scholarly journals Peanut Peg Strength and Associated Pod Yield and Loss by Cultivar

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Sorensen ◽  
R.C. Nuti ◽  
C.C. Holbrook ◽  
C.Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Stems And Leaves

ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) peg strength and associated pod yield and digging loss were documented for nine cultivars and two breeding genotypes across three harvest dates (early, mid, and late season) at two Southwest Georgia locations during 2010 and 2011. Cultivars selected were Georgia Green, Georgia Greener, Georgia-02C, Georgia-06G, Georgia-07W, Georgia-09B, Georgia-10T, Florida-07, Tifguard, and advanced breeding lines EXP27-1516 and TifGP-2. Prior to digging, a minimum of three peanut plants from each plot were selected and excess stems and leaves were removed with scissors leaving individual peanut pegs and pods with about 5-cm of stem. Each peanut pod was placed in a “U” shaped metal bracket attached to an electronic force gauge and the stem was pulled manually until the pod detached. After digging and combining, a tractor-mounted scavenger machine was used to collect pods remaining in the soil. Peg strength was greater at Dawson (6.14 N) compared to Tifton (5.28 N) in 2010 but were similar in 2011 (4.51 and 4.39 N, respectively). Dawson had consistently higher yields (5326 kg/ha) and lower pod loss (562 kg/ha) compared with Tifton (3803 kg/ha and 936 kg/ha, respectively). Peanut cultivars with greater peg strength across locations were Georgia-06G, Florida-07, and Georiga-02C. Cultivar Georiga-06G showed the greatest yield across locations and years. Other cultivars may have had stronger peg strength, greater pod yield, or lower pod loss but none were more consistent than these three cultivars across years, locations, and harvest dates.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

scholarly journals Response of the Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Gregory to Interactions of Digging Date and Disease Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Barbara B. Shew ◽  
P. Dewayne Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Rescue Treatment

Digging date can have a major impact on pod yield, market grade characteristics, and economic return of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and can be influenced by environmental conditions and disease management. In 17 experiments from 2003 to 2012, economic return of peanut was determined over 5 digging dates spaced 1 week apart beginning in early to mid-September through mid-October. Linear, quadratic, and cubic relationships for economic return versus days after peanut emergence were observed in 3, 6, and 4 experiments, respectively, with no response to digging date observed in 4 experiments. In a second experiment from 2005 to 2012, relationships among canopy defoliation and economic return for peanut at 3 digging dates with 3 fungicide regimes were variable, although increasing the number of fungicide sprays decreased canopy defoliation and increased economic return for later digging dates. Applying a single late-season spray of fungicide as a rescue treatment reduced canopy defoliation in 4 of 8 years and affected economic value in 2 of 8 years.

Genotype-by-Irrigation Interaction in the Georgia Peanut Official Variety Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
J. L. Day ◽  
A. E. Coy ◽  
J. P. Beasley ◽  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Support Price ◽  
The Mean ◽  
100 Seed Weight

ABSTRACT Entry means from 88 trials of runner- and virginia-type peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) conducted over 16 years and three locations in the state of Georgia with an irrigated and a non-irrigated test performed at each year-location combination were examined to determine the mean performance for cultivars and breeding lines and to determine if they exhibit interaction with water regimes. All lines responded positively to irrigation for pod yield, total sound mature kernels (TSMK), 100-seed weight, and estimated support price and dollar value. Runner cultivars generally performed better in Georgia than did virginias although some virginia cultivars developed in Georgia were competitive with superior runners. The runner cultivar with the greatest value per hectare in this study was Georgia-12Y; the virginia cultivars were Georgia-08V and Georgia-11J. There was interaction between water regimes and entries for all reported traits except estimated dollar value. For pod yield and 100-seed weight the interaction was solely between water regimes and market types, for TSMK and length of season it was solely between water regimes and entries within market types, and for estimated support price it was both. In general, the effect of irrigation was more substantial on grade of virginia market-types than it was on runners while runners responded more to irrigation for pod yield than did virginias (982 vs. 782 kg ha−1, P<0.0169). Interaction of water regimes with specific entries within market types was in the main a matter of varying degree of effect of irrigation on specific lines but all in the same general direction. The exception was length of season which actually increased under irrigation for the most recent Univ. of Georgia releases, Georgia-10T, Georgia-11J, and Georgia-12Y, while irrigation hastened the maturity of all other lines.

Foliar Penetration and Phytotoxicity of Paraquat as Influenced by Peanut Cultivar1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
J. W. Wilcut ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
T. V. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Field studies were conducted over a three year period to examine the sensitivity of four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Florunner, Sunrunner, Southern runner, and NC 7) to foliar applications of paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion). Treatments included an untreated control and four herbicide treatments: paraquat applied alone at 0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha, or tank mixed with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] at 4.40 kg/ha. Weeds were hand-removed so that only herbicidal treatments were variables. Paraquat phytotoxicity did not differ between cultivars. No cultivar evaluated was abnormally sensitive nor tolerant to any paraquat-containing treatment. Laboratory studies utilizing radio labelled paraquat revealed that foliar absorption and translocation of paraquat did not vary between peanut cultivars. Yield differences were attributed to differences in yield potential between cultivars.

Interactive Effects of Fungicide, Application Timing, and Spray Volume on Peanut Diseases and Yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Joao Augusto ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Spray Volume

Fungicide penetration of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) canopy to target soilborne pathogens is difficult due to the dense foliage present when mid- to late-season applications are made. To assess the effect of application timing and volume on leaf spot and stem rot control as well as peanut yield, pyraclostrobin (0.21 kg a.i./ha) or chlorothalonil (1.26 kg a.i./ha), a systemic and a contact fungicide, respectively, were applied four times on cv. Georgia Green during the day (on unfolded leaves) or at night (on folded leaves) at 187, 243, or 355 liters/ha. Night application of pyraclostrobin, across spray volumes, gave the best stem rot control and pod yield increase. Pyraclostrobin applied during the day at higher spray volumes also slightly increased control of stem rot, apparently by improving canopy penetration. Neither application timing nor spray volume affected leaf spot control with pyraclostrobin. Higher spray volumes for the chlorothalonil applications tended to improve control of early and late leaf spot, possibly by increasing coverage of foliage and stems. Accepted for publication 10 January 2012. Published 20 April 2012.

scholarly journals Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Lime and Different Levels of Sulphur

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
Imnatemjen Aier ◽  
◽  
D. Nongmaithem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Kernel Yield ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted in the Experimental Research Farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University during the kharif season 2018. Groundnut variety ICGS-76 was sown @ 70 kg ha-1 for 60×20 cm2 spacing. The experiment was laid in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments consisted of two lime levels: lime @ 0 t ha-1 and lime @ 3 t ha-1 while the sub- plot treatments consisted of five sulphur levels: sulphur @ (0 kg ha-1, 10 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1 along with recommended dose of fertilizer at 20:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 respectively in the form of diammonium phosphate and murate of potash. The results showed that application of lime @ 3 t ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to no lime and also application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to lower doses of sulphur though there was only slight increase in the attributes between each successive doses of sulphur. Overall application of lime and sulphur increased all the yield attributes of groundnut, where the highest number of pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 100 kernels weight, pod yield, kernel yield and stover yield were recorded when treatment was done with lime @ 3 t ha1 and sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1.

Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Loci

Abstract The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.

scholarly journals Reaction of Select Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Lines to Southern Stem Rot and Pythium Pod Rot Under Varied Disease Pressure

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Smith ◽  
T. E. Boswell ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Eight breeding lines, three parents, and the cultivar Florunner were compared under two levels of disease pressure induced by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., or Pythium myriotylum Drechs. at each of two locations for three years to ascertain the effectiveness of the host plant resistance to each pathogen. Varied disease pressures were created by application of fungicides and supplement of fungal inoculum. Mean Florunner pod yields varied more than 1000 kg/ha as a result of the S. rolfsii treatments but the yields of the resistant TxAG-3 were not affected. Disease incidence, as measured by frequency of S. rolfsii infection sites and diseased pods, was much higher for Florunner than TxAG-3. Breeding lines for which TxAG-3 was a parent sustained significant yield reductions. The disease incidence in these lines was higher than the resistant parent, equal or less than Tamnut 74, their other parent, and less than Florunner. The grades of TxAG-3 and its derivatives were lower than Florunner. Pod rot incidence differed for the P. myriotylum treatments but pod yields were not different. TxAG-3 and Toalson sustained less pod disease than Florunner and Tamnut 74. The percent of diseased pod tissue for one derivative of Toalson was lower than Toalson and TxAG-3, and that of one TxAG-3 derivative was equal to its best parent. The breeding lines varied in reaction to the two diseases and some lines showed considerable resistance to both organisms.

Optimizing crop geometry and nutrient management for yield, water productivity and economics of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Joshi ◽  
D.S. Sasode ◽  
R.S. Sikarwar ◽  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
B.S. Kasana
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 and 2017 at College of Agriculture, Gwalior. To optimise plant population and fertility levels an experiment was laid out in split plot design, replicated thrice in fixed plots and the test variety of the crop groundnut (Mallika) was used. The plant geometry of 30 × 10 cm, 25 × 10 cm and 20 × 10 cm was adopted with three fertility levels as 75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield and economics were increased by optimization of plant geometry and nutrient management under kharif groundnut. Sowing of crop at 30×10 cm spacing resulted in 7.3 and 4.3 % higher pod yield over 25×10 cm and 20×10 cm spacing, respectively and 3.0 % higher haulm yield over 25×10 cm. Similarly, application of 125% RDF resulted in 3.0 and 9.3 % higher pod yield over 100% RDF and 75% RDF, respectively but application of 100% RDF resulted in 18.6% higher haulm yield over 75% RDF and was at par with 125 % RDF application. The highest gross, net returns and B:C ratio was obtained at the spacing of 30×10 cm with 125% RDF.

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