Investigation of the Effect of Super Sharrows on Cyclist and Vehicle Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kassim ◽  
Karim Ismail ◽  
Suzanne Woo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Lane

This study examined the potential effect of special paintings of shared lane markings (super sharrows) on a number of operational and safety performance parameters for cyclists and motor vehicles. These performance parameters were used to assess pretreatment and posttreatment behavior when cyclists and motor vehicles were near one another. The performance parameters were ( a) rate of lane change maneuvers performed by vehicles in the presence as well as the absence of cyclists and ( b) lateral spacing between cyclists, vehicles, and curb edge. In general, the main objectives of this treatment were ( a) providing cyclists with comfort by allowing them to ride in the middle of the travel lane and ( b) promoting safe passing by motor vehicles. The effect of the super sharrows on cyclists and motor vehicles was analyzed with statistical analysis by comparing pretreatment and posttreatment conditions. The key findings are as follow: ( a) super sharrows had an effect on motor vehicle lane change maneuvers, represented by an increase in the percentage of motor vehicles that changed from the right lane (location of super sharrows) to the left lane with the presence of a cyclist on the right lane; ( b) the number of motor vehicles that changed from right lane to left lane and back to right lane in both full and partial encroachment into the left lane decreased; ( c) the number of the motor vehicle lane change maneuvers from left to right lane decreased; and ( d) cyclists were found to be riding farther from the right curb with the presence of the super sharrows.

scholarly journals Failure by Parents or Other Legal Representatives of Minors to Fulfill Their Obligations to Teach the Latter the Traffic Rules, to Foster a Responsible Attitude to Their Compliance, Expressed in the Admission of Driving Vehicles by Minors Who Do Not Have This Right, Which Caused Serious Consequences Due to Negligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Aleksei Viktorovich Ravnyushkin ◽  
Aleksandr Petrovich Nagorny
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Administrative Punishment ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Traffic Rules ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

One of the most acute problems nowadays is the prob-lem of reducing not only the rate of accidents, but also the number of injuries and deaths on the roads. The in-crease in the number of minors injured in road acci-dents, including those driving motor vehicles, causes particular concern. It is stated that bringing individuals to administrative responsibility is possible for transfer-ring control of a motor vehicle to a person who knowing-ly does not have the right to drive a motor vehicle under Part 3 of Article 12.7 of the Code of Administrative Of-fences of the Russian Federation, and also for not taking measures to prevent repeated driving vehicles by mi-nors who do not have such right, under Part 1 of Article 5.35 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Rus-sian Federation. However, administrative responsibility and measures of administrative punishment do not pre-vent serious socially dangerous consequences from driving motor vehicles by minors who do not have this right. The present study substantiates the need to estab-lish criminal liability for failure by parents to fulfill their obligations to educate and teach minors to observe traf-fic rules, which is expressed in letting minors drive mo-tor vehicles without having this right, which resulted in serious consequences due to negligence.

Evaluation of Innovative Bike-Box Application in Eugene, Oregon

2000 ◽  
Vol 1705 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
The Right

An innovative “bike box”—a right-angle extension to a bike lane (BL) at the head of the intersection—was installed with accompanying traffic signs but no extra traffic signals at a busy downtown intersection featuring two one-way streets in Eugene, Oregon, in summer 1998. The box allows bicyclists traveling to the intersection in a left side BL to get to the head of the traffic queue on a red traffic signal indication and then proceed ahead of motor vehicle traffic toward a right side BL when the traffic signal changes to green. Cyclists traveling through the intersection were videotaped before and after placement of the box. The videotapes were coded to evaluate operational behaviors and conflicts with motorists, other bicyclists, and pedestrians. Twenty-two percent of the bicyclists who approached in the left side BL and then crossed to the BL on the right side of the street (the bicyclists for whom the box was most intended) used the box. Many more bicyclists in this target group could have used the box (i.e., they had a red signal indication and enough time to move into the box). A problem with motor vehicle encroachments into the box likely diminished the frequency of use. The rate of conflicts between bicycles and motor vehicles changed little in the before and after periods. No conflicts took place while the bike box was being used as intended.

scholarly journals Export diversification and structural changes in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Ireen Choga ◽  
Asrat Tsegaye
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Empirical Measures ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Scientific Equipment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Equipment Transport

What is the nature and extent of export diversification in South Africa? The primary purpose of this paper is to seek empirical answers to this question. In an attempt to derive empirical measures of the extent of export diversification and the structural changes taking place in South Africa, this paper uses a sample of a group of 28 selected commodities for the period 1980-2012 for which the most recent data is available. The following methods were used to measure the extent of export diversification and the structural changes in export diversification: Commodity-specific cumulative export Experience function, the Commodity-specific traditional index (CSTI), variance of CSTI, concentration ratio and the aggregate specialisation index. The Commodity-Specific Cumulative Experience Function plots show that roughly, commodities such as scientific equipment, transport equipment, motor vehicles, furniture, machinery and electronic products were shifted to the right indicating that the commodities are non-traditional in nature whereas gold coal agricultural products and wood are traditional in nature. The CSTI rankings indicated that motor vehicle exports ranked first showing that motor vehicles are non-traditional exports. Findings of this paper corroborate findings of other scholars; we conclude that our results are complementary.

scholarly journals Lane change maneuver for autonomous vehicles (Benchmark Proposal)

10.29007/5hxt ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kekatos ◽  
Daniel Heß ◽  
Goran Frehse
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Cooperative Driving ◽  
Bicycle Model ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Lateral Behavior ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Lane

Lane changes are known to be risky maneuvers both for autonomous vehicles and human drivers since they require changes in longitudinal and lateral velocities in the presence of other moving vehicles. In this paper, we propose a benchmark modeling a cooperative lane change maneuver that involves four fully autonomous vehicles; three in the left lane and one in the right. The vehicle driving in the right lane aims to move to the left lane while avoiding a collision with the other vehicles. Each vehicle is equipped with sensors and can also communicate with its neighboring vehicles. The vehicle dynamics are described by a dynamic bicycle model and each vehicle is equipped with a linear low-level controller that regulates its own longitudinal and lateral behavior. To guarantee that the maneuver is safe and the traffic rules are enforced, we employ a cooperative driving control scheme (in the spirit of supervisory logic) that decides the actions of each vehicle.

Complex Solution of Ecological and Economic Problems of Traffic Jams

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Oleksandr M. Matsenko ◽  
Yaroslav S. Kovalev ◽  
Olena M. Tkachenko ◽  
Yaroslava V. Chorna
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Flows Over Time

The article explores the congestion level in traffic of motor vehicles and its negative environmental and economic consequences in case of Kiev. The amount of pollution from traffic jams in Kiev and the number of vehicles which got into them in 2009-2018 is analyzed. The loss of earnings on the side of automobile owners from their standby are calculated with corresponding quantitative expressions found and described. For the course of the research, the methods of system-structural and comparative analysis were used for analyzing the environmental and economic problems of modern automobile systems; methods of formal logical analysis were used for substantiating the innovative infrastructure of transport routes. Separately economic and statistical methods were used in the study for trends development, structure analysis, and estimation of the influence of road congestion on the environmental and economic sphere. Pearson test has indicated a close relationship between the number of cars in Kiev and the number of values from traffic jams in environmental and economic sphere. Solutions to this problem are offered in forms of automated traffic control systems, improvisation of organizational and technical methods for the distribution of traffic flows over time, namely reverse traffic, road junctions, smart traffic lights, road extension, and the transition to alternative modes of transport. In all countries of the world there are new research methods that affect pollutants from motor vehicles. It is proved that they are forced by the recipients. In addition, landscaping can improve landscape design, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, surface water runoff and noise pollution. In this regard the policy implication of the research are aimed to eliminate the negative consequences from the use of vehicles during traffic jams, and the necessary number of trees for planting in Kiev is calculated. Key words: motor transport, congestion, traffic jam, motor vehicle, greening, compensation effect, lost profits, losses.

Power Test System Development and Dynamic Performance State Estimation Based on Hub Motor Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Jing Gan ◽  
Xiaobin Fan ◽  
Zeng Song ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Power Test ◽  
The Real

Background: The power performance of an electric vehicle is the basic parameter. Traditional test equipment, such as the expensive chassis dynamometer, not only increases the cost of testing but also makes it impossible to measure all the performance parameters of an electric vehicle. Objective: A set of convenient, efficient and sensitive power measurement system for electric vehicles is developed to obtain the real-time power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions, and the dynamic performance parameters of hub-motor vehicles are obtained through the system. Methods: Firstly, a set of on-board power test system is developed by using virtual instrument (Lab- VIEW). This test system can obtain the power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions in real-time and save data in real-time. Then, the driving resistance of hub-motor vehicles is analyzed, and the power performance of hub-motor vehicles is studied in depth. The power testing system is proposed to test the input power of both ends of the driving motor, and the chassis dynamometer is combined to test so that the output efficiency of the driving motor can be easily obtained without disassembly. Finally, this method is used to carry out the road test and obtain the vehicle dynamic performance parameters. Results: The real-time current, voltage and power, maximum power, acceleration time and maximum speed of the vehicle can be obtained accurately by using the power test system in the real road experiment. Conclusion: The maximum power required by the two motors reaches about 9KW, and it takes about 20 seconds to reach the maximum speed. The total power required to maintain the maximum speed is about 7.8kw, and the maximum speed is 62km/h. In this article, various patents have been discussed.

Auditory Icons as Impending Collision System Warning Signals in Commercial Motor Vehicles

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Belz ◽  
Gary S. Robinson ◽  
John G. Casali
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Collision System ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Side Collision ◽  
Simulated Driving Task

This simulator-based study examined the use of conventional auditory warnings (tonal, non-verbal sounds) and auditory icons (representational, non-verbal sounds), alone and in combination with a dash-mounted visual display to warn commercial motor vehicle operators of impending front-to-rear and side collision situations. Driver performance was measured in the simulated driving task via brake response time in the front-to-rear collision scenarios and via a count of accident occurrence in the side collision scenarios. For both front-to-rear and side collision scenarios, auditory icons elicited significantly improved driver performance over conventional auditory warnings. Driver performance improved when collision warning information was presented through multiple modalities.

1305 Ureteral Stenting in Conservative Management of Grade IV Blunt Renal Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mukhtar A Mukhtar ◽  
M. Gareeballah Yousif Hijazi ◽  
B.A. Abdalaziz Alshareif ◽  
M. Yahia Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Nonoperative Management ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Ureteric Stenting ◽  
Delayed Hemorrhage ◽  
The Right

Abstract Post-traumatic urinomas are well-described complications associated with the nonoperative management of major blunt renal injuries. A 16-year-old male sustained a motor vehicle accident. Brought after 30 minutes to emergency department, upon arrival he was fully conscious, complaining of severe right hypochondrial and loin pain, abdomen was tender and guarded over the right side, urinary catheter inserted revealed gross haematuria, the patient was resuscitated accordingly, fast ultrasound scan showed minimal fluid collection in the Morison's pouch, the right kidney was swollen with perinephric fluid collection and poor cortico-medullary differentiation. Urgent CT scan findings were deep avulsion of the right kidney. The Patient was planned for conservative management, admitted to high dependency ward, CT scan repeated, and the size of urinoma increased compared to the initial CT, so he was planned for retrograde pyelography and ureteric stenting. Intra-operatively the right ureter was canulated, contrast injected. The pelvi-ureteric junction was intact, extravasation of contrast in the upper pole of the kidney. The right ureter was stented using a size 6 multiloop stent, with the tip directed into the upper pole calyx. The Patient showed dramatic improvement, haematuria cleared and the patient was discharged well after 12 days and the stent was removed after 6 weeks. Despite the improvements with nonoperative management, complications are described and include delayed hemorrhage, delayed massive hematuria and renal scaring with loss of function. Ureteric stenting is playing a major part in the conservative management of high-grade renal injury particularly grade IV type.

On the spread of ultrafine particulate matter: A mathematical model for motor vehicle emissions and their effects as an asthma trigger

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle N. Rosado-Pérez ◽  
Karen Ríos-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Traveling Wave Solutions ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Diffusion Type

Asthma is a respiratory disease that affects the lungs, with a prevalence of 339.4 million people worldwide [G. Marks, N. Pearce, D. Strachan, I. Asher and P. Ellwood, The Global Asthma Report 2018, globalasthmareport.org (2018)]. Many factors contribute to the high prevalence of asthma, but with the rise of the industrial age, air pollutants have become one of the main Ultrafine particles (UFPs), which are a type of air pollutant that can affect asthmatics the most. These UFPs originate primarily from the combustion of motor vehicles [P. Solomon, Ultrafine particles in ambient air. EM: Air and Waste Management Association’s Magazine for Environmental Managers (2012)] and although in certain places some regulations to control their emission have been implemented they might not be enough. In this work, a mathematical model of reaction–diffusion type is constructed to study how UFPs grow and disperse in the environment and in turn how they affect an asthmatic population. Part of our focus is on the existence of traveling wave solutions and their minimum asymptotic speed of pollutant propagation [Formula: see text]. Through the analysis of the model it was possible to identify the necessary threshold conditions to control the pollutant emissions and consequently reduce the asthma episodes in the population. Analytical and numerical results from this work prove how harmful the UFEs are for the asthmatic population and how they can exacerbate their asthma episodes.

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