Highway Bridge Seismic Design: How Current Research May Affect Future Design Practice

2000 ◽  
Vol 1696 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Ian M. Friedland ◽  
Ronald L. Mayes ◽  
W. Phillip Yen ◽  
John O’Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
The Impact

Under several contracts sponsored by FHWA, the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research has been conducting a research program on highway structure seismic design and construction. Among its objectives, the program studies the seismic vulnerability of highway bridges, tunnels, and retaining structures and develops information that could be used, in the case of bridges, to revise current national design specifications. A specific requirement of the program is to have research results independently reviewed and assessed to determine the impact they may have on future seismic design specifications for highway structures. Some of the important results of the research that has been conducted under the program are summarized, and issues that resulted from this impact assessment about expected changes in future seismic design practice of highway bridges are discussed.

Seismic Performance of Timber Bridges

2000 ◽  
Vol 1740 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Mander ◽  
Dion R. Allicock ◽  
Ian M. Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Timber Bridges

Compared with the seismic performance of concrete and steel highway bridges, the seismic performance of timber bridges is not well understood. This is because, historically, little effort has been spent on documenting the seismic performance of timber bridges in past earthquakes or conducting research to develop an improved understanding of the seismic design or retrofit requirements for timber bridges. Research work sponsored by FHWA and conducted at the University at Buffalo in conjunction with the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research to ( a) document the seismic performance of timber bridges in past earthquakes, ( b) experimentally assess the strength and ductility capabilities of timber pile substructures, and ( c) conduct a seismic vulnerability analysis of timber bridges (principally with shaking in the longitudinal direction) to assess the expected modes of failure is presented. Finally, with a particular emphasis on the 1964 Alaska earthquake, conclusions demonstrating why certain types of behavior lead to failures in timber bridges are drawn.

New Seismic Design Specifications of Highway Bridges in Japan

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽  
Kinji Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

This paper presents the new seismic design specifications for highway bridges issued by the Ministry of Construction in February 1990. Revisions of the previous specifications were based on the damage characteristics of highway bridges that were developed after the recent earthquakes. The primary revised items include the seismic lateral force, evaluation of inertia force for design of substructures considering structural response, checking the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete piers for lateral load, and dynamic response analysis. Emphasis is placed on the background of the revisions introduced in the new seismic design specifications.

Seismic Isolation Design Code for Highway Bridges

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽  
Shigeki Unjoh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Design Specifications

This paper presents the seismic isolation design code for highway bridges. This is based on the 1996 Design Specifications for Highway Bridges, Part. V: Seismic Design, issued by the Japan Road Association in December 1996. This paper focuses on the outlines of the seismic isolation design code including the seismic design basic principles, design ground motion, and seismic isolation design.

scholarly journals 2016–2017 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence: Seismic Retrofit Policy and Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1671-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzoni ◽  
Giulio Castori ◽  
Carmine Galasso ◽  
Paolo Calvi ◽  
Richard Dreyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence consisted of several moderately high-magnitude earthquakes, between M5.5 and M6.5, each centered in a different location and with its own sequences of aftershocks spanning several months. To study the effects of this earthquake sequence on the built environment and the impact on the communities, a collaborative reconnaissance effort was organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), the Eucentre Foundation, the European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCentre), and the Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica (ReLuis). The effort consisted of two reconnaissance missions: one following the Amatrice Earthquake of 24 August 2016 and one after the end of the earthquake sequence, in May 2017. One objective of the reconnaissance effort was to evaluate existing strengthening methodologies and assess their effectiveness in mitigating the damaging effects of ground shaking. Parallel studies by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association, presented in a companion paper, demonstrate that variations in-ground motions due to topographic site effects had a significant impact on damage distribution in the affected area. This paper presents that, in addition to these ground motion variations, variations in the vulnerability of residential and critical facilities were observed to have a significant impact on the level of damage in the region. The damage to the historical centers of Amatrice and Norcia will be used in this evaluation: the historical center of Amatrice was devastated by the sequence of earthquakes; the significant damage in Norcia was localized to individual buildings. Amatrice has not experienced the same number of devastating earthquakes as Norcia in the last 150 years. As a result, its building stock is much older than that of Norcia and there appeared to be little visual evidence of strengthening of the buildings. The distribution of damage observed throughout the region was found to be indicative of the effectiveness of strengthening and of the need for a comprehensive implementation of retrofit policies.

scholarly journals Supporting designers: moving from method menagerie to method ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilian Gericke ◽  
Claudia Eckert ◽  
Felician Campean ◽  
P. John Clarkson ◽  
Elias Flening ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Supporting designers is one of the main motivations for design research. However, there is an ongoing debate about the ability of design research to transfer its results, which are often provided in form of design methods, into practice. This article takes the position that the transfer of design methods alone is not an appropriate indicator for assessing the impact of design research by discussing alternative pathways for impacting design practice. Impact is created by different means – first of all through the students that are trained based on the research results including design methods and tools and by the systematic way of thinking they acquired that comes along with being involved with research in this area. Despite having a considerable impact on practice, this article takes the position that the transfer of methods can be improved by moving from cultivating method menageries to facilitating the evolution of method ecosystems. It explains what is understood by a method ecosystem and discusses implications for developing future design methods and for improving existing methods. This paper takes the position that efforts on improving and maturing existing design methods should be raised to satisfy the needs of designers and to truly support them.

A Comparative Study of U.S.-Japan Seismic Design of Highway Bridges: I. Design Methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Yen ◽  
J. D. Cooper ◽  
S. W. Park ◽  
S. Unjoh ◽  
T. Terayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
The United States ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Column ◽  
Design Specifications

This paper summarizes the results of a comparative study on seismic design of highway bridges jointly undertaken by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration and Japan's Public Works Research Institute. The seismic design specifications for highway bridges of the two countries are reviewed and compared with respect to their design philosophies and procedures. Some major design parameters including design seismic forces, response modification factors and minimum support lengths are addressed in detail. The differences between the two specifications are illustrated via a design example of a reinforced concrete column for simple, two-span bridges common in both countries. Three different scale models of the column are designed in accordance with the seismic design specifications of the United States and Japan, and tested on a shake table for their comparative seismic performance. The results of the shake table tests are discussed separately in a companion paper.

Discussion and Method on Performance Based Seismic Design for Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 372-375
Author(s):  
Wen Da Wang ◽  
Xiu Li Xia ◽  
Yan Li Shi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Performance Based Seismic Design

The theory of performance-based seismic design (PBSD) is the key issue for the modern earthquake engineering research. With comparison of the traditional prescriptive seismic design code based on the bearing capacity design, the PBSD method presents the specific performance object for the buildings. On the base of the background and development of the PBSD about reinforced concrete (RC) structures, some researches and design approaches of PBSD were proposed for the concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) structures based on the research results on PBSD of RC structures and the mechanical behavior of CFST structures. Some theory analysis was performed to investigate the PBSD performance of CFST structures. This is referred to further study on PBSD for CFST structures.

Problems and Suggestions of Chinese Highway Bridge Seismic Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Xiu Yun Gao ◽  
Shao Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
New Codes ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
The Developed Countries

The seismic design of Chinese Highway Bridge changed from single standard of fortification and one-step design performed nearly two decades to two-level fortification and two-stage design with the introduction of the new codes in 2008 and 2011. However, there are some shortcomings of the new codes such as the choice of response spectrum type, the determination of reinforced concrete constitutive relation, the discrimination of site-type and the bearing checking items, which leave a large room for improvement. Combined with the design codes of the developed countries like Japan and the United States, some useful suggestions are put forward in this paper for Chinese existing design codes. It is believed that Chinese seismic levels can be significantly increased so long as highway bridges are designed in accordance with the improved codes.

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