Response of Peanut to PGR-IV™ Growth Regulator1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
Roger B. Batts ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments in North Carolina in 1994 and 1995 determined virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to PGR-IV, a commercial hormonal growth regulator consisting of 30 mg/L of gibberellic acid, 27 mg/L of indolebutyric acid, and a proprietary fermentation broth. Treatments included PGR-IV applied once at 438 mL/ha 21, 45, 60, or 75 DAE (days after peanut emergence) or twice at 219 mL/ha at 21 and 45 DAE or 45 and 60 DAE. PGR-IV had no effect on peanut main stem or cotyledonary lateral branch length, yield, maturity, percentage of fancy pods, extra large kernels, or total sound mature kernels, or net returns.

scholarly journals Performance and Economic Benefit of Herbicides Used for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
N. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) and at two locations (Jay, FL, and Headland, AL) to identify the most effective herbicide program for Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) D.C.] control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The most common herbicides used for Florida beggarweed control—including preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST) and late-postemergence (LPOST) applied treatments—were evaluated in a factorial treatment arrangement. All treatments had merit and could be assembled into programs that resulted in maximum weed control, crop yield, and net returns. However, at least two of the four treatment timings were required to reach this level. Four systems were consistently associated with the maximum statistical grouping for both yield and net returns, as well as acceptable Florida beggarweed control (> 81%). These systems were (a) paraquat + bentazon applied EPOST, followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; (b) same as (a) only preceded by norflurazon applied PRE; (c) imazapic applied EPOST followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; and (d) norflurazon applied PRE, followed by imazapic EPOST.

QTL mapping and marker analysis of main stem height and the first lateral branch length in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Li ◽  
Lanzhou Li ◽  
Xiurong Zhang ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Dengchao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Response of Virginia-Type Peanut to Norflurazon

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
A. S. Culpepper ◽  
R. B. Batts ◽  
A. C. York
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Fourth Experiment

Abstract Four field experiments were conducted in North Carolina from 1994 to 1996 to determine the effect of norflurazon applied preemergence at 1.6 kg ai/ha to virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cvs. NC 7, NC 9, NC 10C, NC-V 11, VA-C 92R, and AT VC-1. Injury 3 wk after planting was 7% or less in three experiments. Greater injury was noted on VA-C 92R relative to other cultivars in one of these experiments. Injury ranged from 25 to 41% in the fourth experiment, with greater injury noted on NC 9, NC-V 11, and VA-C 92R than on NC 7, NC 10C, or AT VC-1. Norflurazon did not affect peanut maturity, the percentage of extra large kernels, total sound mature kernels, or fancy pods. Norflurazon reduced peanut yield 6% irrespective of cultivars in two of four experiments.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

Potential for Improved Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut with Resistance and Fungicides1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Shew ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Abstract Potential for improved control of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was evaluated by combining moderate resistance with fungicide use. Various fungicides including carboxin, oxycarboxin, propiconazol, OAC 3890, and PCNB were applied to peanut lines NC 8C, NC Ac 18016, and Florigiant in North Carolina during 1980, 1981, and 1982. Consistently fewer disease loci occurred on NC Ac 18016 than on NC 8C or Florigiant. At least one fungicide reduced stem rot incidence in two of three years tested, but fungicide use did not result in greater yields. Effects of disease resistance and fungicides on suppression of stem rot development were additive.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Lactofen at Various Postemergence Timings1

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
T. L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Preharvest Interval

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at nine locations in Texas and Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut tolerance to lactofen. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate was applied to peanut at 6 leaf (lf), 6 lf followed by (fb) 15 days after the initial treatment (DAIT), 15 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 30 DAIT, 30 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 45 DAIT, 45 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 60 DAIT, and 60 DAIT alone in weed-free plots. Lactofen caused visible leaf bronzing at all locations. Yield loss was observed when applications were made 45 DAIT, a timing that would correspond to plants in the R5 (beginning seed) to R6 (full seed) stage of growth. At all locations except the Texas High Plains, this application timing was within the 90 d preharvest interval. Growers who apply lactofen early in the peanut growing season to small weeds should have confidence that yields will not be negatively impacted despite dramatic above-ground injury symptoms; however, applications made later in the season, during seed fill, may adversely affect yield.

Control of Bur Gherkins (Cucumis anguria) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Treatment Sequences

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 1975 to 1977 to determine the efficacy of herbicides for control of bur gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Most bur gherkins seed planted in the field germinated in the upper 2.5 cm of soil, although some seed germinated from 7 cm. In greenhouse and field experiments, preplant-incorporated applications of vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) substantially reduced the green weight of bur gherkin plants and also improved the efficacy of several cracking and postemergence herbicidal treatments. Postemergence treatment sequences were much more effective when they were begun while bur gherkins were in the cotyledonary stage of development rather than the 3- to 5-leaf stage. Preplanting application and incorporation of vernolate + benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), followed by a cracking application of alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] + naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), followed by dinoseb controlled bur gherkins. Some of the most intensive herbicide programs reduced the yield of peanuts in some experiments. Bur gherkin plants that survived the herbicide treatments produced substantial quantities of fruit and seed.

Optimizing crop geometry and nutrient management for yield, water productivity and economics of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Joshi ◽  
D.S. Sasode ◽  
R.S. Sikarwar ◽  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
B.S. Kasana
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 and 2017 at College of Agriculture, Gwalior. To optimise plant population and fertility levels an experiment was laid out in split plot design, replicated thrice in fixed plots and the test variety of the crop groundnut (Mallika) was used. The plant geometry of 30 × 10 cm, 25 × 10 cm and 20 × 10 cm was adopted with three fertility levels as 75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield and economics were increased by optimization of plant geometry and nutrient management under kharif groundnut. Sowing of crop at 30×10 cm spacing resulted in 7.3 and 4.3 % higher pod yield over 25×10 cm and 20×10 cm spacing, respectively and 3.0 % higher haulm yield over 25×10 cm. Similarly, application of 125% RDF resulted in 3.0 and 9.3 % higher pod yield over 100% RDF and 75% RDF, respectively but application of 100% RDF resulted in 18.6% higher haulm yield over 75% RDF and was at par with 125 % RDF application. The highest gross, net returns and B:C ratio was obtained at the spacing of 30×10 cm with 125% RDF.

Screening for Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Coffelt ◽  
K. H. Garren
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Root Resistance ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), caused by Calonectria crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers (Cylindrocladium crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers), is potentially one of the most serious peanut diseases in Virginia. Over 60 peanut lines at multiple locations and 140 peanut lines at a single location were screened in the field for resistance to CBR from 1973–1977 in Virginia and North Carolina. Susceptibility to CBR was determined by number of dead plants per plot in 1973 and by percent dead plants per plot in 1974–1977. In addition, in 1974, 1975 and 1977, visual estimates of CBR damage to roots and pods were made. Florigiant, Spancross, VGP 1 and/or NC 3033 were used as checks to determine relative susceptiability. Results generally indicate that spanish-type peanuts are the most resistant to CBR, valencia-type peanuts the least resistant and Virginia-type peanuts intermediate. Florigiant was consistently one of the most susceptible genotypes, while NC 3033, Spancross and VGP 1 were among the most resistant. Four valencia-type peanuts, 22 virginia-type peanuts, 28 spanish-type peanuts, one segregating line, and one wild species (A. monticola), with resistance equal to or better than Spancross, NC 3033 and/or VGP 1 were identified. Pod and root damage scores generally corresponded with percent diseased plants. However, differences were observed, indicating separate genetic mechanisms may control pod and root resistance to CBR. The significances of variability among sister lines and locations are discussed.

Influence of Application Variables on Efficacy of Manganese-Containing Fertilizers Applied to Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Sarah H. Lancaster ◽  
James E. Lanier ◽  
P. Dewayne Johnson ◽  
Joshua B. Beam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Abstract Several formulations of the essential element manganese (Mn) are commercially available for application to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Research was conducted in North Carolina to compare accumulation of Mn in peanut leaves, stems, and pods following application of water soluble manganese sulfate including 17.5% Mn (Techmangum® or Man-Gro DF®) and liquid Mn formulations including 5.0% Mn (Manganese Xtra©) or 8% Mn (Nutrisol 8% Manganese™). Experiments were also conducted to determine the influence of herbicides, adjuvants, and selected fungicide and insecticide combinations on Mn accumulation in peanut leaves. A second experiment was conducted to determine if efficacy of clethodim, imazapic, imazethapyr, lactofen, sethoxydim, and 2,4-DB was affected by Mn formulations when applied in mixture. Experiments were also conducted to determine the effect of Mn on efficacy of the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole. More Mn was found in leaves when dry formulations of Mn were applied compared to liquid formulations, reflecting the higher amount of actual Mn delivered per ha based on manufacturer recommendations of these products. Accumulation of Mn was higher when Mn was applied with the herbicides clethodim, imazapic, and lactofen compared with Mn alone or Mn plus 2,4-DB. Accumulation of Mn was similar for Mn alone or most combinations of Mn with fungicides and insecticides. Manganese did not affect corn (Zea mays L.) control by clethodim or sethoxydim; large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control by clethodim; Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] control by imazethapyr; sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby] control by imazapic, imazethapyr, or 2,4-DB; or tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth] control by imazapic. In contrast, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) control by lactofen was reduced by dry manganese but not the 8% liquid solution. Peanut canopy defoliation was similar when the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, or tebuconazole individually were compared alone, with Mn, or Mn plus the insecticide lambda cyhalothrin.

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