Heterosis of Apparent Photosynthesis Rate in Arachis hypogaea L.1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
J. E. Pallas
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Reciprocal Differences

Abstract Complete diallel crosses were made among three parental peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes to gain a better understanding of photosynthetic inheritance. Highly controlled environmental conditions were used throughout the study to determine apparent photosynthetic rates. Results indicated significant differences among parents and F1 hybrids. Reciprocal differences were also observed between certain cross combinations. Dominance and overdominance effects were found under these test regimes which suggest a heterotic response for this important characteristic.

Regeneration of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) plantlets by in vitro culture of immature leaves

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 826-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Mroginski ◽  
K. K. Kartha ◽  
J. P. Shyluk
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Bud Regeneration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The in vitro regeneration of buds, shoots, and roots from immature leaves of 3- to 5-day-old peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Colorado Manfredi) seedlings was studied under defined nutritional, hormonal, and environmental conditions. The first two leaves (2–5 mm in length) removed from aseptically germinated seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing vitamins as in B5 medium and 0.8% agar, supplemented with 12 combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.01 to 4 mg/L) and benzyladenine (BA) (1 and 3 mg/L). Bud regeneration occurred in all hormone combinations, but the maximum number of buds was regenerated at a concentration of 1 mg/L each of NAA and BA. Although bud regeneration was maximum with 2- to 5-mm-long leaflets, some success was also obtained with leaflets 8–13 mm long. However, no buds were regenerated when fully expanded leaflets were cultured.Development of buds into shoots was readily achieved by transferring regenerated buds into fresh medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BA. A few roots were induced to grow when callus with buds was also transferred to medium devoid of hormones. So far, bud regeneration from immature leaves has been induced in vitro in 5 of the 10 cultivars tested.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis analyses for oil and healthy fatty acid composition in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Rayhan Sikder ◽  
Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Sariful Haque Bhuiya ◽  
Khondakar Sumsul Arefin ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Hassan Sohag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Development of a variety having high oil content and desirable fatty acid compositions is a major objective of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programmes. To study the gene action (through combining ability) and heterosis for oil and fatty acids, an experiment was conducted using a 4 × 4 full diallel method. Four parents and their 12 F1 hybrids were evaluated following a randomized complete block design. Data were recorded for oil, fatty acids and oleic-linolenic (O/L) acid ratio. Highly significant genotypic variation was found among the parents and their F1 hybrids for the studied traits. The combining ability studies (general, specific and reciprocal) reflected that the oil and fatty acid traits were controlled by both non-additive and additive genes having significant maternal effects. Results also revealed that the parent China Badam was the best general combiner for oil, linolenic acid and O/L ratio whereas the parent Binachinabadam-4 for oleic and linoleic acids. Best SCA performance was found from the cross Dacca-1 × China Badam and Binachinabadam-4 × China Badam for oil, oleic- and linolenic-acid contents. Significant heterosis for oil content was observed in F1 hybrids obtained from the cross Binachinabadam-4 × China Badam and its reciprocal cross. The cross China Badam × GC (24)-1-1-1 showed a higher O/L ratio (>4) along with lower level of saturated fatty acids. Therefore, these crosses could be exploited in future breeding programmes to develop new lines for higher oil and healthy fatty acid compositions.

Influence of Crop Rotation on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Bradyrhizobium in North Carolina

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
J. Steven Barnes ◽  
Tommy Corbett ◽  
Clyde Bogle ◽  
Ty Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium can vary depending on edaphic and environmental conditions and cropping history. Determining if response is associated with the number years between peanut plantings may increase understanding of when to expect a positive response to inoculation of peanut. Four experiments were conducted in North Carolina to determine peanut response to in-furrow inoculation with Bradyrhizobium when a range of years and typical crops grown in North Carolina often separating peanut plantings. Rotations varied from continuous peanut in some experiments to as many as five years of a non-peanut crop separating peanut plantings. The interaction of crop rotation by inoculation treatment (no inoculation versus in-furrow application of Bradyrhizobium) was not significant for visually estimated peanut canopy color or pod yield in any of the experiments. However, the main effect of rotation was significant in three of four experiments while the main effect of inoculation was significant in two of four experiments. Increasing the number of years a non-peanut crop was planted between peanut plantings increased yield in three of four experiments. Results from these experiments suggest that using the number of non-peanut crops included between peanut plantings is not a good indicator of determining when peanut will respond positively to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium.

Translocation of Photosynthetically Assimilated 14C in Peanut (Arachis) Genotypes1

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Bhagsari ◽  
R. H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract Two experiments were conducted, one in the field and one in a growth chamber to determine the range of translocation of 14C labeled photosynthate among peanut genotypes. Single attached leaves of peanut genotypes, which differed in photosynthetic rates, were exposed to 14CO2 in the field and in a growth chamber. A significant difference in translocation was found among the genotypes in the growth chamber experiment with a range of 22 to 45% of assimilated 14C translocation from the exposed leaf in 6 hours. The average translocation percentage of two cultivated genotypes (Arachis hypogaea L.), common to both experiments, was 27.2 in the field and 41.9 in the growth chamber. By comparison two wild species, A. pintoi Krap. et Greg. (Unpubl.) and A. villosulicarpa Hoehne translocated an average of 19.4% in the field and 27.4% in the growth chamber. However, A. monticola Krap. et Rig., a wild species included in the growth chamber experiment, had a translocation percentage similar to the cultivated species. A significant positive correlation (r = +0.79) was found between the rates of translocation and net photosynthetic rates.

scholarly journals Response of the Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Gregory to Interactions of Digging Date and Disease Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Barbara B. Shew ◽  
P. Dewayne Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Rescue Treatment

Digging date can have a major impact on pod yield, market grade characteristics, and economic return of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and can be influenced by environmental conditions and disease management. In 17 experiments from 2003 to 2012, economic return of peanut was determined over 5 digging dates spaced 1 week apart beginning in early to mid-September through mid-October. Linear, quadratic, and cubic relationships for economic return versus days after peanut emergence were observed in 3, 6, and 4 experiments, respectively, with no response to digging date observed in 4 experiments. In a second experiment from 2005 to 2012, relationships among canopy defoliation and economic return for peanut at 3 digging dates with 3 fungicide regimes were variable, although increasing the number of fungicide sprays decreased canopy defoliation and increased economic return for later digging dates. Applying a single late-season spray of fungicide as a rescue treatment reduced canopy defoliation in 4 of 8 years and affected economic value in 2 of 8 years.

GERMINACIÓN DE SEMILLAS DE CACAHUATE (Arachis hypogaea L.) UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES DOSIS DE GIBERELINA.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. García Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Objetivo: Evaluar la germinación de cacahuate (Arachis hypogaea L.) mediante el uso de diferentes dosis de ácido giberélico (GA3). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar. Se utilizaron tres tratamientos con 20 repeticiones. Tratamiento 1: 0.05gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3), Tratamiento 2: 0.10gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3), Tratamiento 3: 0.15gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3) y Tratamiento 0: Testigo. Se utilizaron semillas de cacahuate de la variedad Virginia. Los parámetros a evaluar fueron, la altura de plántula, número de hojas, medida de raíz y biomasa.  Las medias fueron comparadas por la prueba de Tukey a un nivel del 5% de confianza. Resultados: Los tratamientos indicaron que el Tratamiento 0 (Testigo) obtuvo un porcentaje de germinación de 85%, siendo mayor que el tratamiento 3 (0.15gr/L de GA3) con un 75% de germinación, sin embargo, el tratamiento 1 (0.05gr/L de GA3) y 2 (0.10gr/L de GA3) presentaron una mejor respuesta al obtener un 95% de germinación cada uno. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El tratamiento 3 causa efectos negativos en la germinación de la planta. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Es necesario dar seguimiento a la investigación para un mejor control del ambiente y ampliar las dosis de GA3, así como aumentar la velocidad de germinación aplicando 0.15gr/L de GA3.

QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE AMENDOIM (Arachis hypogaea L.) ARMAZENADAS

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Diniz ◽  
C.L. Silva ◽  
M.B. Muniz ◽  
V.P. Queiroga ◽  
R.L.A. Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap Sistem Tanam Alur dan Pemberian Jenis Pupuk

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Rizal Mahdi Kurniawan ◽  
Heni Purnamawati ◽  
Yudiwanti Wahyu E. K
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Plot Design

<p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sistem tanam alur dan pemberian jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Leuwikopo IPB Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan Februari - Juni 2013. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu sistem tanam alur sebagai petak utama dan jenis pupuk sebagai anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem tanam alur meningkatkan daya hasil pada produktivitas biji kering, produktivitas polong kering, dan bobot kering biji per tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan sistem tanam konvensional. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan perlakuan sistem tanam alur yang memiliki produktivitas 2.93 ton/ha polong kering, sedangkan sistem tanam konvensional sebesar 2.55 ton/ha polong kering. Sistem budidaya kacang tanah pada sistem tanam alur dapat meningkatkan efisiensi tanaman dalam memanfaatkan unsur hara yang telah diberikan baik pupuk organik maupun anorganik, sehingga pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang tanah menjadi lebih baik. Pemberian jenis pupuk kandang ayam + Dolomit + NPK memberikan respon terhadap pertumbuhan dan  daya hasil rata-rata tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis pupuk lainnya.</em></p>

Comparison of foliar and soil applications for correction of iron deficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Akhtar ◽  
Nazneen Bangash ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal ◽  
Armghan Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L
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