Variation between some apricot varieties in regard to flowering phenology in Boldogkôváralja, Hungary

The aim of this study was the estimation of blossoming of 14 apricot cultivars in Boldogkôváralja in 2009, 2010 and 2011 seasons. And this will help growers to select appropriate varieties to their weather conditions. For this target the blooming period of 19 apricot varieties of different origin was observed in three subsequent years. There was no large difference in the beginning of blooming in the different years, and the greatest variation between the start date of flowering was about 1 to 3 days as the place of experiment site near to northern border and also, length of flowering period of apricot trees is also inversely related to date when blooming started. The little differences in flowering dates and flowering periods due to the high temperature through the three seasons of study.

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Climate shapes flowering periods across plant communities

10.1101/2021.10.10.463841 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruby E. Stephens ◽

Hervé Sauquet ◽

Greg R. Guerin ◽

Mingkai Jiang ◽

Daniel Falster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Floral Resources ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Continental Scale ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Flowering Periods ◽

Time Of Year ◽

And Function

AbstractAimClimate shapes the composition and function of plant communities globally, but it remains unclear how this influence extends to floral traits. Flowering phenology, or the time period in which a species flowers, has well-studied relationships with climatic signals at the species level but has rarely been explored at a cross-community and continental scale. Here, we characterise the distribution of flowering periods (months of flowering) across continental plant communities encompassing six biomes, and determine the influence of climate on community flowering period lengths.LocationAustraliaTaxonFlowering plantsMethodsWe combined plant composition and abundance data from 629 standardised floristic surveys (AusPlots) with data on flowering period from the AusTraits database and additional primary literature for 2,983 species. We assessed abundance-weighted community mean flowering periods across biomes and tested their relationship with climatic annual means and the predictability of climate conditions using regression models.ResultsCombined, temperature and precipitation (annual mean and predictability) explain 29% of variation in continental community flowering period. Plant communities with higher mean temperatures and lower mean precipitation have longer mean flowering periods. Moreover, plant communities in climates with predictable temperatures and, to a lesser extent, predictable precipitation have shorter mean flowering periods. Flowering period varies by biome, being longest in deserts and shortest in alpine and montane communities. For instance, desert communities experience low and unpredictable precipitation and high, unpredictable temperatures and have longer mean flowering periods, with desert species typically flowering at any time of year in response to rain.Main conclusionsOur findings demonstrate the role of current climate conditions in shaping flowering periods across biomes, with implications under climate change. Shifts in flowering periods across climatic gradients reflect changes in plant strategies, affecting patterns of plant growth and reproduction as well as the availability of floral resources across the landscape.

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Effects of Night-Interrupted Lighting on Growth and Flowering Duration of Herbaceous Perennials Grown Under Nursery Conditions in the Southern United States

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898.32.1.13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Gary J. Keever ◽

J. Raymond Kessler ◽

James C. Stephenson

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Flowering Duration ◽

Start Date ◽

Herbaceous Perennials ◽

Long Day ◽

Natural Photoperiod ◽

Flowering Periods ◽

Inductive Photoperiod ◽

Start Dates

Staggered starting dates for night-interrupted lighting (NIL) were evaluated for accelerated sequential flowering of herbaceous perennials with different photoperiod requirements outdoors in a southern nursery setting. Plants evaluated were black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’), an obligate long-day (LD) plant; obedient plant (Physostegia virginiana ‘Miss Manners’), a facultative LD plant; and Stokes' aster (Stokesia laevis ‘Peachie's Pick’), a facultative intermediate-day plant. With all species, the dates of first flower and maximum flower number occurred sooner under LDs from incandescent (INC) and fluorescent (FLU) lamps than under natural photoperiod (NP). Mean and maximum flower numbers were greater under NIL than under NP for black-eyed Susan and Stokes' aster but not for obedient plant. Time in flower increased in Stokes' aster, but either decreased or was not affected by NIL for black-eyed Susan and obedient plant. Flowering periods of black-eyed Susan and obedient plant exposed to different NIL timings overlapped extensively while leaving a gap in flowering between plants exposed to NIL and those under NP. This gap in flowering suggests that the intervals between NIL start dates could be longer to lessen the flowering overlap of plants under NIL, and that the interval between the start of the last NIL treatment and the onset of an inductive photoperiod be reduced to maintain sequential peak flowering until the natural flowering period. With Stokes' aster, flowering overlapped for plants in the different NIL timings and under NP, resulting in continuous sequential blooms from first flowering of plants under NIL until the plants' natural flowering period under NP in late May. Flowering periods of Stokes' aster exposed to NIL beginning on different dates overlapped extensively, suggesting that at least one NIL start date could be omitted and the intervals between the start of NIL increased without sacrificing continuous sequential peak flowering. NIL from INC and FLU lamps promoted growth in plant height compared to that of plants under NP, although the increase in plant height was less under FLU lamps.

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Reproductive Biology and Flowering of Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret) in Areas of Marginal Occurrence

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n8p156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Joel Donazzolo ◽

Eliza Luana Charneski Turra ◽

Larissa Corradi Voss ◽

Moeses Andrigo Danner ◽

Idemir Citadin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Biology ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Species Occurrence ◽

Acca Sellowiana

Studies of feijoa adaptability in different locations, with specific weather conditions can be useful for the cultivation of the species. The objective of this work was to study aspects of reproductive biology (pollen viability and fruit set under different methods of pollination) and flowering phenology of feijoa in regions of marginal species occurrence. Progenies of five different crosses were evaluated in 2011 in Pato Branco and Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil. Effective fruit set was low with manual self-pollination and open pollination, but was higher with manual cross-pollination, demonstrating a lack of pollinators or even self-incompatibility in some progenies. For both sites, pollen viability was extremely low and atypical for the species. The flowering period of feijoa started earlier and was extended in these marginal regions. Manual pollination is required for a good fruit set.

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Analysis of the Ventilation Effects on Radon-222 Exhalation in a Dead-End Tunnel

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.304 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 713-715 ◽

pp. 304-313

Author(s):

Shu Guang Wang ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Qing Chen ◽

Jian Hua Chen ◽

Cong Han

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Calculation Model ◽

Radon Exhalation Rate ◽

Exhalation Rate ◽

Radon Exhalation ◽

Exhaust Ventilation ◽

Dead End

The regularity of radon exhalation rate in the over-broken granite tunnel is susceptible to weather conditions and ventilation styles. Based on the calculation model of radon exhalation in tunnel, some experiments have been carried out to analyze the variations of radon exhalation in cases of natural ventilation, blowing ventilation and exhaust ventilation separately. The results show that there is a linear relation between the radon exhalation and the natural ventilation quantity, and also between the radon exhalation and the ambient temperature; the radon exhalation in the case of exhaust ventilation is 63% higher than that in the blowing case under the condition of the same ventilation quantity and ambient temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that operation in the tunnel in high temperature be avoided in summer, and the blowing ventilation be adopted as an effective way for ventilation.

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High Temperature Salt-Fog Corrosion Behavior of a Ni-Based Super Alloy

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.662 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 311-313 ◽

pp. 662-665

Author(s):

Ji Jie Wang ◽

Jian Lan ◽

Duy Gu Turan ◽

Tong Cui ◽

Da Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Aging Time ◽

Salt Solution ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Long Time ◽

Layer Increase ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Salt Fog Corrosion ◽

Salt Fog ◽

Super Alloy

Long time corrosion is carried out on a kind of new Ni-based super alloy used as a component of gas turbine engine, under salt-fog atmosphere at 700°C850°C for 200h. The salt solution component is 75% sodium sulfate plus 25% sodium chloride. The surface of the alloy was coated with salt solution at 150°C and aged at 700°C,750°C,800°C and 850°C for 10h, 50h, 100h and 200h, respectively. It is found that with the increase of temperature and aging time, the weight and thickness of the corrosion layer increase, and the corrosion becomes severer on the alloy surfaces. In the beginning of high-temperature corrosion, the corrosion speed increases quickly, and as prolong of corrosion aging time, corrosion speed turns to be invariable, and it is correlated to the formation of an oxidized layer by which the increasing of corrosion speed is restricted.

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Evaluation of Deutzia x carnea (Lem.) Rehd. as a food source to urban bees

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2012.019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 29-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marzena Masierowska

Keyword(s):

Honey Bees ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Floral Display ◽

Wild Bees ◽

Enrich Food ◽

Pollen Productivity ◽

The Mean ◽

Ornamental Shrub

This 3-year study examined the flowering phenology, to- tal floral display, nectar and pollen production as well as bee visitation to the ornamental shrub Deutzia x carnea (Lem.) Rehd. D. x carnea bloomed from early June until the middle of July. The total flower display reached 47927 flowers per plant. The number of developed flowers strongly depended on weather conditions before and during the flowering period and fluctuated significantly during the years of study. The flower of D. x carnea lived 5 days and the persistence of an inflorescence was 11 days. Nectar productivity per 10 flowers differed significantly between the years of study and ranged between 15.7 and 40.14 mg. Mean sugar content in nectar was 39.7%. The total sugar mass in nectar per 10 flowers averaged 9.91 mg (range: 3.81 – 18.91 mg). Pollen mass per 10 flowers was 16.89 mg. The estimated sugar and pollen productivity per plant was 36.8 g and 40 g, respectively. Among bees (Apoidea), honey bees were principal visitors on Deutzia flowers. The peak of daily activity of honey bees and bumblebees occurred between 11.00 and 15.00 hrs, whereas the presence of other wild bees was noted in the morning and in the late afternoon. All bees gathered mainly nectar, but pollen collectors were also noted. The mean daily visiting rate was 0.0809 visits per flower × min-1. The use of this shrub in gardens and parks should be encouraged in order to enrich food pasture for urban Apoidea. However, its cultivation is limited to areas of mild climate and adequate water supply.

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Application of the Maryblyt Model for the Infection of Fire Blight on Apple Trees at Chungju, Jecheon, and Eumsung during 2015-2020

The Plant Pathology Journal ◽

10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2021.0120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 543-554

Author(s):

Mun-Il Ahn ◽

Sung Chul Yun

Keyword(s):

Fire Blight ◽

Geographic Location ◽

The United States ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Apple Trees ◽

The Common ◽

Flowering Periods ◽

The Difference

To preventively control fire blight in apple trees and determine policies regarding field monitoring, the Maryblyt ver. 7.1 model (MARYBLYT) was evaluated in the cities of Chungju, Jecheon, and Eumseong in Korea from 2015 to 2020. The number of blossom infection alerts was the highest in 2020 and the lowest in 2017 and 2018. And the common feature of MARYBLYT blossom infection risks during the flowering period was that the time of BIR-High or BIR-Infection alerts was the same regardless of location. The flowering periods of the trees required to operate the model varied according to the year and geographic location. The model predicts the risk of “Infection” during the flowering periods, and recommends the appropriate times to control blossom infection. In 2020, when flower blight was severe, the difference between the expected date of blossom blight symptoms presented by MARYBLYT and the date of actual symptom detection was only 1-3 days, implying that MARYBLYT is highly accurate. As the model was originally developed based on data obtained from the eastern region of the United States, which has a climate similar to that of Korea, this model can be used in Korea. To improve field utilization, however, the entire flowering period of multiple apple varieties needs to be considered when the model is applied. MARYBLYT is believed to be a useful tool for determining when to control and monitor apple cultivation areas that suffer from serious fire blight problems.

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The influence of experimental warming on flowering phenology of Moss Campion, Silene acaulis / Experimentel hiting ávirkar blóming hjá leggstuttari túvublómu (Silene acaulis)

Fróðskaparrit - Faroese Scientific Journal ◽

10.18602/fsj.v59i0.47 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Anna Maria Fosaa ◽

Olivia Danielsen ◽

Herborg Nyholm Debes

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Growing Season ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Experimental Warming ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Silene Acaulis ◽

First Flowering Date ◽

Temperature Manipulation

ÚrtakÍ níggju ár kannaðu vit, á hvønn hátt experimentel hiting ávirkar tey ymisku stigini í blómingini hjá leggstuttari túvublómu, Silene acaulis í Føroyum. Hitin varð experimentelt øktur við smáum sekshyrntum vakstrarhúsum, ið eru gjørd úr polycarbonate. Tey eru opin í erva og tí navnið „Open top Champers“ (OTC). Kanningarnar vórðu gjørdar í fjallaøki í 600 m hædd, har blómustigini hjá leggstuttari túvublómu regluliga vórðu mátað í vakstrartíðini frá mai til juli mánað í tíggju OTC og tíggju kontrollum. Kanningarnar, ið vit skriva um í hesi grein, eru frá 2001 og hvørt ár frá 20072010. Vit skrivaðu upp tíðarskeiðið, tá fyrsti blómuknubbin var sjónligur, tíðarskeiðið tá fyrsta blóman var útsprungin, tá fyrsta og seinasta krúnublað følnaði. Kanningarnar eru ein partur av altjóða samstarvinum „International Tundra Experiment“ ITEX, ið er eitt samstarv millum fleiri støð serliga á norðraru hálvu, har kanningar verða gjørdar. Kanningarnar hava til endamáls at granska árinið av veðurlagsbroytingum á plantuvøkstur. Úrslitini frá hesari kanning vísa greiðar munir millum OTC og kontrollarnar. Sum heild komu øll stigini í blómingini umleið eina viku fyrr í OTC enn í kontrollunum. Longdin á øllum blómingartíðarskeiðinum var ikki ymisk í OTC og kontrollunum. Okkara OTC øktu bara hitan umleið 1°C um summarið og broyttu neyvan vetrarhitan. Hetta og ymisk onnur viðurskifti gera, at úrslitini ikki siga okkum alla søguna um broytingarnar í føroyskum plantuvøkstri, sum fara at koma av globalu upphitingini. AbstractOver a period of nine years we studied the influence of experimental warming on the flowering phenology of Moss Campion, Silene acaulis in the Faroes. The temperature was experimentally elevated with hexagonal greenhouses called open top chambers (OTC´s) made by polycarbonate. The experiment was conducted in an alpine area at 600 m a.s.l. where the flowering stage of Silene acaulis was measured regularly during the growing season from May to July in ten OTC´s and ten control plots. In this paper, we present observations from 2001 and every year from 2007 to 2010. We measured four events in the flowering stage: first visible bud (FB), first flowering date (FO), first petal drop (FPD) and last petal drop (LPD). This experiment is a part of „The International Tundra Experiment“ (ITEX) that is a collaborative, multisite experiment using a common temperature manipulation to examine the influence of climate change on vegetation. The results from our experiment showed statistically significant changes between the OTC´s and the control plots for all four events. Typically, the events occurred about one week earlier in the OTC´s. The length of the flowering period from FB to LPD was not significally different in the OTC´s from the control plots. The warming induced by the OTC´s in our experiment was only about 1oC in the summer and less than that in the winter. This and other confounding effects such as sheltering imply that care should be taken when using our results to predict phenological in the Faroes changes induced by global warming.

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Investigations on root and stem rot diseases of oat (Avena sativa L.) with a special regard to temperature and rainfalls

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2003.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (1-2) ◽

pp. 95-107

Author(s):

Irena Kiecana ◽

Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽

Małgorzata Cegiełko ◽

Piotr Pszczółkowski

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Wet Weather ◽

Ripe Stage

Investigations were carried out in 1996-2000 in the Experimental Station of Cultivars Evaluation in Uhnin. Disease symptoms were recorded twice - in the seedling stage (18 in the Tottman's scale) and in milk ripe stage (77 in the Tottman's scale) of oat. The seedlings with root and sheath necrosis or plants with diseased stem base were obtained every year. The percentage of diseased seedlings ranged from 6,0 to 39,5. and percentage of older plants with necrotic stripes on lower internodes ranged from 11,5 to 5O,0.Results of mycological analysis of diseased plants showed that Fusarium spp., especially F.avenaceum and F.culmorum were isolated the most frequently, F.avenaceum was obtained in the seasons with different weather conditions. This indicates great tolerance of this fungus to temperature and humidity. In the seasons with high temperature F.culmorum was predominant. This species also can be tolerant to changing weather conditions. Warm and wet weather was favourable for oat infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana. Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from plants in milk ripe stage in each vegetation seasons. and from seedlings in years 1998 and 1999.

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Flowering phenology of Catopsis compacta (Bromeliaceae), a dioecious epiphyte in an oak forest

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.669 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 736

Author(s):

Jeanett Escobedo-Sarti ◽

Demetria Mondragón

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Oak Forest ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Sexual System ◽

Male And Female ◽

Flowering Synchrony ◽

Flowering Season ◽

Female Flowering ◽

One Year

Background: Knowledge of the flowering phenology of species with an epiphytic habit and a dioecious sexual system is scarce.Questions: We studied the flowering phenology of a population of the dioecious epiphytic bromeliad, Catopsis compacta, in an oak forest in Oaxaca, Mexico, to answer the following questions: 1) what type of flowering period is exhibited by this population of C. compacta? 2) what is the degree of synchrony between the male and female flowering periods? and 3) what is the flowering synchrony index of the population?Methods: In February 2006, in a 20 m × 20 m plot, we marked and measured 151 individuals of C. compacta ≥ 10 cm in height (minimum reproductive size). We recorded the number of flowers and fruits present in each individual every month for one year.Results: Our results showed that the flowering period in both sexes lasted for three months (May–July). Only 23 marked individuals flowered (15.23 %): of these 12 (52.17 %) were female and 11 (47.83 %) were male. The index of synchrony between females and males was 0.958 ± 0.013 and the flowering synchrony index of the population was 0.833 ± 0.189.Conclusions: The high flowering synchrony between the sexes, together with a flowering season that coincided with the period of highest rainfall when the number of arthropods (potential pollinators) is the highest, could favor breeding and, therefore, reproductive success.

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