Adaptability of the Arginine Maturity Index Method To Virginia Type Peanuts in North Carolina1

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Fincher ◽  
Clyde T. Young ◽  
Johnny C. Wynne ◽  
Astor Perry
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Prediction Curve ◽  
One Year

Abstract The Arginine Maturity Index (AMI)- method for estimation of optimum maturity and highest quality of peanuts was evaluated in a two-year research station study (1977 and 1978) of large-seeded Virginia type peanuts grown in North Carolina. A one year study was conducted on farms in seven North Carolina counties in 1978. Samples were collected weekly from both the research station and farms and analyzed for arginine by the modified Sakaguchi reaction. Maximum yield corresponded to minimum AMI values for each cultivar in 1977 and for the NC 5 cultivar in 1978 in the research station study. Prediction curves were derived from each cultivar for each year using a quadratic polyonomial equation. Large differences in AMI data existed between 1977 and 1978 and between cultivars in 1978 at early harvest dates; however, near minimum AMI values, all six curves appear to be similar. AMI and yield data obtained from individual county farms fluctuated throughout the growing season. Generally, higher AMI values were observed for Virginia type than have been reported for Spanish type peanuts. Using the prediction curve derived in Georgia, and subtracting one week, predicted digging dates were within 4 days of the date of maximum dollar return per ha in five of the seven counties. Based on previous experience, the farm data of six counties (with the exception of Nash), was used to derive a tentative optimum harvest prediction equation for North Carolina.

Between ‘Savage Man’ and ‘Most Faithful Englishman’ Manteo and the Early Anglo-Indian Exchange, 1584–1590

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leroy Oberg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
One Year ◽  
Anglo Indian

In August of 1587 Manteo, an Indian from Croatoan Island, joined a group of English settlers in an attack on the native village of Dasemunkepeuc, located on the coast of present-day North Carolina. These colonists, amongst whom Manteo lived, had landed on Roanoke Island less than a month before, dumped there by a pilot more interested in hunting Spanish prize ships than in carrying colonists to their intended place of settlement along the Chesapeake Bay. The colonists had hoped to re-establish peaceful relations with area natives, and for that reason they relied upon Manteo to act as an interpreter, broker, and intercultural diplomat. The legacy of Anglo-Indian bitterness remaining from Ralph Lane's military settlement, however, which had hastily abandoned the island one year before, was too great for Manteo to overcome. The settlers found themselves that summer in the midst of hostile Indians.

Critical Period for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Pickling Cucumber

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-591
Author(s):  
Samuel J. McGowen ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
Cucumber Yield

AbstractField studies were conducted in North Carolina to determine the critical period for Palmer amaranth control (CPPAC) in pickling cucumber. In removal treatments (REM), emerged Palmer amaranth were allowed to compete with cucumber for 14, 21, 28, or 35 d after sowing (DAS) in 2014 and 14, 21, 35, or 42 DAS in 2015, and cucumber was kept weed-free for the remainder of the season. In the establishment treatments (EST), cucumber was maintained free of Palmer amaranth by hand removal until 14, 21, 28, or 35 DAS in 2014 and until 14, 21, 35, or 42 DAS in 2015; after this, Palmer amaranth was allowed to establish and compete with the cucumber for the remainder of the season. The beginning and end of the CPPAC, based on 5% loss of marketable yield, was determined by fitting log-logistic and Gompertz equations to the relative yield data representing REM and EST, respectively. Season-long competition by Palmer amaranth reduced pickling cucumber yield by 45% to 98% and 88% to 98% during 2014 and 2015, respectively. When cucumber was planted on April 25, 2015, the CPPAC ranged from 570 to 1,002 heat units (HU), which corresponded to 32 to 49 DAS. However, when cucumber planting was delayed 2 to 4 wk (May 7 and May 21, 2014 and May 4, 2015), the CPPAC lasted from 100 to 918 HU (7 to 44 DAS). This research suggested that planting pickling cucumber as early as possible during the season may help to reduce competition by Palmer amaranth and delay the beginning of the CPPAC.

Correlation of soil phosphorus tests with the response of irrigated perennial pasture to phosphorus fertilizer

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Montgomery ◽  
G Rubenis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
P Values ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Pasture Yield

The level of soil phosphorus and the response of irrigated perennial pasture to phosphorus fertilizer were measured on 33 sites in the Goulburn Valley of northern Victoria. Eleven of the 33 sites were found to have Olsen P values above 10 p.p.m. and Colwell P values above 30 p.p.m. Of these 11, 9 did not give a pasture response to superphosphate and 2 gave a relatively small response. Functions of the form Y = a - be-CX (where Y = total pasture yield over 12 months (t ha-1), X = rate of superphosphate application (t ha-1), and a, b and c are constants respectively denoting maximum yield, maximum response, and the rate at which maximum yield is approached) were fitted to the yield data from those sites at which a response did occur. b was found to be correlated with a number of soil tests, the highest correlation coefficient being -0.74 for Colwell P. a was significantly correlated with some tests (P < 0.01) but was generally less predictable, and c gave very low correlation coefficients with all soil tests.

Julius Chambers Emerges

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Rosen ◽  
Joseph Mosnier
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Law School ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Court Order ◽  
North Carolina School ◽  
The Law ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

This chapter recounts Julius Chambers's achievements during college, graduate school, and law school. After graduating summa cum laude from North Carolina College for Negroes and obtaining his masters degree in history at the University of Michigan, Chambers was admitted to the University of North Carolina School of Law, desegregated the prior decade by federal court order over the forceful objections of University and North Carolina officials. Chambers, despite being ranked 112th among the 114 students admitted to the Class of 1962 and notwithstanding a generally unwelcoming, often hostile atmosphere at the Law School and on campus, became editor-in-chief of the Law Review and graduated first in his class. This chapter also details Chambers's marriage to Vivian Giles and the couple's decision to move to New York City when, after no North Carolina law firm would grant Chambers a job interview, Columbia Law School quickly stepped forward with the offer of a one-year fellowship.

scholarly journals The Seed-Hull Weight Ratio as an Index of Peanut Maturity1,2

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Pattee ◽  
Johnny C. Wynne ◽  
James H. Young ◽  
Fred R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Hull ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A simple, quantitative method was developed to determine peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) maturity. The method is based on the changing seed-hull weight ratio during maturation of the fruit. The ratio or maturity index was determined for fresh as well as air-dried pods, and these ratios correlated well with a physiological maturity index. The relationship between arginine maturity index and the air-dried seed-hull maturity index (DMI) was also determined, and the two indexes were negatively correlated. The DMI values across nine planting and eight harvest dates over a 2-year period showed that DMI could be applied to estimate average peanut seed maturity under field harvest conditions. The two peanut varieties tested, Florigiant and Florunner, were found to differ in maxmum DMI values. The study also showed that peanut seed weight increased with maturity then decreased after full maturity.

Assessment of Stylosanthes seed yield reduction caused by phytoplasma-associated diseases

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. De La Rue ◽  
R. Hopkinson ◽  
K. S. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra

The effect of Stylosanthes little leaf disease on Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca seed yield was monitored over 2 consecutive seasons at Southedge Research Station in northern Queensland. The time of initial symptom expression was recorded during weekly assessments to determine what effect time of infection after planting had on seed yield. First flowering date was recorded to establish whether the developmental stage of the plant, as indicated by the onset of reproductive activity, at the time of symptom expression influenced the effect of Stylosanthes little leaf disease on yield. At the end of each season, both diseased and asymptomatic plants were harvested and seed yield determined. Seed yield data from the 1999 season showed that there was no significant difference between the mean yield of symptomatic plants, regardless of when they first showed symptoms, and that of asymptomatic plants. However, during the 2000 season plants that showed symptoms early in the season had a significantly lower seed yield than both asymptomatic plants and plants that became diseased later in the season. This decrease in productivity amounted to a yield loss of 98.8 and 56.5% when the plants showed symptoms at 79�and 110 days, respectively, after planting. If plants became diseased within 30 days of first flowering, they did not produce significant amounts of seed. Yield remained low even when the time between first flowering and initial symptom expression increased up to 60 days, after which yield was extremely variable but within the range of that observed for individual asymptomatic plants. It is concluded that Stylosanthes little leaf disease has little or no effect on seed yield if plants have been flowering for about 8 weeks before symptom expression.

Critical timing of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) removal in sweetpotato

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Smith ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Critical Timing

AbstractPalmer amaranth is the most common and troublesome weed in North Carolina sweetpotato. Field studies were conducted in Clinton, NC, in 2016 and 2017 to determine the critical timing of Palmer amaranth removal in ‘Covington’ sweetpotato. Palmer amaranth was grown with sweetpotato from transplanting to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 wk after transplanting (WAP) and maintained weed-free for the remainder of the season. Palmer amaranth height and shoot dry biomass increased as Palmer amaranth removal was delayed. Season-long competition by Palmer amaranth interference reduced marketable yields by 85% and 95% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Sweetpotato yield loss displayed a strong inverse linear relationship with Palmer amaranth height. A 0.6% and 0.4% decrease in yield was observed for every centimeter of Palmer amaranth growth in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The critical timing for Palmer amaranth removal, based on 5% loss of marketable yield, was determined by fitting a log-logistic model to the relative yield data and was determined to be 2 WAP. These results show that Palmer amaranth is highly competitive with sweetpotato and should be managed as early as possible in the season. The requirement of an early critical timing of weed removal to prevent yield loss emphasizes the importance of early-season scouting and Palmer amaranth removal in sweetpotato fields. Any delay in removal can result in substantial yield reductions and fewer premium quality roots.

Plant nutrition studies on some yellow and red earth soils in northern Cape York Peninsula. 2. Phosphorus: plant response and soil retention

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Winter ◽  
GP Gillman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
Cape York

The response of a Stylosanthes guyanensislBrachiaria decumbens pasture to phosphorus on a yellow earth soil in northern Cape York Peninsula was studied over three years. Establishment rates of 0 to 130 kg ha-1 P were used followed by various combinations of 0 or 20 kg ha-1 P in the next two years. With comparisons made at the same cumulative P rate the dry matter and nitrogen yields were not affected by timing of application but P yield was increased in the third year when P was freshly applied. The dry matter yield response was modified by the botanical composition of the pasture. In the first year the pasture was 90-95 per cent legume and 110 kg ha-1 P was required to give 90 per cent of the presumed maximum yield whereas in the third year when the legume content was lower, (increasing from 10 to 40 per cent with P rate) this requirement had been reduced to about 90 kg ha-1 P. The third year P yield data were used to show that the value of applied P declined by about 70 per cent each year. After three years all the applied P was recovered in the 0-60 cm zone and the distribution was not affected by timing of application. In the 0-10 cm zone the acid extractable P increased from 0 with no P applied to 40 p.p.m. with 150 kg ha-1 P applied.

scholarly journals FLESH COLOR AS A PEACH MATURITY INDEX

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 245b-245
Author(s):  
Walter Boswell ◽  
Bernard Bible ◽  
Suman Singha
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Hue Angle

Flesh color has been proposed as a maturity index for peaches. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of this parameter in `Loring', `Jersey Dawn', `Madison', and `Raritan Rose' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Fruit were picked at weekly intervals at three or four harvest dates, with five fruit per cultivar being picked from each of three trees. Flesh firmness and soluble solids were measured immediately following harvest, and CIELAB coordinates (L*a*b*) of blush and flesh color were determined with a Minolta CR-200b calorimeter. There was a highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) between firmness and flesh hue angle for all four cultivars and with flesh chroma especially for the white-fleshed `Raritan Rose'. The correlation values between firmness and blush hue angle were consistently lower. Soluble solids did not consistently correlate with flesh or blush color. Even though blush color influences consumer preference, it was not as good an indicator of maturity as flesh color for the cultivars that we tested.

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