scholarly journals Effect of different flower thinning techniques on annual fluctuation of macro and micronutrients in sweet cherries

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
S. Thurzó ◽  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Flower Thinning ◽  
Phenological Phases

The seasonal dynamic of macro- and micronutrients uptake of a sweet cherry cultivar cv. 'Katalin' (Prunus avium L.) was studied according to apply different flower thinning techniques. Beside control treatment, three thinning treatments were performed: (I) thinning for I flower/inflorescence, (2) thinning for 2 flower/inflorescence, (3) thinning for 3 flower/inflorescence. Soil examination was carried out to establish the growing conditions of orchard site. Moreover, for studying the temporal dynamic of nutrient uptake plant analytical examination was performed four times per year based on leaf collecting according to the phenological phases. It was found that the macro- and micronutrients contents of leaves were showed significant differences between treatments before ripening, at ripening and after ripening stage. It was found that thinning has influence on mineral composition of leaf. Flower removal unbalanced the equilibrium of generative and vegetative processes. The applied manual flower thinning treatment resulted improving vegetative processes like nutrient uptake and storage.

scholarly journals Pedicel Transpiration in Sweet Cherry Fruit: Mechanisms, Pathways, and Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Athoo ◽  
Andreas Winkler ◽  
Moritz Knoche
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Cuticular Membrane ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Rate Limiting

Pedicel appearance is a good indicator of freshness in sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.). Fruit with shriveled, discolored pedicels have reduced market value. Shriveled pedicels are thought to result from postharvest water loss due to transpiration. The objectives of our study were to 1) quantify the transpiration permeances of fruit and pedicel surfaces; 2) determine the role of the fruit in pedicel transpiration; and 3) identify the effects of selected factors on pedicel transpiration. Fruit with and without pedicels were incubated under controlled conditions [usually 22 °C, 75% relative humidity (RH)] and their mass losses determined gravimetrically. Pedicel transpiration was calculated by subtracting measured transpiration of fruit without pedicels from that of fruit with pedicels. Cumulative pedicel transpiration increased with time. Rates of pedicel transpiration were essentially constant over the first 0 to 1.5 hours but declined thereafter, approaching an asymptote over the subsequent period of 1.5 to 96 hours over which measurements were made. Cumulative pedicel transpiration exceeded the amount of water in the pedicel, indicating that at least some of the transpired water originated from the fruit. There was no significant effect of steam girdling on pedicel transpiration suggesting that water moved from the fruit to the pedicel through the xylem (steaming prevents phloem conduction). Abrading the cuticular membrane (CM) from a pedicel surface or extracting the cuticular wax by dipping pedicels once or five times in chloroform/methanol (1:1 v/v) increased rates of transpiration 12-, 3-, and 5-fold, respectively. The water vapor permeance of the pedicel surface determined under steady-state conditions (8.7 ± 0.4 × 10−4 m·s−1) exceeded that of the fruit (2.1 ± 0.1 × 10−4 m·s−1), possibly because of a more permeable CM and/or a higher stomatal density (38.5 ± 1.3 stomata/mm2 for pedicels vs. 1.1 ± 0.0 stomata/mm2 for fruit). Treatments known to affect stomatal opening (incubation in buffered abscisic acid at 0.1 mm or in CO2- or N2-atmospheres) had no effects on pedicel transpiration. Rates of transpiration were negatively correlated with RH but positively with temperature. There was no effect of RH and/or temperature on the permeances of pedicel or fruit surfaces. From our results it is inferred that 1) pedicel transpiration is a physical process governed by Fick’s law of diffusion, where cuticle and wax in particular represent the major rate-limiting barriers; 2) the permeances of pedicel surfaces exceed those of fruit surfaces; and 3) pedicel transpiration can be minimized by minimizing the driving force (difference in water vapor concentration) during postharvest handling and storage.

scholarly journals Impact of boron foliar fertilization on annual fluctuation of B in sweet cherry leaves and fruit quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
T. Thurzó ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

The goal of the study was to examine response of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) to boron (B) fertilization. The experiment was conducted during 2005-2007 in West Hungary on mature cv. `Germersdorfi 3' grafted on Prunus mahaleb rootstock. Sweet cherry trees planted on a calcareous chernozem soil. Trees were foliar-fertilized with B. Foliar B sprays were performed: (1) in the spring, at the stage of white bud, beginning of flowering (B1), and (2) repeated 5 weeks after full bloom (B2). In each of spring spray treatments, B was applied at a rate of 0.15 kg ha-I. Trees untreated with B served as a control. The results showed that B fertilization had effect on B concentration in leaf tissues, mostly after ripening. B was present significantly higher amount in leaf in treated samples after ripening. Mean fruit weight was slightly increased by B fertilization. Fruit sensitivity to cracking was not influenced by B fertilization. Nevertheless, from our data it can be conclude that the sensitivity of fruit to cracking is improved when the fruit is riper, the fruit density and fruit weight are higher. The soluble solids varied between 15.0 and 15.9% according to the treatments. Our results for the monosaccharides investigated varied between 5.1 and 7.2 as glucose and fructose as well. Galactose and sucrose was detected very small amount in the unprocessed cherries. Applied B treatments increased sugar contents but decreased organic acid contents in sweet cherry fruits. It is concluded that under conditions of this experiment, B fertilization can be recommended in sweet cherry culture to improve fruit quality and their appearance.

scholarly journals Calcium-Enriched Animal Manure Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Physiology and Nutrients Homeostasis of Zea mays L.

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Niamat ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Growth Physiology

Soil salinity and sodicity are among the main problems for optimum crop production in areas where rainfall is not enough for leaching of salts out of the rooting zone. Application of organic and Ca-based amendments have the potential to increase crop yield and productivity under saline–alkaline soil environments. Based on this hypothesis, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of compost, Ca-based fertilizer industry waste (Ca-FW), and Ca-fortified compost (Ca-FC) to increase growth and yield of maize under saline–sodic soil conditions. Saline–sodic soil conditions with electrical conductivity (EC) levels (1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) = 15, were developed by spiking soil with a solution containing NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and CaCl2. Results showed that soil salinity and sodicity significantly reduced plant growth, yield, physiological, and nutrient uptake parameters. However, the application of Ca-FC caused a remarkable increase in the studied parameters of maize at EC levels of 1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1 as compared to the control. In addition, Ca-FC caused the maximum decrease in Na+/K+ ratio in shoot up to 85.1%, 71.79%, and 70.37% at EC levels of 1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1, respectively as compared to the control treatment. Moreover, nutrient uptake (NPK) was also significantly increased with the application of Ca-FC under normal as well as saline–sodic soil conditions. It is thus inferred that the application of Ca-FC could be an effective amendment to enhance growth, yield, physiology, and nutrient uptake in maize under saline–sodic soil conditions constituting the novelty of this work.

scholarly journals Potential of UAS-Based Remote Sensing for Estimating Tree Water Status and Yield in Sweet Cherry Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Víctor Blanco ◽  
Pedro José Blaya-Ros ◽  
Cristina Castillo ◽  
Fulgencio Soto-Vallés ◽  
Roque Torres-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Cherry Trees

The present work aims to assess the usefulness of five vegetation indices (VI) derived from multispectral UAS imagery to capture the effects of deficit irrigation on the canopy structure of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) in southeastern Spain. Three irrigation treatments were assayed, a control treatment and two regulated deficit irrigation treatments. Four airborne flights were carried out during two consecutive seasons; to compare the results of the remote sensing VI, the conventional and continuous water status indicators commonly used to manage sweet cherry tree irrigation were measured, including midday stem water potential (Ψs) and maximum daily shrinkage (MDS). Simple regression between individual VIs and Ψs or MDS found stronger relationships in postharvest than in preharvest. Thus, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), resulted in the strongest relationship with Ψs (r2 = 0.67) and MDS (r2 = 0.45), followed by the normalized difference red edge (NDRE). The sensitivity analysis identified the optimal soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) as the VI with the highest coefficient of variation in postharvest and the difference vegetation index (DVI) in preharvest. A new index is proposed, the transformed red range vegetation index (TRRVI), which was the only VI able to statistically identify a slight water deficit applied in preharvest. The combination of the VIs studied was used in two machine learning models, decision tree and artificial neural networks, to estimate the extra labor needed for harvesting and the sweet cherry yield.

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

Incidence of rain splitting in sweet cherries treated with calcium or coating materials

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meheriuk ◽  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
D.-L. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Prunus Avium L ◽  
Better Than

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and Ca(OH)2 sprays reduced rain splitting in Van cherries (Prunus avium L.). Multiple applications were better than single sprays. Soluble solids content was increased in many instances by the treatments. Fruit shrivel was appreciable in cherries sprayed with Ca(OH)2 particularly in hot seasons. Single or multiple applications of Nutri-Save (a polymeric coating), Pro-Stick (a sticking agent) and Envy (an antitranspirant) did not affect rain splitting in Stella cherries. Key words: Prunus avium L., calcium sprays, fruit shrivel, cherry

Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of Bing and Sam sweet cherries

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cline ◽  
M. Trought
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Colour Development

Rain-induced cracking of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) is a major problem in many cherry growing regions throughout the world. One method to reduce cracking is to grow cracking resistant cultivars; however, no completely effective control measures are currently available to eliminate this problem. Studies conducted in New Zealand to test the ameliorating properties of gibberellic acid sprays to reduce cracking were examined. The results revealed that repeated or singular foliar applications at 10 or 40 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3), respectively, increased both fruit cracking, and fruit firmness, but delayed fruit colour development. Key words: Prunus avium, cherry splitting, cracking

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