scholarly journals Natural Crossing of Peanut in Virginia1

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Coffelt
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Natural Crossing ◽  
Isolation Distances ◽  
Seed Increase

Abstract Pedigreed natural crossing has been suggested as a technique for increasing the number of hybrids in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programs, when used in conjunction with the conventional crossing procedure. Since the success of this technique is dependent upon the natural crossing frequencies, a study was conducted from 1984-1986 to determine the current natural crossing frequency in Virginia peanut breeding plots. The cultivar Florigiant was used as the female parent, and the genetic line Krinkle was used as the male parent in a field plot each year. Krinkle has a dominant leaf characteristic easily identified in the hybrid progeny. Seed harvested from the Florigiant parent were planted in subsequent years, and the percentage of Krinkle plants determined for calculating the frequency of outcrossing. The frequency varied with environment from 2.8% in 1984 to 0.0% in 1986. The rate in 1984 was about four times the amount of natural crossing previously reported in Virginia. These results indicate that isolation distances between cultivars in seed fields may need to be greater than in current regulations, and cultivars need to be closely rogued for off-type plants during seed increase.

Development and Phenotyping of Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) Populations for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
P. Ozias-Akins ◽  
Y. Chu ◽  
S. J. Knapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Line ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nested Association Mapping ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Increase ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The identification of molecular markers for economically significant traits should greatly improve the speed and efficiency of all peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programs. Development and phenotypic evaluation of recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of peanut, along with molecular genotyping, will be essential for association of markers with traits. The primary objectives of this research were to develop 16 structured RIL populations that can be used by the peanut research community, and to begin high-resolution phenotyping of these populations. Crosses were made using a 2 by 8 (common by unique) factorial nested association mapping design. Parents were selected to attempt to maximize genetic diversity while meeting practical breeding objectives. First, two modern runner cultivars (Tifrunner and Florida-07) were selected as common parents because runner cultivars account for about 80% of the production in the U.S. Second, the eight unique parents were selected to supply diversity across market classes and botanical varieties and are donors of favorable alleles for enhancing drought tolerance and resistance to most important disease of peanut in the U.S. The eight unique parents are N08082olJCT (a Bailey derived high oleic breeding line), C76-16, NC 3033, SPT 06-06, SSD 6 (PI 576638), OLin, New Mexico Valencia A, and Florunner. The 16 populations were advanced using summer and winter nurseries. Input from multiple disciplines has resulted in a prioritized list of populations and traits that should be examined, and seed increase has begun to provide the community with material for extensive phenotyping. In-depth phenotyping and genotyping of these populations should result in markers that can be deployed by breeding programs for the development of improved cultivars.

Genetic Relationship between Purple and Wine Testa Color in Peanut1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Testa Color ◽  
Color Gene

Abstract A better understanding of the genetic relationship among different testa colors is needed in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programs. Numerous genes are involved in this important U.S. market quality trait. However, the relationship among some of these genes is not yet known. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction among the three genes (P, w1, and w2) controlling purple and wine testa color. No maternal or cytoplasmic differences were found among three reciprocal purple x wine testcrosses. The F1, F2, and F3 segregation results suggest that purple testa color of PI 331334 differs from that of wine testa color parental lines (PI 264549, Wine-Frr 1 and Wine-Frr 2) by only two genes. These findings illustrate that the dominant purple testa color gene (P) is independent from at least one of the two recessive wine genes (w1 w1 or w2w2).

scholarly journals Morphological diversities and associated preference traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) landraces from central and southern Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050-1061
Author(s):  
David Montcho ◽  
Pascal Gbénou ◽  
Antoine Abel Missihoun ◽  
Fiacre Assogba ◽  
Djidjoho A.T. Hodehou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Trait Preferences

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in Benin is limited by several biotic and abiotic stresses. The objectives of this study were to document varietal trait preferences and peanut genetic diversity for breeding programs. A survey in the South and Center of Benin and an agro-morphological characterization was carried out. Results showed that farmers used five criteria, namely yield (seeds and pods), size of seeds, number of seeds per pod, oil content, and quality of the paste for selecting a variety. The clustering based on ten qualitative traits showed a variability structure in three groups based on the leaflets shape, plant habit, and branching pattern. The principal component analysis carried out on the quantitative traits indicated six groups of accessions. The group 3 of the latest analysis is composed of Azii alorga and Kamalo with interesting characteristics and showing a good criteria as seeds size (SDL= 14.62 ± 0.48 mm), and pods size (average pod length and width respectively PoL = 33.70 ± 1.14 mm, Pow = 14.87 ± 0.29 mm). The results should be prioritized for breeding programs to improve the good criteria found in other peanut varieties. It will be helpful for farmers in selecting performant varieties.

Pedigreed Natural Crossing to Identify Peanut Testa Genotypes1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray O. Hammons ◽  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Crossing ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract Pedigreed natural crossing to produce marker-identified hybrids for specific uses has been exploited in USDA-ARS/Georgia cooperative peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm enhancement projects since the discovery in 1959 of suitable genetic markers. The principal advantages of natural hybridization using dominant alternative alleles to identify the outcrosses are that (1) the production of F1 hybrid plants is not dependent upon conventional manual emasculation, (2) the identification and harvest of plants exhibiting the markers can be performed by semiskilled workers, and (3) the procedure is more economical than the standard crossing method. We utilized pedigreed natural crosses to screen an extensive sample of white-testa peanut phenotypes from the world gene pool for the five-loci recessive genotype, r1 r1 f1 f1 f2 f2 d1 d1 d2 d2. Four accessions, ‘Spanwhite”, P. I. 299468, P. I. 408730, and P. I. 306228, were found to be recessive at all five of the loci which condition testa color. F2 populations from marker-identified natural crosses of each of these lines to a tester genotype which was homozygously dominant at four of the testa-color loci fit the ratio of 225 tan:31 white expected from the cross of these genotypes.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Seed Dormancy in a Cross Between Two Spanish Peanut Cultivars1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-L. B. Khalfaoui
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Complex Additive ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Obtaining early maturing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Spanish) with seed dormancy is a major objective in breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of seed dormancy in a cross between the only dormant, early maturing cultivar that is currently released (73–30) and a very early maturing non-dormant cultivar (Chico). Results showed that genetic control is not very complex (additive, dominance and digenic epistatic effects). Broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities ranged between 0.49 and 0.57. These results indicate that pedigree selection for dormancy could be successfully carried out in Spanish type cultivars using 73–30 as a parent.

GERMINACIÓN DE SEMILLAS DE CACAHUATE (Arachis hypogaea L.) UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES DOSIS DE GIBERELINA.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. García Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Objetivo: Evaluar la germinación de cacahuate (Arachis hypogaea L.) mediante el uso de diferentes dosis de ácido giberélico (GA3). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar. Se utilizaron tres tratamientos con 20 repeticiones. Tratamiento 1: 0.05gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3), Tratamiento 2: 0.10gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3), Tratamiento 3: 0.15gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3) y Tratamiento 0: Testigo. Se utilizaron semillas de cacahuate de la variedad Virginia. Los parámetros a evaluar fueron, la altura de plántula, número de hojas, medida de raíz y biomasa.  Las medias fueron comparadas por la prueba de Tukey a un nivel del 5% de confianza. Resultados: Los tratamientos indicaron que el Tratamiento 0 (Testigo) obtuvo un porcentaje de germinación de 85%, siendo mayor que el tratamiento 3 (0.15gr/L de GA3) con un 75% de germinación, sin embargo, el tratamiento 1 (0.05gr/L de GA3) y 2 (0.10gr/L de GA3) presentaron una mejor respuesta al obtener un 95% de germinación cada uno. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El tratamiento 3 causa efectos negativos en la germinación de la planta. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Es necesario dar seguimiento a la investigación para un mejor control del ambiente y ampliar las dosis de GA3, así como aumentar la velocidad de germinación aplicando 0.15gr/L de GA3.

QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE AMENDOIM (Arachis hypogaea L.) ARMAZENADAS

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Diniz ◽  
C.L. Silva ◽  
M.B. Muniz ◽  
V.P. Queiroga ◽  
R.L.A. Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap Sistem Tanam Alur dan Pemberian Jenis Pupuk

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Rizal Mahdi Kurniawan ◽  
Heni Purnamawati ◽  
Yudiwanti Wahyu E. K
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Plot Design

<p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sistem tanam alur dan pemberian jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Leuwikopo IPB Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan Februari - Juni 2013. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu sistem tanam alur sebagai petak utama dan jenis pupuk sebagai anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem tanam alur meningkatkan daya hasil pada produktivitas biji kering, produktivitas polong kering, dan bobot kering biji per tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan sistem tanam konvensional. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan perlakuan sistem tanam alur yang memiliki produktivitas 2.93 ton/ha polong kering, sedangkan sistem tanam konvensional sebesar 2.55 ton/ha polong kering. Sistem budidaya kacang tanah pada sistem tanam alur dapat meningkatkan efisiensi tanaman dalam memanfaatkan unsur hara yang telah diberikan baik pupuk organik maupun anorganik, sehingga pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang tanah menjadi lebih baik. Pemberian jenis pupuk kandang ayam + Dolomit + NPK memberikan respon terhadap pertumbuhan dan  daya hasil rata-rata tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis pupuk lainnya.</em></p>

Comparison of foliar and soil applications for correction of iron deficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Akhtar ◽  
Nazneen Bangash ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal ◽  
Armghan Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L
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