scholarly journals A Brief Survey of the Anjuman-i Islam in Colonial Malaya (Suatu Tinjaun Ringkas Mengenai Anjuman-i Islam di Malaya)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-343
Author(s):  
Hafiz Zakariya
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
British Library ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Leadership Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Official Records

The Anjuman-i-Islam was established in 1921, following the visit of Khwaja Kamaluddin to Singapore and other states in the Peninsula. This study discusses the establishment of the Anjuman-i-Islam during the early twentieth century, as a response to the British growing influence in Malaya. The British administrators were cautious in their treatment of the Muslim matters, which were and still are regarded as very sensitive issues. At the same time, they were suspicious of any activity, which could potentially undermine their position in Malaya. After covering the history of the foundation of the Anjuman-i-Islam, the paper describes the major activities of this association especially in printing. Moreover, it analyses the major achievements as well as challenges facing this Islamic association. It also examines the membership and leadership structure of the Anjuman-i-Islam. Finally, it analyses the attitude of the Anjuman-I-Islam towards the issue of the Caliphate. This study adopts the method of content analysis by investigating the archival materials (such as diplomatic and official memoirs and diaries, British official records, contemporary newspapers, magazines and periodicals). These primary sources are obtained from the National Archives in Kuala Lumpur and its branches, the Library of University Malaya, the Za’ba Memorial Library, the National Archives of United Kingdom, and the British Library. Keywords: Anjuman-I Islam, Malay-Muslims, Indian-Muslims, British and Caliphate.   Abstrak Anjuman-i-Islam telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 1921, ekoran lawatan Khwaja Kamaluddin ke Singapura dan negeri-negeri di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Makalah ini membincangkan penubuhan Anjuman-i-Islam pada awal kurun ke-20 sebagai satu tindak balas dalam menghadapi kekuasaan Inggeris yang semakin kuat di Malaya. Para pentadbir Inggeris amat berhati-hati berurusan dalam hal ehwal berkenaan Muslim kerana urusan ini dianggap sangat sensitif. Dalam masa yang sama, pentadbir Inggeris curiga terhadap sebarang aktiviti yang boleh menjejaskan kedudukan mereka di Malaya. Selepas membincangkan sejarah penubuhan Anjuman, artikel ini menghuraikan aktiviti-aktiviti utama persatuan ini terutamanya di bidang penerbitan.  Ia juga menganalisis pencapaian dan cabaran yang dihadapi persatuan ini. Ia turut menyentuh tentang keahlian dan struktur kepimpinan Anjuman-i-Islam. Akhirnya ia membincangkan sikap Anjuman terhadap isu Khilafah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dengan meneliti data arkib (seperti perjanjian, memoir dan diari, dokumen rasmi Britain, suratkhabar dan jurnal). Data ini diperolehi daripada Arkib Negara di Kuala Lumpur dan cawangan-cawangannya; Perpustakaan Univerisiti Malaya, Perpustakaan Memorial Za’ba, Arkib Negara Britain dan Perpustakaan Britain.  Kata Kunci: Anjuman-i Islam, Melayu-Muslim, India-Muslim, British dan Khilafah.

scholarly journals The manuscript journals of the trial of Charles I: new evidence on their provenance and purpose*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Vallance
Keyword(s):  
British Library ◽  
Public Account ◽  
Charles I ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Historians of the trial of Charles I will be familiar with the two copies of the manuscript journals kept in The National Archives of the U.K. and the U.K. Parliamentary Archives. Besides these manuscripts, two further copies of the trial proceedings are held in the Beinecke Library, Yale, and in the British Library. This article compares these versions to propose a tentative document history of the journals, suggesting that these manuscripts were produced for different purposes: what began as the basis for an authoritative public account of the trial later became a text intended for a more select legal audience.

scholarly journals Book Reviews

1981 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-380
Author(s):  
C Dijk ◽  
A. Reid ◽  
J. Goor ◽  
Francois Valentijn ◽  
F.G.P. Jaquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
British Library ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Land Grants ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The People ◽  
National University ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oxford University Press

- C van Dijk, A. Reid, The blood of the people: Revolution and the end of traditional rule in Northern Sumatra. Kuala Lumpur etc., 1979. Oxford University Press. 288 pp. - J. van Goor, Francois Valentijn, Francois Valentijn’s description of Ceylon, translated and edited by Sinnappah Arasaratnam. Hakluyt Society, Second Series, volume 149 (London 1978) XV + 395 blz. - F.G.P. Jaquet, P.B.R. Carey, The archive of Yogyakarta; an edition of Javanese reports, letters and land grants from the Yogyakarta court dated between A.J. 1698 and A.J. 1740 (1772-1813) taken from materials in the British Library and the India Office Library (London); Vol. I; Documents relating to politics and internal court affairs. Oxford, Oxford University Pres, 1980. XXVI, 227 pp. Ills. Oriental documents, III. - P.E. de Josselin de Jong, Barbara Watson Andaya, Perak: The abode of grace. A study of an eighteenth century Malay state. East Asian Historical Monographs Series. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1979. 444 pp., 7 maps, genealogical table. - G.A. Nagelkerke, Marlene van Doorn, Bouwstoffen voor de sociaal-economische geschiedenis van Indonesië van ca. 1800 tot 1940; een beschrijvende bibliografie - deel 2 (Materials for the socio-economic history of Indonesia from c. 1800-1940; a descriptive bibliography - vol. 2). De Indische Gids, 1879-1941. Amsterdam, Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, 1979, 116 pp. - Anke Niehof, Kevin Sherlock, A bibliography of Timor, Australian National University, Canberra, 1980, 309 pp. - S.O. Robson, L. Mardiwarsito, Kamus Jawa Kuna (Kawi) - Indonesia, Penerbit Nusa Indah, Ende, Flores, 1978. XIV & 426 pp. - S.O. Robson, Soewojo Wojowasito, A Kawi Lexicon, edited by Roger F. Mills, Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia number 17, Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1980. XV & 629 pp. - R. Roolvink, s. Udin, Spectrum, Essays presented to Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana on his seventieth birthday. LII + 656 pp. Dian Rakyat. Jakarta. - R. Roolvink, Leonard Y. Andaya, The Kingdom of Johor 1641-1728. xviii, 394 pp. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1975.

Situating Tribes in History: Lessons from the Archives and the Social Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
Nadav Samin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Official Records

The tribe presents a problem for the historian of the modern Middle East, particularly one interested in personalities, subtleties of culture and society, and other such “useless” things. By and large, tribes did not leave their own written records. The tribal author is a phenomenon of the present or the recent past. There are few twentieth century tribal figures comparable to the urban personalities to whose writings and influence we owe our understanding of the social, intellectual, and political history of the modern Middle East. There is next a larger problem of record keeping to contend with: the almost complete inaccessibility of official records on the postcolonial Middle East. It is no wonder that political scientists and anthropologists are among the best regarded custodians of the region's twentieth century history; they know how to make creative and often eloquent use of drastically limited tools. For many decades, suspicious governments have inhibited historians from carrying out the duties of their vocation. This is one reason why the many rich and original new monographs on Saddam Hussein's Iraq are so important. If tribes are on the margins of the records, and the records themselves are off limits, then one might imagine why modern Middle Eastern tribes are so poorly conceived in the scholarly imagination.

Merchants of War and Peace

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Chuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
British Library ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Opium War ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
National Palace Museum ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of

This book challenges conventional arguments that the major driving forces of the First Opium War were the infamous opium smuggling trade, the defence of British national honour, and cultural conflicts between ‘progressive’ Britain and ‘backward’ China. Instead, it argues that the war was triggered by a group of British merchants in the Chinese port of Canton in the 1830s, known as the ‘Warlike Party’. Living in a period when British knowledge of China was growing rapidly, the Warlike Party came to understand China’s weakness and its members returned to London to lobby for intervention until war broke out in 1839. However, the Warlike Party did not get its way entirely. Another group of British merchants known in Canton as the ‘Pacific Party’ opposed the war. In Britain, the anti-war movement gave the conflict its infamous name, the ‘Opium War’, which has stuck ever since. Using materials housed in the National Archives, UK, the First Historical Archives of China, the National Palace Museum, the British Library, SOAS Library, and Cambridge University Library, this meticulously researched and lucid volume is a new history of the cause of the First Opium War.

scholarly journals Liberating Pathologization? : The Historical Background of the 1961 Decriminalization of Homosexuality in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-300
Author(s):  
Judit Takács ◽  
Tamás P. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Empirical Foundation

Analyzing the principles, considerations, and official explanations underpinning the (de)criminalization of sexual relations between same-sex partners can highlight that around the mid-twentieth century medicalizing references were used in legal and societal judgments on same-sex intimacy in Hungary (and elsewhere). In this study, we want to illustrate the medicalization process of social issues that otherwise seem difficult to “solve” (i.e., these issues, in this case, were put within a psycho-medical ambit) by focusing on a twentieth-century historical example from Hungary. The background of the decriminalization of consensual sexual acts between adult men in the 1961 Hungarian Penal Code will be explored in detail using previously unknown original archival material from 1958. This article will introduce the changes proposed by the Neurology Committee of the Health Science Council (HSC; Egészségügyi Tudományos Tanács) in 1958 leading to the HSC’s unanimous support for a proposal to decriminalize “unnatural fornication” between consenting adults and to the actual decriminalization of homosexuality (i.e., decriminalization of consensual sexual acts between adult men) in 1961. The empirical foundation of the present study includes archival records from the National Archives of Hungary and other primary sources.

Contested Colonial Metrological Sovereignty: The daching riot and the regulation of weights and measures in British Malaya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
POR HEONG HONG ◽  
TAN MIAU ING
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Weights And Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Drug Sellers

Abstract Drawing on materials from the National Archives of Malaysia, newspapers, literature on historical metrology, and the colonial history of Malaya, this article weaves a social history of Malaya's colonial metrological reform by taking into account the roles of both European and Asian historical actors. Prior to the 1894 reform, people in Malaya used customary scales and weight units, which varied across districts, for commercial transactions. Initiated by colonial administrators, the reform was both welcomed and resisted. In 1897, a riot against the Sanitary Board broke out in Kuala Lumpur for its attempt to mandate that previously exempted traders use only government-verified and -stamped scales. The colonial government managed to maintain order and restore its authority at the end of the riot, but four types of merchants—goldsmiths, silversmiths, opium dealers, and drug sellers—managed to remain exempted. Metrological reform continued to be contested in the following century, but the central concerns of the regulation moved from easing taxation, facilitating cross-district trade, and taming Chinese traders to protecting consumers. More emphasis was placed on educating the public to be able to read scales, in addition to using police force to raid businesses. The enforcement was, however, compromised due to inadequate funds. The reality on the ground contradicts the image of an omnipresent colonial authority and reveals the fragility of colonial administration.

scholarly journals A varíola em Portugal no século XVI, a partir dos comentários médicos de Garcia Lopes: transmissão, sintomas e tratamento

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Emília Maria Rocha de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Erythema Infectiosum ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Fifth Disease

Resumo Atualmente conhecemos por exantema um conjunto de erupções cutâneas que costumam acompanhar doenças infeciosas de maior ou menor gravidade, tais como o sarampo, a escarlatina, a rubéola, o eritema infecioso (ou quinta doença), o exantema súbito (ou roséola infantil) e a varicela. A varíola, que haveria de ser dada como erradicada no último quartel do século XX, fazia parte da realidade sanitária portuguesa no século XVI, preocupando os especialistas e atemorizando a população em geral. O médico cristão-novo Garcia Lopes, à semelhança de outros colegas de profissão, não ficou alheio a essa realidade. No livro Commentarii de uaria rei medicae lectione (Antuérpia, 1564), que dedicou ao comentário sobre doenças várias e seu tratamento, o humanista portalegrense, apoiado no seu conhecimento e experiência enquanto clínico, tece considerações sobre a transmissão, os sintomas e o tratamento daquela enfermidade, confrontando-as com o parecer quer de outros médicos seus contemporâneos, como Girolamo Fracastoro, precursor da Microbiologia, quer de insignes autores da Antiguidade, como Galeno. Recorrendo ao método da análise de conteúdo de alguns excertos da obra de Garcia Lopes, procuraremos dar conta do pensamento do médico quinhentista acerca da varíola, para chegarmos a conclusões sobre a forma como, segundo ele, a doença se transmitia, manifestava e devia ser tratada.Palavras-chave: Varíola, Garcia Lopes, História da Medicina Abstract We now know of exanthem as a set of rashes that often accompany infectious diseases of greater or lesser severity, such as measles, scarlet fever, rubella, erythema infectiosum (or fifth disease) roseola infantum (or sixth disease) and varicella. Smallpox, which was to be eradicated in the last quarter of the twentieth century, was part of the Portuguese social-sanitary reality in the sixteenth century, worrying the specialists and frightening the population. The new Christian physician Garcia Lopes, like other colleagues in his profession, was not unaware of this reality. In the book Commentarii de uaria rei medicae lectione (Antwerp, 1564), which he devoted to the commentary on various diseases and their treatment, the humanist from Portalegre, based on his knowledge and experience as a clinician, presents considerations about the transmission, symptoms and treatment of that disease, confronting them with the opinion of medical peers of his day, such as Girolamo Fracastoro, precursor of Microbiology, or of renowned authors of Antiquity, such as Galen. Using the method of content analysis of some excerpts from Garcia Lopes' work, we will attempt to provide an account of the opinion of the 16th century physician on smallpox in order to come to conclusions on how the disease, according to him, was transmitted, manifested and should be treated. Keywords: Smallpox, Garcia Lopes, History of Medicine

Records in a Rival's Repository: Archives of the Dutch East India Company and Related Materials in the India Office Records (British Library), London (and the National Archives of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur)

Itinerario ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-38
Author(s):  
Lennart Bes
Keyword(s):  
East India Company ◽  
British Library ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
British East India Company ◽  
National Archives

AbstractTwo of the former so-called rival empires of trade in the Orient, the Dutch and the British with their respective East India Companies, are today friendly neighbours, closely co-operating both politically and economically. Their erstwhile mercantile rivalry in the East, however, is still reflected in the fact that part of the records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) is nowadays kept in—of all places—the department of India Office Records at the British Library in London, the very repository of the archives of the British East India Company (EIC).This article presents an overview of the relatively unknown and unexplored materials derived, copied, or translated from the VOC and stored in that lion's den. Apart from a few miscellaneous papers, three groups of records will be described: the remaining archives of the VOC establishment at Melaka (in Malaysia), VOC documents in the Mackenzie collections, and relevant materials in the archives of the EIC. The bulk of the first group of records and parts of the second and third group are unique. In addition, the few Dutch records from Melaka that still remain in Malaysia will be dealt with in an Appendix.

The British Constitution in the Twentieth Century

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Constitutional Reforms ◽  
History Of

This is the first survey of the British constitution in the twentieth century. Indeed, it fills a very real gap in the history of Britain during the last 100 years. The book is a product of interdisciplinary collaboration by constitutional lawyers, historians, and political scientists, and draws where possible on primary sources. It is an evaluation of the recent constitutional reforms.

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