Evaluating Asphalt Binders Prepared with Different Processes to Meet the Same Performance Grade: Use of Atomic Force Microscope

2017 ◽  
Vol 2632 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan W. Holcombe ◽  
Munir D. Nazzal ◽  
Walaa Mogawer ◽  
Alexander J. Austerman ◽  
Savas Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scb Test

This paper summarizes the results of a laboratory testing program conducted to evaluate the microstructure, adhesion, and other mechanical properties of asphalt binders meeting the same performance grade (PG) but produced by using different processes and modifiers. To that end, atomic force microscope (AFM) tapping mode imaging and force spectroscopy experiments were conducted on different straight-run and modified asphalt binders meeting the same PG. In addition, bitumen bond strength and semicircular beam (SCB) tests were conducted on the different binders evaluated and on the mixes prepared by using those binders, respectively, for comparison. The AFM images indicated that the microstructure of the modified binders was different from those of the straight-run binders. The AFM force spectroscopy test results showed that binders with the same PG could have significantly different adhesion properties. The results of the SCB tests indicated that the fatigue performance was affected by the adhesion properties of the binders evaluated. The AFM bonding energy had a very good correlation with the flexibility index parameter obtained from SCB test results. The results of this paper suggest that the adhesion properties of asphalt binders should be included in their evaluation process and specifications.

scholarly journals Nanoscale Quantification of Moisture Susceptibility of Paving Asphalts

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumon Roy ◽  
Zahid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Moisture-induced damage due to stripping is one of the major concerns to the highway agencies in recent years. In this study, nanoscopic investigations were carried out to examine the effects of moisture in asphalt binders. An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used to estimate the asphalt binder’s modulus and adhesion values, which were believed to be indicators of binder’s resistance to moisture damage. To this end, two Performance Grade (PG) binders and their modified counterparts using polyphosphoric acid (PPA), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), and SBS plus PPA were tested in this study. Test results show significant reductions of adhesion and modulus values after water immersion of the asphalt binders. AFM data also reveals that SBS-modified binders exhibit better moisture resistance compared to the base binder. Findings of this study are expected to help transportation professionals to achieve a better understanding of moisture damage of asphalt binders at a molecular level and their suitability in pavements.

scholarly journals Impact of Graphene Oxide on Zero Shear Viscosity, Fatigue Life and Low-Temperature Properties of Asphalt Binder

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Abbas Mukhtar Adnan ◽  
Chaofeng Lü ◽  
Xue Luo ◽  
Jinchang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Zero Shear Viscosity ◽  
Modified Asphalt

This study has investigated the impact of graphene oxide (GO) in enhancing the performance properties of an asphalt binder. The control asphalt binder (60/70 PEN) was blended with GO in contents of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The permanent deformation behavior of the modified asphalt binders was evaluated based on the zero shear viscosity (ZSV) parameter through a steady shear test approach. Superpave fatigue test and the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) method were used to evaluate the fatigue behavior of the binders. A bending beam rheometer (BBR) test was conducted to evaluate the low-temperature cracking behavior. Furthermore, the storage stability of the binders was investigated using a separation test. The results of the ZSV test showed that GO considerably enhanced the steady shear viscosity and ZSV value, showing a significant contribution of the GO to the deformation resistance; moreover, GO modification changed the asphalt binder’s behavior from Newtonian to shear-thinning flow. A notable improvement in fatigue life was observed with the addition of GO to the binder based on the LAS test results and Superpave fatigue parameter. The BBR test results revealed that compared to the control asphalt, the GO-modified binders showed lower creep stiffness (S) and higher creep rate (m-value), indicating increased cracking resistance at low temperatures. Finally, the GO-modified asphalt binders exhibited good storage stability under high temperatures.

Dynamic Properties of Asphalt Binders Containing Fiber Modifiers

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 724-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Shan Ye ◽  
Shao Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Test ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Creep Modulus ◽  
Phase Angles

Dynamic shear test and creep shear test were employed to investigate the dynamic properties of various fiber modified asphalt binders with the fiber content of 1.0%. The test results indicate that complex shear modulus of asphalt binders containing fibers are increased while the phase angles are decreased greatly, which implies that the asphalt binder is reinforced by the addition of fibers and the elastic property of asphalt binder is improved significantly, especially at high frequency levels. The total strain during loading period and the residual strain after the creep shear test of asphalt binders are reduced greatly by the addition of fibers. Furthermore, the creep modulus of fiber modified asphalt binders is increased and the development rate versus loading time of creep modulus is decreased.

Atomic force microscope-based single-molecule force spectroscopy of RNA unfolding

2011 ◽  
Vol 414 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans A. Heus ◽  
Elias M. Puchner ◽  
Aafke J. van Vugt-Jonker ◽  
Julia L. Zimmermann ◽  
Hermann E. Gaub
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Midas: A Nanotechnological Exploration of Touch

Leonardo ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Atomic Vibrations ◽  
Surface Vibrations

The Midas project investigates the trans-mediational space between skin and gold. Research for the project was conducted through the analysis of data recorded with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The AFM, in its force spectroscopy mode, gathers data by picking up the surface vibrations as the cantilever touches the cell. The Midas project culminated in an installation that included data projection and audio work utilizing subsonic speakers to make the data from the atomic vibrations audible and palpable.

Quantifying bacterial adhesion on antifouling polymer brushes via single-cell force spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (31) ◽  
pp. 5740-5751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger ◽  
Sébastien Janel ◽  
Andres de los Santos Pereira ◽  
Michael Bruns ◽  
Frank Lafont
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cell Force

The adhesion forces between a single bacterial cell and different polymer brushes were measured directly with an atomic force microscope and correlated with their resistance to fouling.

Fast imaging and fast force spectroscopy of single biopolymers with a new atomic force microscope designed for small cantilevers

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 4300-4303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Viani ◽  
T. E. Schäffer ◽  
G. T. Paloczi ◽  
L. I. Pietrasanta ◽  
B. L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Fast Imaging ◽  
Atomic Force

Effects of warm mix asphalt additives on performance properties of polymer modified asphalt binders

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakseo Kim ◽  
Soon-Jae Lee ◽  
Serji N. Amirkhanian
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Polymer Modified Asphalt

This study presents an experimental evaluation for the performance properties of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binders containing warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives. The PMA binders with the additives were produced using two of the available warm asphalt processes (i.e., Aspha-min and Sasobit) and three PMA binders graded as performance grade (PG) 76-22. The warm PMA binders were artificially short-term and then long-term aged using the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) procedures. Superpave binder tests were carried out on the binders through the rotational viscometer (RV), the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). In general, the results of this research indicated that (1) the addition of the WMA additives into the PMA binders showed positive effects on increasing rutting resistance at high temperature (based on the high failure temperature values from the DSR test); (2) the PMA binders containing the additives were observed to be less resistant to fatigue cracking at intermediate temperatures compared to the control PMA binders (based on the G*sin δ values at 25 °C from the DSR test); and (3) the addition of wax additive represented a possible lower resistance on low temperature cracking (based on the stiffness and the m-value at –12 °C from the BBR test).

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