scholarly journals Direct Bioconversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Bioethanol Production By Solid State Bioconversion

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
M. Fahrurrazi Tompang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

The bioethanol production was conducted by utilizing agriculture waste, palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) with the aid of T. harzianum and yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae using solid state bioconversion method. The compatibility of various fungal strains was done as to develop the direct bioconversion process of compatible mixed culture. Analyzes such ethanol estimation, reducing sugar and glucosamine as growth indicator were conducted in order to select the best experimented run for optimization. The optimization of process conditions, by using central composite design (CCD) was carried out. Optimization of process condition was done with varied level of moisture content, pH, inoculum size, concentration of co-substrate (wheat flour) and mineral solutions. Statistical analysis showed that the optimum process condition for moisture content was 50% (v/w), pH of 4, inoculum size of 10% (v/v), concentration of wheat flour of 1% (v/v) and mineral solutions 1%(v/v). In this study, the application levels of the methods of environmental management in regards to the maximum production were determined. The final optimization with the developed process conditions indicated that the maximum production was increased from 14.315 (v/v) to 34.785(v/v).

scholarly journals Lovastatin Production byAspergillus terreusUsing Agro-Biomass as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
Juan Boo Liang ◽  
Yin Wan Ho ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Yong Meng Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Additional Nitrogen

Ability of two strains ofAspergillus terreus(ATCC 74135 and ATCC 20542) for production of lovastatin in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw (RS) and oil palm frond (OPF) was investigated. Results showed that RS is a better substrate for production of lovastatin in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin has been obtained usingA. terreusATCC 74135 and RS as substrate without additional nitrogen source (157.07 mg/kg dry matter (DM)). Although additional nitrogen source has no benefit effect on enhancing the lovastatin production using RS substrate, it improved the lovastatin production using OPF with maximum production of 70.17 and 63.76 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 andA. terreusATCC 74135, respectively (soybean meal as nitrogen source). Incubation temperature, moisture content, and particle size had shown significant effect on lovastatin production (P<0.01) and inoculums size and pH had no significant effect on lovastatin production (P>0.05). Results also have shown that pH 6, 25°C incubation temperature, 1.4 to 2 mm particle size, 50% initial moisture content, and 8 days fermentation time are the best conditions for lovastatin production in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin using optimized condition was 175.85 and 260.85 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 and ATCC 74135, respectively, using RS as substrate.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Laccase Production by Optimizing the Cultural Conditions for Pleurotus Sajor-Caju in Solid-State Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shradhdha Sharma ◽  
Duggirala Srinivas Murty
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Pleurotus Sajor Caju

Nowadays, a lot of interest has been given to the development of cost-effective and efficient enzyme production technologies. Laccase enzymes are widely used in biotechnological, environmental and industrial sectors. Due to the cost-effectiveness of the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process, it is widely used to produce a broad range of biological products. In this study, optimization of moisture content, temperature, pH, and inoculum size were studied to enhance laccase production ability of Pleurotus sajor-caju in SSF by using One Factor At Time (OFAT) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). OFAT was used as a baseline study for deducing the experimental design of RSM. The highest production of laccase enzyme (1450 U/g) by Pleurotus sajor-caju on wheat straw was observed at 26°C, 6.0 pH, 72.5 % moisture content, 7.5% inoculum size, 1% fructose and 0.5 % peptone. Unlike the conventional inoculum preparation method, here the inoculum was generated by the spawning method for SSF. The molecular weight of partially purified laccase from Pleurotus sajor-caju was estimated to be around 62 K Da using SDS PAGE. The activity staining of laccase was observed as a zymogram on Native PAGE using ABTS as a substrate. Lignin degradation of wheat straw and its structural disruption due to laccase was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Pectinase Production from Banana Peel Biomass via the Optimization of the Solid-state Fermentation Conditions of Aspergillus niger Strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
Nazaitulshila Rasit ◽  
Yong Sin Sze ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
Ooi Chee Kuan ◽  
Sofiah Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Pectinase Production ◽  
Full Factorial

In this study, the biomass of banana peel was used to produce pectinase via optimization of solid-state fermentation conditions of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nigeA. niger). The operating conditions of solid-state fermentation were optimized using the method of full factorial design with incubation temperature ranging between 25 °C and 35 °C, moisture content between 40% and 60%, and inoculum size between 1.6 x 106 spores/mL and 1.4 x 107 spores/mL. Optimizing the solid-state fermentation conditions appeared crucial to minimize the sample used in this experimental design and determine the significant correlation between the operating conditions. A relatively high maximal pectinase production of 27 UmL-1 was attained at 35° C of incubation, 60% of moisture content, and 1.6 x 106 spores/mL of inoculum size with a relatively low amount of substrate (5 g). Given that the production of pectinase with other substrates (e.g., pineapple waste, lemon peel, cassava waste, and wheat bran) generally ranges between 3 U/mL and 16 U/mL (Abdullah et al., 2018; Handa et al., 2016; Melnichuk et al., 2020; Thangaratham and Manimegalai, 2014; Salim et al., 2017), thus the yield of pectinase derived from the banana peel in this study (27 U/mL) was considered moderately high. The findings of this study indicated that the biomass of banana peel would be a potential substrate for pectinase production via the solid-state fermentation of A. niger.

Research on the White-Rot Fungi Degradation of Lignocellulose of Straw

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1151-1155
Author(s):  
Jiang Hong Liu ◽  
Yi Tong Chen ◽  
Rui Dan Xu ◽  
Hong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Additional Experiment ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Degradation Rates

The degradation law of straw lignin by white-rot fungi was studied. The adding amount of synthetic medium, the inoculum size and the temperature were investigated by experiment of single factor and orthogonal experiments. In the 6.5g straw fermentation medium, the optimum process conditions of degrading straw lignin by white-rot fungi were as follows: the adding amount of synthetic medium was 14mL; the inoculum size was 0.8mL; the temperature was 35°C. Through the additional experiment, degradation rate of the lignin was 49.50%; the degradation rates of cellulose and hemicellulose were 38.41% and 47.88%, respectively.

Study on Direct Reduction of Vanadium Slag

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Neng Wei Wang ◽  
Guo Wei Li ◽  
Min Xian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Roasting Temperature ◽  
Slag Reduction

In this paper the process of direct reduction of vanadium slag was adopted. The main factor was determined by uniform experimental design and single factor analysis, and then the optimum process condition was drawn by the test. The test results showed that the regression equation curve fitting of the experiment data was very significant, the main factors affecting the vanadium slag reduction (according to the primary and secondary order) was the content of anhydrous sodium carbonate, roasting temperature, roasting time and reduction of carbon content. The factors for the reduction of the optimum process conditions are the carbon coefficient 1.04, roasting temperature 1100°C, roasting reduction time 4h, 4% mass percent of anhydrous sodium carbonate and slag. Under the optimum conditions, the actual rate of weight loss and theory rate of weight were close to 0, the results could be reproduced, and the vanadium slag metallization rate was 75%~83%.

Optimization of Degrading Poly-Containing Wastewater Conditions of Mixed Bacteria by Orthogonal Experiments

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2386-2390
Author(s):  
Jiang Hong Liu ◽  
Rui Dan Xu ◽  
Yang Pan ◽  
Yuan Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Mixed Bacteria

The factor influencing on the mixed bacteria to degrade wastewater containing poly-containing conditions were optimized. Crude oil as a source of carbon, the effects of nitrogen sources, phosphorus sources, time, inoculation amount, temperature, mineralization content, initial pH value and activation time on degrading poly-containing wastewater were investigated by experiment of single factor and orthogonal experiments. The optimum process conditions were as follows: polyacrylamide (HPAM) which comes from waste water as a source of nitrogen, without other nitrogen source, K2HPO4 was phosphorus sources, the microorganisms activation time was 2, incubation time was 3d, initial pH value was 7, the inoculum size was 5%(v/v), incubation temperature was 35°C, the mineralization degree was 4000 mg•L-1. The main factors affecting degradation rate was nitrogen sources, time, pH, activation time, inoculum size and mineralization content.

Effect of Moisture Content and Inoculum Size on Cell Wall Composition and Ethanol Yield from Switchgrass after Solid-State Pleurotus ostreatus Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1997-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxing Li ◽  
Stephen M. Marek ◽  
Jiaqi Peng ◽  
Zhongdong Liu ◽  
Mark R. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment

Abstract. The white-rot fungus is capable of selectively degrading lignin over polymeric sugars. Solid-state cultivation and subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for ethanol production were performed. Effects of moisture content (MC) and fungus inoculum on biomass degradation, ligninolytic enzyme, and ethanol production were evaluated. First, fungal pretreatment was performed with varied MC and inoculum levels and sampled every 20 days. The highest xylose yield observed was 15.6% for samples with 75% MC and 5 mL inoculum at fungal pretreatment of 40 days. The highest lignin degradation of 52% and highest ethanol yield of 31% (based on the glucan present in the raw switchgrass) were achieved for 80-day fungal-treated samples with 75% MC and 5 mL inoculum. Keywords: KLywords. Bioenergy, Fungal pretreatment, Oyster mushroom, Perennial grass.

Optimization of Preparation Process of Essential Oil of Baokening Granule-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion by Orthogonal Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Fang Luo ◽  
Shun Bin Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Inclusion Process ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Liquid Phase Method ◽  
Inclusion Rate

To study optimum inclusion process conditions for essential oil from perilla and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae in Baokening granule,the utilization ratio of volatile and the inclusion rate were determined to evaluate process conditions, and the condition was optimized with orthogonal design by the liquid-phase method in aqueous solution. The experiment results showed that the optimum preparation conditions for inclusion were established as: oil: ß-CD was 1:8, and ratio of amount of water to ß –CD was 10. The inclusion temperature and time were at 40°C and for 180 min. The yield is high in such optimum process condition and the inclusion effect is good.

scholarly journals Investigation of Processing Technology for Aged Black Jujube

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p107
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Duanyin Gu ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Rentang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Added Water ◽  
Addition Amount ◽  
Water Amount

We investigated how to use jujubes from Xinjiang to make black jujube by temperature-controlled wet high-temperature curing. Single-factor and orthogonal experimental designs L9(3)3 were used to optimize the color change process of the black jujube. The effect of blackening temperature, blackening time and added water amount on the content of cAMP, 5-HMF, polyphenols, total acids, reducing sugars and moisture content were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the optimum process conditions of red jujube aging and blackening black include blackening temperature of 75°C, blackening time of 55 h, and water addition amount of 150 mL per 600 g. Under the best technological conditions, the black jujube was fragrant, sweet, and delicious, and the content of all functional substances, including cAMP (0.0137 g/100g), 5-HMF (0.103 g/100g), polyphenols (2.71 g/100g), total acids (17.09 g/kg), reducing sugars (76.7 g/100g), reached high levels, at a moisture content of 26%.

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