Simulation Study of Evacuation Routes and Traffic Management Strategies in Short-Notice Emergency Evacuation

Manual traffic control is an intersection control strategy in which law enforcement officers allocate intersection right-of-way to turning movements. Many emergency traffic management plans call for manual traffic control in response to oversaturated roadway conditions. This is because it is thought to more effectively move traffic during temporary surges in demand. The goal of this research was to evaluate the current state-of the- practice used by the Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) in selecting intersections for manual traffic control and allocating police personnel to them during emergencies.This research uses the emergency traffic management plans developed by the ACE for nine counties in the Maryland Eastern Shore region. This area encompassing 14,318 intersections of which 74 were selected for manual traffic control during emergencies. This work sought to quantify the correlations that exist between intersection attributes and the ACE' decision to allocate officers to control them. The research findings suggest that US routes, State routes, and emergency evacuation routes are statistically significant in determining the need for police control at intersections. Also significant are intersection on contraflow corridors and intersections near grade separated interchanges. The model also determined that intersections isolated from evacuation routes and county exits were more likely to be selected for manual control, indicating that rural areas may rely on manual traffic control in the absence of multilane highway and freeways. This research also found that intersections involving evacuation routes, contraflow corridors, and grade separated interchanges may warrant additional police personnel (two or more officers) for manual traffic control.

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Active traffic management strategies for expressways based on crash risk prediction of moving vehicle groups

Accident Analysis & Prevention ◽

10.1016/j.aap.2021.106421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 163 ◽

pp. 106421

Author(s):

Wanjing Ma ◽

Ziliang He ◽

Ling Wang ◽

Mohamed Abdel-Aty ◽

Chunhui Yu

Keyword(s):

Risk Prediction ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Crash Risk ◽

Moving Vehicle

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Feasibility Study of Traffic Signals at Intersections in Peshawar, Pakistan

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1645 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 253-255 ◽

pp. 1645-1649

Author(s):

Rawid Khan ◽

Ghulam Dastagir ◽

Omar Shahid ◽

Zeeshan Ahmed ◽

Bashir Alam

Keyword(s):

Traffic Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Traffic Signals ◽

Level Of Service ◽

Signal Timing ◽

Traffic Data ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

The Road ◽

Micro Simulation ◽

Signal Time

The paper is part of an ongoing research project on traffic management strategies for Peshawar Pakistan. Traffic data collected and warrant tests checked at selected intersections. Peak hour vehicular volume warrant test selected and performed at intersections. Signal timing capacity and delay analysis performed and level of service determined for selected intersection. It was found that “for the same width of the road” the delay and level of service is different at different locations and the corresponding signal time is also different. Some data also analysed in 3D micro simulation.

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The Effects of Early Training with Automation Tools on the Air Traffic Management Strategies of Student ATCos

Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction for Health, Safety, Mobility and Complex Environments - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-39215-3_2 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 13-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Henri Battiste ◽

William Choi ◽

Tannaz Mirchi ◽

Karen Sanchez ◽

Kim-Phuong L. Vu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Air Traffic Management ◽

Air Traffic ◽

Automation Tools ◽

Early Training

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The Effect of Regret-Based Risky Route Choice on the Traffic Equilibrium for Emergency Evacuation

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2020/8858302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ze Wang ◽

Haiqiang Yang ◽

Linglin Ni

Keyword(s):

Risk Aversion ◽

Expected Utility Theory ◽

Emergency Evacuation ◽

Choice Situation ◽

Traffic Equilibrium ◽

The Road ◽

Psychological Behavior ◽

Evacuation Traffic ◽

Evacuation Routes ◽

Regret Aversion

Following the research on human decision-making under risk and uncertainty, the purpose of this paper is to analyze evacuees’ risky route decision behavior and its effect on traffic equilibrium. It examines the possibility of applying regret theory to model travellers’ regret-taking behavior and network equilibrium in emergency context. By means of modifying the utility function in expected utility theory, a regret-based evacuation traffic equilibrium model is established, accounting for the evacuee’s psychological behavior of regret aversion and risk aversion. Facing two parallel evacuation routes choice situation, the effect of evacuees’ risk aversion and regret aversion on traffic equilibrium is numerically investigated as well as the road capacity reduction from natural disaster. The findings reveal that evacuees prefer the riskless route with the lower travel time as the increase of the regret aversion degree. The equilibrium tends to be achieved when more evacuees choose the safer route jointly affected by risk aversion and regret aversion. Moreover, an optimization model for disaster occurring possibility is formulated to assess the traffic system performance for evacuation management. These findings are helpful for understanding how the regret aversion and risk aversion influence traffic equilibrium.

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A Multistory Building Evacuation Model Based on Multiple-Factor Analysis

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2019/6585102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Yang Zhou ◽

Tanghong Wu ◽

Gaofan Zhang ◽

Zichuan Fan

Keyword(s):

Functional Relationship ◽

Emergency Evacuation ◽

Multiple Factor Analysis ◽

Time Step ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Building Evacuation ◽

Access Path ◽

Multistory Building ◽

Evacuation Model ◽

Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation is an important issue in public security. To make a considerate plan, various situations are presented including blocking the accident area and letting the emergency access path available. In order to offer dynamic evacuation routes due to different circumstances, a multistory building evacuation model is proposed. Firstly, to analyse the patency of the building, an evacuation formula is applied after binary processing. The function of evacuation time and some other parameters is given by means of regression analysis. Secondly, the cellular automata (CA) algorithm was applied to illustrate the effect of the bottleneck. The response of evacuation time could be approximately optimized through calculating time step of the CA simulation. Finally, the value of maximum evacuation population density could be determined according to the analysis of CA simulation results, which was related to the switch state of the emergency channel. The emergency evacuation model was simulated by using the Louvre museum as an example. The results of the simulation presented some feasible evacuation routes in all kinds of situations. Furthermore, the functional relationship would also be given among evacuation time with the diversity of tourists, pedestrian density, and width of exits. It can give a different perspective that the multistory building evacuation model shows excellent adaptability to different circumstances.

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Capacity Analysis for Approach Channels Shared by LNG Carriers

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse8090697 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 697

Author(s):

Xiang Gao ◽

Linying Chen ◽

Pengfei Chen ◽

Yu Luo ◽

Junmin Mou

Keyword(s):

Traffic Management ◽

Time Windows ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Capacity Analysis ◽

Behavioral Characteristics ◽

Traffic Capacity ◽

Approach Channel ◽

General Cargo ◽

The Impact

The transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has significant impact on traffic capacity of waterways, especially the approach channels shared by LNG carriers and other types of ships (general cargo ships, container ships, etc.). Few studies take the behavioral characteristics of LNG carriers and their impacts into consideration. In this paper, we propose a framework for capacity analysis of shared approach channels based on the spatial–temporal consumption method. It consists of three modules: (1) the tide module predicts the tidal height and tidal time for identifying the time windows for LNG carriers; (2) the spatial–temporal consumption module is introduced to calculate the capacity of approach channels; (3) the LNG carrier navigation module is for analyzing the characteristics of LNG carriers and the impact on the capacity of approach channels. A spatial–temporal indexed chart is designed to visualize the utilization of the spatial–temporal resources. A case study on the approach channel of Yueqing Bay near the east coast of China is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the framework. The utilization rates of the approach channel and the impact of LNG carriers are presented using our method. The results of the case study indicate that the proposed traffic capacity analyzing framework can provide support for making traffic management strategies.

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Integrating in situ Measurements and City Scale Modelling to Assess the COVID–19 Lockdown Effects on Emissions and Air Quality in Athens, Greece

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11111174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Georgios Grivas ◽

Eleni Athanasopoulou ◽

Anastasia Kakouri ◽

Jennifer Bailey ◽

Eleni Liakakou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Road Transport ◽

Scale Model ◽

Ambient Exposure ◽

Mean Concentration ◽

Reduced Emissions

The lockdown measures implemented worldwide to slow the spread of the COVID–19 pandemic have allowed for a unique real-world experiment, regarding the impacts of drastic emission cutbacks on urban air quality. In this study we assess the effects of a 7-week (23 March–10 May 2020) lockdown in the Greater Area of Athens, coupling in situ observations with estimations from a meteorology-atmospheric chemistry model. Measurements in central Athens during the lockdown were compared with levels during the pre- and post-lockdown 3-week periods and with respective levels in the four previous years. We examined regulatory pollutants as well as CO2, black carbon (BC) and source-specific BC components. Models were run for pre-lockdown and lockdown periods, under baseline and reduced-emissions scenarios. The in-situ results indicate mean concentration reductions of 30–35% for traffic-related pollutants in Athens (NO2, CO, BC from fossil fuel combustion), compared to the pre-lockdown period. A large reduction (53%) was observed also for the urban CO2 enhancement while the reduction for PM2.5 was subtler (18%). Significant reductions were also observed when comparing the 2020 lockdown period with past years. However, levels rebounded immediately following the lift of the general lockdown. The decrease in measured NO2 concentrations was reproduced by the implementation of the city scale model, under a realistic reduced-emissions scenario for the lockdown period, anchored at a 46% decline of road transport activity. The model permitted the assessment of air quality improvements on a spatial scale, indicating that NO2 mean concentration reductions in areas of the Athens basin reached up to 50%. The findings suggest a potential for local traffic management strategies to reduce ambient exposure and to minimize exceedances of air quality standards for primary pollutants.

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