Purple Nutsedge Control in Peanut as Affected by Imazameth and Imazethapyr Application Timing1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
J. W. Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments in 1994 and 1995 compared control by imazameth at 53 and 71 g ai/ha and imazethapyr at 71 g ai/ha applied to purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) 5, 10, 20, or 30 cm tall. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) injury was not observed with either herbicide. Imazameth and imazethapyr were similarly effective on purple nutsedge for the first 1 to 2 mo after planting. Regardless of application timing, imazameth was more effective than imazethapyr at approximately 3 mo or more after planting. Timing of application affected late-season control by imazameth only in 1995 where greater control was obtained when applied to 10- or 20-cm purple nutsedge. Peanut yields were variable in 1994 and were not related to the imidazolinone herbicide used, the herbicide rate, or the level of purple nutsedge control. In 1995, yield from plots treated with imazameth at 53 g/ha was greater than yield from plots treated with imazameth or imazethapyr at 71 g/ha. Timing of herbicide application did not affect yield.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Lactofen at Various Postemergence Timings1

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
T. L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Preharvest Interval

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at nine locations in Texas and Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut tolerance to lactofen. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate was applied to peanut at 6 leaf (lf), 6 lf followed by (fb) 15 days after the initial treatment (DAIT), 15 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 30 DAIT, 30 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 45 DAIT, 45 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 60 DAIT, and 60 DAIT alone in weed-free plots. Lactofen caused visible leaf bronzing at all locations. Yield loss was observed when applications were made 45 DAIT, a timing that would correspond to plants in the R5 (beginning seed) to R6 (full seed) stage of growth. At all locations except the Texas High Plains, this application timing was within the 90 d preharvest interval. Growers who apply lactofen early in the peanut growing season to small weeds should have confidence that yields will not be negatively impacted despite dramatic above-ground injury symptoms; however, applications made later in the season, during seed fill, may adversely affect yield.

Density Effect and Economic Threshold of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Long Du ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Jianhong Chen ◽  
Xiaojing Jiang ◽  
Qian Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Density Effect ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Comparison of Metolachlor and Dimethenamid for Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) Control and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Injury1

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
R. G. Lemon ◽  
D. C. Sestak ◽  
K. D. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted during 1996 and 1997 at four locations in Texas to evaluate metolachlor and dimethenamid for yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) control and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) injury. Dimethenamid and metolachlor were applied PPI or PRE at 0.6X to 2x the suggested label rates. Yellow nutsedge failed to develop at one location; however, early season yellow nutsedge control with dimethenamid and metolachlor were similar at one location, and at two other locations metolachlor provided greater nutsedge control than dimethenamid. Furthermore, late season yellow nutsedge control at the three locations was better with metolachlor than dimethenamid. Peanut stunting was 20% higher with metolachlor PRE at the 1x rate than dimethenamid PRE at the 1x rate at two locations when rated 4 or 12 wk after treatment (WAT). Peanut yields were variable but, at one location under weed-free conditions, plots receiving pendimethalin only had the highest yield. With excessive moisture and herbicide rates greater than recommended for field use, both dimethenamid and metolachlor caused peanut stunting. However, metolachlor provided better season-long yellow nutsedge control than dimethenamid.

Interactive Effects of Fungicide, Application Timing, and Spray Volume on Peanut Diseases and Yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Joao Augusto ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Spray Volume

Fungicide penetration of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) canopy to target soilborne pathogens is difficult due to the dense foliage present when mid- to late-season applications are made. To assess the effect of application timing and volume on leaf spot and stem rot control as well as peanut yield, pyraclostrobin (0.21 kg a.i./ha) or chlorothalonil (1.26 kg a.i./ha), a systemic and a contact fungicide, respectively, were applied four times on cv. Georgia Green during the day (on unfolded leaves) or at night (on folded leaves) at 187, 243, or 355 liters/ha. Night application of pyraclostrobin, across spray volumes, gave the best stem rot control and pod yield increase. Pyraclostrobin applied during the day at higher spray volumes also slightly increased control of stem rot, apparently by improving canopy penetration. Neither application timing nor spray volume affected leaf spot control with pyraclostrobin. Higher spray volumes for the chlorothalonil applications tended to improve control of early and late leaf spot, possibly by increasing coverage of foliage and stems. Accepted for publication 10 January 2012. Published 20 April 2012.

Herbicide-Crop Rotation for Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dale ◽  
J. M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Sida Spinosa

The feasibility of herbicide and crop rotation for the control of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] in corn (Zea maysL.) was studied in field experiments. Light infestations of johnsongrass were initially present, but it became the predominant weed after 4 yr of continuous corn treated with atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamine)-s-triazine], cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile}, and linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], alone and in combinations at rates of 2.24, 2.24, and 0.84 kg/ha, respectively. The infestation of johnsongrass was effectively controlled by growing corn in rotation with cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) in a cropping sequence of corn-cotton-cotton-corn, in which trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) at 0.56, 2.24, and 2.24 kg/ha respectively, were used for weed control in cotton. In the corn-cotton-cotton-corn cropping sequence, the herbicide treatments also prevented increases in the populations of other indigeneous weeds including prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), prostrate spurge (Euphorbia supinaRaf.), spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculataL.), common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth], common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), spurred anoda[Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.], hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.], junglerice [Echinochloa colonum(L.) Link], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.).

Managing Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Populations Utilizing Herbicide Strategies and Crop Rotation Sequences

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon S. Warren ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Combination

Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina from 1994 through 1998 to evaluate the effects of five weed management strategies and four corn (Zeamays)–peanut (Arachis hypogaea) rotation sequences on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) population development. Effects of these weed management programs on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and peanut production in following years were also investigated. Herbicide programs included a nontreated control, a carbamothioate preplant incorporated (PPI) combination treatment utilizing vernolate in peanut and butylate in corn, an early postemergence (EPOST) acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor combination treatment utilizing imazapic in peanut and halosulfuron in corn, and EPOST treatments of imazapic and imazethapyr in both peanut and imidazolinone-resistant corn. Crop rotation sequences for the 3 yr included continuous corn (CCC), corn–peanut–corn (CPC), peanut–corn–peanut (PCP), and continuous peanut (PPP). The imazapic and ALS inhibitor combination treatments both provided excellent shoot and tuber control. After 3 yr, imazapic and the ALS inhibitor combination treatment reduced shoot and tuber population densities to less than 10% of the nontreated control. Imazethapyr provided variable but better control than the carbamothioate treatment with tuber densities (measured from 0 to 15 cm soil depth) and shoot densities increasing from 733 to 2,901 tubers/m3of soil and 16 to 43 shoots/m2, respectively, after 3 yr. Tuber densities increased in the nontreated control from 626 to 9,145 tubers/m3of soil and from 962 to 5,466 tubers/m3of soil in the carbamothioate treatment during this same period. Also, shoot densities increased in the nontreated control from 22 to 159 shoots/m2and from 8 to 92 shoots/m2in the carbamothioate treatment. There was a 31% peanut yield reduction from 1994 to 1996 when peanut was continuously planted or rotated to corn for only 1 yr. Herbicide carryover effects were not observed in cotton during 1997.

Effects of Herbicide Application Timing on Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Control

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Sunil Ratnayake ◽  
Clyde A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of application timing of imazethapyr and fluazifop-P on rhizome johnsongrass and pitted morningglory control in soybean. Herbicides were applied at three timings keyed to johnsongrass heights of 15, 30, and 60 cm and 3-, 6-, and 9-leaf pitted morningglory. Evaluations 6 wk after the final treatment indicated imazethapyr controlled both species best when applied at the 15-cm johnsongrass growth stage. Increasing imazethapyr rate did not increase control of pitted morningglory, but did increase johnsongrass control at the 15-cm application timing. However, at the 30-cm johnsongrass application timing, increasing the rate from 0.07 to 0.10 kg ha-1improved control of both species. Johnsongrass control with imazethapyr was no more than 64% when applications were delayed to 30-cm or larger johnsongrass. Fluazifop-P controlled johnsongrass well at all timings.

Control of Bur Gherkins (Cucumis anguria) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Treatment Sequences

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 1975 to 1977 to determine the efficacy of herbicides for control of bur gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Most bur gherkins seed planted in the field germinated in the upper 2.5 cm of soil, although some seed germinated from 7 cm. In greenhouse and field experiments, preplant-incorporated applications of vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) substantially reduced the green weight of bur gherkin plants and also improved the efficacy of several cracking and postemergence herbicidal treatments. Postemergence treatment sequences were much more effective when they were begun while bur gherkins were in the cotyledonary stage of development rather than the 3- to 5-leaf stage. Preplanting application and incorporation of vernolate + benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), followed by a cracking application of alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] + naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), followed by dinoseb controlled bur gherkins. Some of the most intensive herbicide programs reduced the yield of peanuts in some experiments. Bur gherkin plants that survived the herbicide treatments produced substantial quantities of fruit and seed.

scholarly journals Comparing the Risks and Benefits of Early Applications of Chlorimuron for Weed Control in Peanut

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
Jerry W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Chlorimuron is applied from 60 days after peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) emergence (DAE) until 45 days prior to harvest to control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC]. Research trials were conducted in Georgia from 2006 to 2008 to determine whether the benefits of controlling smaller weeds earlier in the season compensate for the potential risk of significant peanut injury from chlorimuron. Chlorimuron at 9 g ai/ha was applied at 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, and 91 DAE. Additionally, flumioxazin (105 g ai/ha) preemergence was included as a treated control, along with a nontreated control. Main plots were split into subplots; weed-free and weeds present. Flumioxazin controlled Florida beggarweed 82%. Chlorimuron controlled Florida beggarweed 38 to 67%, with applications 21 and 35 DAE more efficacious than later applications. With weeds present, peanut treated with chlorimuron at any application timing yielded less than peanut treated with flumioxazin. Weed-free peanut treated with chlorimuron at any application timing yielded less than peanut treated with flumioxazin. These data indicate that chlorimuron applied earlier than 60 DAE provided better Florida beggarweed control with greater peanut yield than when applied at the recommended time intervals. However, Florida beggarweed control and peanut yield from any of the chlorimuron treatments were consistently less than flumioxazin.

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