scholarly journals MEMS AND MORE FOR THE BRAIN: THE CLUSTER OF EXCELLENCE BRAINLINKS-BRAINTOOLS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Paul ◽  
P. Ruther
Keyword(s):  
The University ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Reasons for brain drain from the point of view of faculty members at the University of Jordan: أسباب هجرة العقول من وجهة نظر أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في الجامعة الأردنية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maen Hamdan Slamah Al- Zboun
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Causes ◽  
The Brain

  The study aimed to know the reasons for the brain drain from the viewpoint of the faculty members at the University of Jordan and to achieve the goals of the study the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, and the tool was represented in a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of faculty members at the University of Jordan, the number of (100) faculty members , And the SPSS program was used in statistical processing. The results of the study revealed that the overall tool obtained; the causes of brain drain on average (3.82 out of 5) with a verbal (large) estimate and at the level of fields; the field of economic reasons obtained the highest average (4.14) followed by the field of social causes with an average (3.69) and both with a verbal (large) And, thirdly, the field of political causes, with an average of (3.64), with a verbal estimate (average), There were statistically significant differences at the level of (α≤0.05) between the averages of the sample responses attributable to the variable of the college specialization, and for the benefit of the scientific colleges. Aim which enables rare minds to find their specialties within the Arab world.    

scholarly journals Certificate Of Online Learning And Teaching (COLT) At The University Of Hawaii: A Horse Of Another Color For Earning College Credits

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Menchaca ◽  
Ellen S. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
College Credits ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Innovative Program ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
World Class ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain

Current conventional wisdom may perceive that higher education is outdated and maybe even likely to collapse. Online education is often predicted to replace brick-and-mortar campuses with systems providing students access to world-class learning via smartphones and tablets. Many private and commercial ventures are embracing such concepts. However, in the race to implement large-scale models, significant key elements such as understanding that learning can be social, affective, personal, and even cultural may be missing. Thus, creative yet research-based programs at the university level are needed. While it is true that existing university structures might inhibit the implementation of radical programs, there are opportunities where such innovation can be offered. In the case of the Department of Educational Technology at the University of Hawaii, an option for a program at the certificate level not necessarily leading to a traditional degree was provided. The certificate option provided an opportunity to explore entrepreneurial models while also incorporating what we understand about learning, the brain, and newer technologies. This paper describes the circumstances and approach that led to the creation of an innovative program that still fit within current university structures.

Neurological manifestations of tuberous sclerosis in children (own observations)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (223) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Aigerim Balykbayeva ◽  
◽  
Dina Bakrayeva ◽  
Gaukhar Ospanova ◽  
Yekaterina Talipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Cortical Dysgenesis ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain

Tuberous sclerosis (Pringle-Burneville disease) is a polysystemic genetic disease and occurs in the population with a frequency of 1:50000. Objective of the study. To study neuropsychic status and dynamics of tuberous sclerosis development in children. Material and Methods. Have been examined 33 children aged from 1 to 14 years, who were observed in the neurological pediatric department of the University Clinic ("Aksay") of Asfendiyarov KazNMU. All children had apigmented spots and coffee-milk stains on the torso and extremities, not protruding above the skin level. All children showed characteristic neuroimaging changes in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) - areas of dyshinesia cortically and subcortically, i.e. tubercles. As well as changes in internal organs (hamartoma variants). All children underwent a complete laboratory examination (general blood count, standard biochemical parameters), electroencephalography of the brain (EEG), as well as ultrasound examination of internal organs. Results and conclusions. As a result of our study, it was revealed that the main symptom confirming the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis is the presence of tubers (95-100% of patients). Moreover, there is a topographical relationship between tubers detected during MRI examination and the presence of foci on the EEG. Thus, a particular manifestation of the disease in patients is symptomatic epilepsy with onset in the first months of life (96% of patients). Keywords: tuberous sclerosis, epilepsy, children, hamartomas, pigmented spots, cortical dysgenesis, tubers.

Making (Bio)Logical Connections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Transition Rule ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain

At first blush, computing and biology seem an odd couple, yet they formed a liaison of sorts from the very first years of the electronic digital computer. Following a seminal paper published in 1943 by neurophysiologist Warren McCulloch and mathematical logician Warren Pitts on a mathematical model of neuronal activity, John von Neumann of the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton, presented at a symposium in 1948 a paper that compared the behaviors of computer circuits and neuronal circuits in the brain. The resulting publication was the fountainhead of what came to be called cellular automata in the 1960s. Von Neumann’s insight was the parallel between the abstraction of biological neurons (nerve cells) as natural binary (on–off) switches and the abstraction of physical computer circuit elements (at the time, relays and vacuum tubes) as artificial binary switches. His ambition was to unify the two and construct a formal universal theory. One remarkable aspect of von Neumann’s program was inspired by the biology: His universal automata must be able to self-reproduce. So his neuron-like automata must be both computational and constructive. In 1955, invited by Yale University to deliver the Silliman Lectures for 1956, von Neumann chose as his topic the relationship between the computer and the brain. He died before being able to deliver the lectures, but the unfinished manuscript was published by Yale University Press under the title The Computer and the Brain (1958). Von Neumann’s definitive writings on self-reproducing cellular automata, edited by his one-time collaborator Arthur Burks of the University of Michigan, was eventually published in 1966 as the book Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. A possible structure of a von Neumann–style cellular automaton is depicted in Figure 7.1. It comprises a (finite or infinite) configuration of cells in which a cell can be in one of a finite set of states. The state of a cell at any time t is determined by its own state and those of its immediate neighbors in the preceding point of time t – 1, according to a state transition rule.

5 Models of the world: from perception to hallucination

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. e2.3-e2
Author(s):  
Paul Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
External Reality ◽  
Consultant Psychiatrist ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain

Paul Fletcher is Wellcome Investigator and Bernard Wolfe Professor of Health Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge. He is also Director of Studies for Preclinical Medicine at Clare College and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist with the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. He studied Medicine, before carrying out specialist training in Psychiatry and taking a PhD in cognitive neuroscience. He researches human perception, learning and decision-making in health and mental illness.We do not have direct contact with external reality. We must rely on messages from the sense organs, conveying information about the state of the world and our bodies. These messages are not easy to decipher, being noisy and ambiguous, but from them we have to construct models of the world. I will discuss this challenge and how we are very adept at creating a model of reality based on achieving a balance between what our senses are telling us and our expectations of what should be the case. This is often referred to as the predictive processing framework.Relying on this balance comes at a cost, rendering us vulnerable to illusions and biases and, in more extreme cases, to creating a reality that diverges from that experienced by others. This can arise for a variety of reasons but, at the root, I suggest, lies the nature of the brain as a model-building organ. Though this divergence from reality – psychosis – often seems inexplicable and incomprehensible, I suggest that a few core principles can help us to understand it and offers ways of thinking about how phenomena like hallucinations can be understood. Interestingly, the framework suggests ways in which apparently similar phenomena like hallucinations can arise from distinct alterations to the function of a predictive processing system.

scholarly journals EEG Synchronization Analysis for Seizure Prediction: A Study on Data of Noninvasive Recordings

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Detti ◽  
Giampaolo Vatti ◽  
Garazi Zabalo Manrique de Lara
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Method ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Seizure Prediction ◽  
Classification Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder arising from anomalies of the electrical activity in the brain, affecting ~65 million individuals worldwide. Prediction methods, typically based on machine learning methods, require a large amount of data for training, in order to correctly classify seizures with small false alarm rates. Methods: In this work, we present a new database containing EEG scalp signals of 14 epileptic patients acquired at the Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology of the University of Siena, Italy. Furthermore, a patient-specific seizure prediction method, based on the detection of synchronization patterns in the EEG, is proposed and tested on the data of the database. The use of noninvasive EEG data aims to explore the possibility of developing a noninvasive monitoring/control device for the prediction of seizures. The prediction method employs synchronization measures computed over all channel pairs and a computationally inexpensive threshold-based classification approach. Results and conclusions: The experimental analysis, performed by inspection and by the proposed threshold-based classifier on all the patients of the database, shows that the features extracted by the synchronization measures are able to detect preictal and ictal states and allow the prediction of the seizures few minutes before the seizure onsets.

scholarly journals No Detectable Electroencephalographic Activity After Clinical Declaration of Death Among Tibetan Buddhist Meditators in Apparent Tukdam, a Putative Postmortem Meditation State

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan T. Lott ◽  
Tenzin Yeshi ◽  
N. Norchung ◽  
Sonam Dolma ◽  
Nyima Tsering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
The University ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Early Postmortem

Recent EEG studies on the early postmortem interval that suggest the persistence of electrophysiological coherence and connectivity in the brain of animals and humans reinforce the need for further investigation of the relationship between the brain’s activity and the dying process. Neuroscience is now in a position to empirically evaluate the extended process of dying and, more specifically, to investigate the possibility of brain activity following the cessation of cardiac and respiratory function. Under the direction of the Center for Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, research was conducted in India on a postmortem meditative state cultivated by some Tibetan Buddhist practitioners in which decomposition is putatively delayed. For all healthy baseline (HB) and postmortem (PM) subjects presented here, we collected resting state electroencephalographic data, mismatch negativity (MMN), and auditory brainstem response (ABR). In this study, we present HB data to demonstrate the feasibility of a sparse electrode EEG configuration to capture well-defined ERP waveforms from living subjects under very challenging field conditions. While living subjects displayed well-defined MMN and ABR responses, no recognizable EEG waveforms were discernable in any of the tukdam cases.

Rebel Genius

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara H. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
American Science ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain

Warren S. McCulloch (1898-1969) has become an icon of the American cybernetics movement and of current work in the cognitive neurosciences. Much of this legacy stems from his classic 1943 work with Walter Pitts on the logic of neural networks, and from his colourful role as chairman of the Macy Conferences on Cybernetics (1946-1953). This biographical work looks beyond McCulloch’s iconic status by exploring the varied scientific, personal, and institutional contexts of McCulloch’s life. By doing so, the book presents McCulloch as a transdisciplinary investigator who took on many scientific identities beyond that of a cybernetician: scientific philosopher, neurophysiologist, psychiatrist, poet, mentor-collaborator, and engineer, and finally, his public persona towards the end of his life, the rebel genius. The book argues that these identities were neither products of McCulloch’s own will nor were they simply shaped by his institutional contexts. In integrating context and agency, the book as provides a more nuanced and rich understanding of McCulloch’s role in the history of American science as well as the institutional contexts of scientific investigations of the brain and mind: in particular at Yale University, the University of Illinois at Chicago, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The book argues that one of McCulloch’s most important contributions was opening up new ways of understanding the brain: no longer simply an object of medical investigation, the brain became the centre of the multidisciplinary neurosciences.

scholarly journals Influence of Gender and Age on Average Dimensions of Arteries Forming the Circle of Willis Study by Magnetic Resonance Angiography on Kosovo’s Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeton Shatri ◽  
Dorentina Bexheti ◽  
Sadi Bexheti ◽  
Serbeze Kabashi ◽  
Shaip Krasniqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Cadaver Studies ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain

BACKGROUND: Circulus arteriosus cerebri is the main source of blood supply to the brain; it connects the left and right hemispheres with anterior and posterior parts. Located at the interpenducular fossa at the base of the brain the circle of Willis is the most important source of collateral circulation in the presence of the disease in the carotid or vertebral artery.AIM: The purpose of the research is to study the diameter and length of arteries and provide an important source of reference on Kosovo’s population.METHODS: This is an observative descriptive study performed at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. A randomised sample of 133 angiographic examinations in adult patients of both sexes who were instructed to exploration is included.RESULTS: The diameters and lengths measured in our study were comparable with other brain-cadaver studies especially those performed by MRA. All dimensions of the arteries are larger in male than female, except the diameter of PCoA that is larger in female (p < 0.05) and length of the ACoA (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in diameters of arteries between the younger and the older age groups.CONCLUSION: Knowing the dimensions of the arteries of the circle of Willis has a great importance in interventional radiology as well as during anatomy lessons.

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