Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Lactofen at Various Postemergence Timings1

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
T. L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Preharvest Interval

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at nine locations in Texas and Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut tolerance to lactofen. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate was applied to peanut at 6 leaf (lf), 6 lf followed by (fb) 15 days after the initial treatment (DAIT), 15 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 30 DAIT, 30 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 45 DAIT, 45 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 60 DAIT, and 60 DAIT alone in weed-free plots. Lactofen caused visible leaf bronzing at all locations. Yield loss was observed when applications were made 45 DAIT, a timing that would correspond to plants in the R5 (beginning seed) to R6 (full seed) stage of growth. At all locations except the Texas High Plains, this application timing was within the 90 d preharvest interval. Growers who apply lactofen early in the peanut growing season to small weeds should have confidence that yields will not be negatively impacted despite dramatic above-ground injury symptoms; however, applications made later in the season, during seed fill, may adversely affect yield.

Purple Nutsedge Control in Peanut as Affected by Imazameth and Imazethapyr Application Timing1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
J. W. Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments in 1994 and 1995 compared control by imazameth at 53 and 71 g ai/ha and imazethapyr at 71 g ai/ha applied to purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) 5, 10, 20, or 30 cm tall. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) injury was not observed with either herbicide. Imazameth and imazethapyr were similarly effective on purple nutsedge for the first 1 to 2 mo after planting. Regardless of application timing, imazameth was more effective than imazethapyr at approximately 3 mo or more after planting. Timing of application affected late-season control by imazameth only in 1995 where greater control was obtained when applied to 10- or 20-cm purple nutsedge. Peanut yields were variable in 1994 and were not related to the imidazolinone herbicide used, the herbicide rate, or the level of purple nutsedge control. In 1995, yield from plots treated with imazameth at 53 g/ha was greater than yield from plots treated with imazameth or imazethapyr at 71 g/ha. Timing of herbicide application did not affect yield.

Peanut Cultivar Response to S-metolachlor and Paraquat Alone and in Combination

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Yoakum in south Texas and at Lamesa in the Texas High Plains area in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate peanut variety tolerance to S-metolachlor or paraquat alone or in combination applied postemergence 7 to 28 d after peanut emergence. Runner market-type peanut were evaluated at Yoakum (Tamrun OL02, York, and Florida 07) while runner (Flavorrunner 458) and Virginia market-types (NC-7 and Gregory) were evaluated at Lamesa. Peanut stunting with paraquat alone or S-metolachlor + pararquat combinations varied from 0 to 15% and increased as application timing was delayed. Runner market type yields were variable while Virginia market type yields were not affected by paraquat or any combinations. Peanut grade (% SMK + SS) of runner or Virgina market types were not affected by paraquat applications.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

Influence of Broadleaf Weeds on Chlorothalonil Deposition, Foliar Disease Incidence, and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Yield

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Royal ◽  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Frederick M. Shokes ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Plants

Field experiments were conducted at Jay and Marianna, FL in 1988 and 1989 to determine the effects of sicklepod, Florida beggarweed, and common cocklebur density on chlorothalonil deposition to peanut foliage, peanut foliar disease incidence, and peanut yield. At a density of four weed plants per 8 m of row, Florida beggarweed and sicklepod reduced chlorothalonil deposition on peanut foliage by 20%, while common cocklebur reduced fungicide deposition by 34%. At the same density, incidence of the foliar diseases early leaf spot and late leaf spot increased 10% with Florida beggarweed, 14% with sicklepod, and 20% with common cocklebur compared with weed-free peanut. The predicted peanut yield loss from a weed density of four plants per 8 m was 16 to 19% for Florida beggarweed, 23 to 25% for sicklepod, and 31 to 39% for common cocklebur. Weed biomass increased with increasing weed density.

Control of Bur Gherkins (Cucumis anguria) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Treatment Sequences

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 1975 to 1977 to determine the efficacy of herbicides for control of bur gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Most bur gherkins seed planted in the field germinated in the upper 2.5 cm of soil, although some seed germinated from 7 cm. In greenhouse and field experiments, preplant-incorporated applications of vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) substantially reduced the green weight of bur gherkin plants and also improved the efficacy of several cracking and postemergence herbicidal treatments. Postemergence treatment sequences were much more effective when they were begun while bur gherkins were in the cotyledonary stage of development rather than the 3- to 5-leaf stage. Preplanting application and incorporation of vernolate + benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), followed by a cracking application of alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] + naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), followed by dinoseb controlled bur gherkins. Some of the most intensive herbicide programs reduced the yield of peanuts in some experiments. Bur gherkin plants that survived the herbicide treatments produced substantial quantities of fruit and seed.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Early Wheat Streak Mosaic Severity Levels and Grain Yield: Implications for Management Decisions

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1621-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Workneh ◽  
S. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
S. Evett ◽  
C. M. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
The Impact

Wheat streak mosaic (WSM) caused by Wheat streak mosaic virus, which is transmitted by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella), is a major yield-limiting disease in the Texas High Plains. In addition to its impact on grain production, the disease reduces water-use efficiency by affecting root development. Because of the declining Ogallala Aquifer water level, water conservation has become one of the major pressing issues in the region. Thus, questions are often raised as to whether it is worthwhile to irrigate infected fields in light of the water conservation issues, associated energy costs, and current wheat prices. To address some of these questions, field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2016 at two separate locations to determine whether grain yield could be predicted from disease severity levels, assessed early in the spring, for potential use as a decision tool for crop management, including irrigation. In both fields, disease severity assessments started in April, using a handheld hyperspectral radiometer with which reflectance measurements were taken weekly in multiple plots in arbitrarily selected locations across the fields. The relationship between WSM severity levels and grain yield for the different assessment dates were determined by fitting reflectance and yield values into the logistic regression function. The model predicted yield levels with r2 values ranging from 0.67 to 0.85 (P < 0.0001), indicating that the impact of WSM on grain yield could be fairly well predicted from early assessments of WSM severity levels. As the disease is normally progressive over time, this type of information will be useful for making management decisions of whether to continue irrigating infected fields, especially if combined with an economic threshold for WSM severity levels.

Influence of Crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides) Densities on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Yield

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney L. Farris ◽  
Don S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Verbesina Encelioides

Field experiments were conducted at the Caddo Research Station near Ft. Cobb, OK and at the Agronomy Research Station near Perkins, OK to measure the effects of seven crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides) densities on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) yield. The seven densities evaluated were 0 (the weed-free check), 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 weeds/m of row. Data collected consisted of dry weed biomass and peanut yields. Correlation between weed density and dry weed biomass, dry weed biomass and peanut yield (kg/ha), dry weed biomass and peanut yield loss (percentage of check), weed density and peanut yield (kg/ha), and weed density and peanut yield loss (percentage of check) were evaluated. For each weed/m of row, dry weed biomass increased by 0.34 kg/m row. Dry weed biomass was a good predictor of peanut yield. For each kilogram of dry weed biomass/ m row, a 1900-kg/ha or 46.3% reduction in peanut yield occurred. Weed density was also a good predictor of peanut yield. A 559-kg/ha reduction or 16% increase in peanut yield loss occurred for each weed/m row. Peanut yield was reduced approximately 50% when crownbeard density increased to 3.2 weeds/m row.

Influence of Oxadiazon on Peanuts and Weeds1

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale A. Buchanan ◽  
Paul A. Backman ◽  
R. Rodriguez-Kabana
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Substantial Control

Abstract Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2, 4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)- Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] was applied alone as a preemergence treatment and in combination with dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) as a cracking-time treatment to peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). During the years 1970 to 1972 the experimental area was heavily infested with a mixed population of annual grass and broadleaf weeds. During the years 1973 to 1975, the predominant species present were sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) and Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) D.C.]. Grass control was acceptable with 3.36 kg/ha of oxadiazon in 2 of the 3 years when benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-∝, ∝, ∝ -trifluoro-2, 6-dinitro-p-toluidine) was not included. Commercially acceptable control of Florida beggarweed and sicklepod occurred with application of 3.36 kg/ha of oxadiazon. Substantial control was obtained with an application of 1.68 kg/ha. Generally, the addition of 1.68 kg/ha dinoseb to oxadiazon resulted in slightly improved weed control, particularly at lower rates of oxadiazon. Oxadiazon at rates of 6.7 kg/ha or more was phytotoxic to peanuts during the early part of the growing season. This phytotoxicity generally did not result in lower peanut yields. However, treated plants were more compact.

scholarly journals Comparing the Risks and Benefits of Early Applications of Chlorimuron for Weed Control in Peanut

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
Jerry W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Chlorimuron is applied from 60 days after peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) emergence (DAE) until 45 days prior to harvest to control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC]. Research trials were conducted in Georgia from 2006 to 2008 to determine whether the benefits of controlling smaller weeds earlier in the season compensate for the potential risk of significant peanut injury from chlorimuron. Chlorimuron at 9 g ai/ha was applied at 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, and 91 DAE. Additionally, flumioxazin (105 g ai/ha) preemergence was included as a treated control, along with a nontreated control. Main plots were split into subplots; weed-free and weeds present. Flumioxazin controlled Florida beggarweed 82%. Chlorimuron controlled Florida beggarweed 38 to 67%, with applications 21 and 35 DAE more efficacious than later applications. With weeds present, peanut treated with chlorimuron at any application timing yielded less than peanut treated with flumioxazin. Weed-free peanut treated with chlorimuron at any application timing yielded less than peanut treated with flumioxazin. These data indicate that chlorimuron applied earlier than 60 DAE provided better Florida beggarweed control with greater peanut yield than when applied at the recommended time intervals. However, Florida beggarweed control and peanut yield from any of the chlorimuron treatments were consistently less than flumioxazin.

Field Pea and Lentil Tolerance to Interrow Cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Stanley ◽  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Dilshan Benaragama ◽  
Lena D. Syrovy ◽  
Hema S. N. Duddu
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

AbstractInterrow cultivation is a selective, in-crop mechanical weed control tool that has the potential to control weeds later in the growing season with less crop damage compared with other in-crop mechanical weed control tools. To our knowledge, no previous research has been conducted on the tolerance of narrow-row crops to interrow cultivation. The objective of this experiment was to determine the tolerance of field pea and lentil to interrow cultivation. Replicated field experiments were conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada, in 2014 and 2015. Weekly cultivation treatments began at the 4-node stage of each crop, continuing for 6 wk. Field pea and lentil yield linearly declined with later crop stages of cultivation. Cultivating multiple times throughout the growing season reduced yield by 15% to 30% in both crops. Minimal yield loss occurred when interrow cultivation was conducted once at early growth stages of field pea and lentil; however, yield loss increased with delayed and more frequent cultivation events.

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