажности корнеобитаемого слоя почвы не ниже 80 и 90% НВ на фоне 40 т/га навоза + N320P120K210. 24–66 поливов в течение вегетации баклажана (в зависимости от погодных условий и порога влажности) поливными нормами 146 и 73 м3/га соответственно, внесение под вспашку 40 т/га навоза и половинной нормы минеральных удобрений с тремя азотными подкормками обеспечивают наибольшую урожайность плодов – 62,3–63,6 т/га. The results of the influence of drip irrigation regimes and organic mineral fertilizers on the productivity of eggplant when grown in the dry-steppe zone of the Tersko-Sulak lowland of the Republic of Dagestan are presented. The purpose of the research is to develop methods of agricultural techniques for eggplant cultivation, which ensure that the planned yield of at least 60 t/ha of high-quality fruits is obtained at the level of pre-irrigation soil moisture in the range of 80–100% WC and the calculated irrigation regime. The object of research is the medium-early variety of eggplant Almaz. A two-factor field experiment was conducted in 2013–2015 on zonal meadow-chestnut medium-loamy soils of JSC Educational and Experimental Farm (Kirovsky district of the Republic of Dagestan). The soils of the experimental site were characterized by a low humus content – 1.9%, an average supply of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen – 49 mg/kg of soil, a low supply of mobile phosphorus – 15 mg/kg and an average supply of exchangeable potassium – 207 mg/kg of soil. Agrophysical indicators of the fertility of the irrigated soil: the volume mass of the root layer – 1.25 t/m3, the lowest moisture capacity – 17.9%. As organic fertilizers, semi-rotted manure was used, from mineral fertilizers – ammonium nitrate and urea, double superphosphate and potassium chloride. All analyses, records and observations were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. It was found that the increase in the lower threshold of soil moisture and the use of fertilizers contribute to an increase in the efficiency of irrigation water use by 2.5 times, an increase in photosynthetic activity, and, in particular, an increase in the efficiency of headlights up to 1.2%. The best combination of crop-forming factors is to maintain the lower moisture threshold of the root layer of the soil during the growing season at least 80 and 90% WC against the background of 40 t/ha of manure + N320P120K210. During the growing season of eggplant, 24–66 waterings (depending on weather conditions and humidity threshold) with irrigation rates of 146 and 73 m3/ha, respectively, and the introduction of 40 t/ha of manure and half the rate of mineral fertilizers with three nitrogen fertilizations, provides the highest fruit yield – 62.3–63.6 t/ha.


2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Elmira Mirza Aga Vekilova ◽  

In the Lankaran region of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the effect of manure, compost in two doses - 10 and 30 t/ha and green mass of green manure 30 t/ha were tested under tea culture. Studies have shown the beneficial effect of these fertilizers on the dynamics of phosphorus and potassium in yellow-podzolic soil. The best results were found when applying higher doses of these fertilizers. It should also be noted that the preparation from waste and the use of environmentally friendly organic fertilizers is of great importance, which plays an important role in protecting the environment from pollution. Key words: organic fertilizers, phosphorus, potassium, tea culture


2021 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
O. Grischenko ◽  
S. Romanova ◽  
V. Zapasnyi ◽  
I. Shabanova

The humus condition of soils of Chernihiv region has been studied. The dynamics of humus content in the soils of the region during six rounds (1986–2015) of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands is generalized and analyzed. In comparison with the 5th round (1986–1990), there was a discrepancy between the processes of stabilization and increase of humus content in most districts and in the region as a whole in the ninth round (2006–2010), and in some districts in the tenth round (2011–2015) against the background of a sharp decrease in the application of organic fertilizers. It was found that the stabilization of humus content in the soils of the region during the V–VIII rounds of agrochemical certification and a sharp increase in its content in the ninth round, against a significant reduction of organic matter, correlates with the withdrawal of eroded, low-yielding lands with low humus content (r=0.76). Analyzing the dynamics of humus content over thirty years of research,it was found that its content has increased in all climatic zones, as well as in nineteen of the twenty-two districts of the region. The increase of the indicator is in the range of 0.01–0.72%, while in all districts there is a significant reduction of the surveyed areas and only in three districts of the region there is a decrease in the humus content. According to the results of the 10th round of agrochemical certification, the soils of Chernihiv region are characterized by an average humus content of 2.41%. The highest humus content is characterized by the soils of Bakhmatsky (3.56%), Talalaivsky (3.33%) and Pryluky (3.32%) districts, and the lowest — NovgorodSiversky (1.57%). Increasing the sown area of green manure crops, plowing straw and the use of other elements of biologization of agriculture are important factors in increasing the weighted average humus content in the soils of Chernihiv region.


10.12737/7743 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Давлятшин ◽  
Ilfrit Davlyatshin ◽  
Лукманов ◽  
Anas Lukmanov ◽  
Аввакумов ◽  
...  

The article examines the possibility of forecasting the spring wheat the productivity according to the content of mobile forms of phosphorus, potassium, applied amount of mineral and organic fertilizers. Deviation of the projected yield from actual comes to 31%, and the forecasting yield of the moving average drops to 4.6%. During the observation period the spring wheat productivity increased from 11.6 to 18.7 kilogram per hectare, an increase was 7.1 tons per hectare with an average yield of 17.4 tons per hectare. The productivity of spring wheat exhibits a very unstable value, which is evidenced by the high variation coefficient - 43.3%. There is a positive correlation between security soil by phosphorus, potassium and spring wheat yield. It is positive according to phosphorus for the actual and derivative wheat yield, the higher rates of coefficients was according U11. Potassium also has a positive association with yield. However, the correlation coefficients of potassium are higher (0.57-0.0.94), than of phosphorus (0.50-0.84). This fact suggests, that potassium in macroelement is more scarce, than phosphorus. Apparently, this feature of mobile potassium is manifested by solubility characteristics of the potassium compounds in aqueous medium, despite a sufficient amount of its gross shapes in soils. Studies prove once again, that the basis of of productivity formation is security by nutrient macroelements and peculiarities of economic activities. In addition to more accurately actual spring wheat yield it is necessary to attract agro-climatic indicators. The projections data are also a good tool for assessing the economic activity of individual districts, regions, and land users of different levels.


10.12737/7742 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Глушко ◽  
Sergey Glushko ◽  
Галиуллин ◽  
Ilfir Galiullin

The article examines the possibility of forecasting the spring wheat the productivity according to the content of mobile forms of phosphorus, potassium, applied amount of mineral and organic fertilizers. Deviation of the projected yield from actual comes to 31%, and the forecasting yield of the moving average drops to 4.6%. During the observation period the spring wheat productivity increased from 11.6 to 18.7 kilogram per hectare, an increase was 7.1 tons per hectare with an average yield of 17.4 tons per hectare. The productivity of spring wheat exhibits a very unstable value, which is evidenced by the high variation coefficient - 43.3%. There is a positive correlation between security soil by phosphorus, potassium and spring wheat yield. It is positive according to phosphorus for the actual and derivative wheat yield, the higher rates of coefficients was according U11. Potassium also has a positive association with yield. However, the correlation coefficients of potassium are higher (0.57-0.0.94), than of phosphorus (0.50-0.84). This fact suggests, that potassium in macroelement is more scarce, than phosphorus. Apparently, this feature of mobile potassium is manifested by solubility characteristics of the potassium compounds in aqueous medium, despite a sufficient amount of its gross shapes in soils. Studies prove once again, that the basis of of productivity formation is security by nutrient macroelements and peculiarities of economic activities. In addition to more accurately actual spring wheat yield it is necessary to attract agro-climatic indicators. The projections data are also a good tool for assessing the economic activity of individual districts, regions, and land users of different levels.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Egor Chebochakov ◽  
Valeriy Murtaev

Research was conducted with the aim of developing technology for the development of fallow lands in the south of Central Siberia. The work was carried out in 2012-2015 on chestnut soil (experiment 1) and southern chernozem (experiment 2) in the Republic of Khakassia. The humus content in the 0 ... 20 cm layer of chestnut soil is 2.67%, N-NO3 is 20.1 ... 22.4 mg/kg, P2O5 and K2O (according to Machigin) are 23.5 and 328 mg/kg, respectively, in southern chernozem - respectively 4.5%, 16.6 ... 19.2, 19.3 and 720 mg/kg. The experimental designs provided for various combinations of mechanical tillage and spraying with herbicides of fallow plots, performed at different times, in the year preceding the sowing of crops. In technologies using herbicides in August, the amount of conditional stubble in spring was 60 pcs/m2 more, and erosion was 1.7 ... 2.5 times lower than in versions with flat cutting. The dumping of chestnut soil increases the yield of green mass of oats, compared with flat-cut, by 2.5 t/ha (24.5%), corn - by 4.0 t/ha (31.2%). In the southern chernozem, the technology with plowing ensured the formation of 5.7 t/ha of green mass of oats, which is 0.5 t/ha (8.8%) more than during flat cutting. In general, in the steppe zone of Central Siberia, the use of plowing in the technology for the development of fallow lands increases their productivity, while the greatest protection of the soil from erosion is provided by replacing its mechanical treatment in August with spraying with herbicides


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