Evaluation of Runner-Type Peanut Cultivar Tolerance to Paraquat Tank Mixes

ABSTRACT Herbicide tank mixes are often used to reduce peanut injury caused by paraquat and broaden the weed control spectrum. New peanut cultivars are continuously being introduced therefore determining tolerance to paraquat based herbicide programs is essential to provide growers with appropriate recommendations. The objective of this trial was to evaluate effect of paraquat based herbicide programs on newer peanut cultivars growth and yield. Field trials were conducted in Macon, Henry and Baldwin counties in Alabama in 2016 and 2017 and the peanut cultivars ‘Georgia 06G', ‘Georgia 12Y', ‘Georgia 14N', and ‘TufRunner 511’ were evaluated. Paraquat was applied alone (210, 280, 420 g ai/ha), in tank mixes with either bentazon plus acifluorfen or 2,4-DB and one of the following, S-metolachlor, pyroxasulfone, acetochlor, or pyroxasulfone plus carfentrazone at the highest labeled rates 3 to 4 wk after peanut planting. No cultivar by treatment interactions were observed for any growth parameters evaluated for any location. In 2017, paraquat either applied at 280 g ai/ha alone, tank mixed with S-metolachlor plus 2,4-DB, or with S-metolachlor plus bentazon plus acifluorfen significantly reduced canopy widths of 22 to 30%, 12 to 22%, and 20 to 37% respectively at 45 to 48 DAP when compared to the non-treated check (NTC). Yield reductions compared to the NTC were rare, paraquat plus bentazon plus acifluorfen plus pyroxasulfone plus carfentrazone had a 13% yield loss in Henry County and a 7% yield loss with paraquat 280 g ai/ha at Baldwin County in 2016 only. Data indicates peanut stunting may be observed following applications of paraquat tank mixes evaluated in this study, but it is unlikely these effects result in yield loss.

Download Full-text

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF OPEN POLLINATED MAIZE (Zea mays) TO TYPES AND RATES OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS IN RAINFOREST TRANSITORY AGROECOLOGY OF NIGERIA

Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment ◽

10.51406/jagse.v15i2.1979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 85-94

Author(s):

S. G. ADERIBIGBE ◽

O. S. SAKARIYAWO ◽

A. A. SORETIRE ◽

A. A. OYEKANMI ◽

P. A.S. SOREMI

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Organic Fertiliser ◽

Application Rates ◽

Organic Fertilisers ◽

Yield Responses

Sustainable maize (Zea mays) production in resource challenged regions of the world is achievable among others through optimal utilisation of organic fertilisers at varying rates. Field trials were conducted in Abeokuta (Latitude 7010' N and Longitude 3015' E) in the late cropping season of 2010 and 2011. Three commercially available organic fertilisers [(Gateway 1 (GF1), Gateway 2 (GF2) and Sunshine (SF)], at three rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and three replicates were used on improved open-pollinated maize variety (Swam 1 yellow). The experiment was laid out in a randomised completely blocked design. GF1 had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest effect on growth parameters (Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf area Index), with SF the least. A significant depression was observed in most growth parameters at increasing application rates of organic fertiliser, a converse pattern was observed on 1000 grain weight (GW), harvest index and cob length. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) vegetative growth, cob weight and grain yield was observed in 2010 than 2011, while 2011 had longer cobs and more 1000 GW than 2010. GF1 was recommended in Rainforest transitory zone of Nigeria at higher application rates though mediated by environmental factors. Keywords: , , ,

Download Full-text

Effect of Tillage and Soil-Applied Herbicides with Micro-Rate Herbicide Programs on Weed Control and Sugarbeet Growth

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-075.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 264-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Scott L. Bollman ◽

Christy L. Sprague

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Trials ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Giant Foxtail ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Herbicide Programs

Field trials were conducted to determine if tillage and soil-applied herbicides had an effect on weed control and sugarbeet growth with a micro-rate herbicide program. Sugarbeet emergence was earlier in the moldboard plowed system compared with the chisel plowed system at three of four sites. Conditions were dry and sugarbeets emerged 5 d later in the moldboard plowed system compared with the chisel plowed system at the fourth site. Even though the rate of sugarbeet emergence differed between tillage systems at all four sites, final sugarbeet populations did not differ at two of the four sites. Sugarbeet injury from PRE treatments ofS-metolachlor, ethofumesate, and ethofumesate plus pyrazon, followed by four POST micro-rate applications, ranged from 11 to 27% and 1 to 18% in the chisel and moldboard plowed systems, respectively, 6 wk after planting (WAP). Under wet conditions, sugarbeet stand was reduced and injury was greatest from PRE applications ofS-metolachlor. Common lambsquarters, pigweed (redroot pigweed and Powell amaranth), and giant foxtail control in mid-August was consistently higher when a PRE herbicide was applied prior to micro-rate herbicide treatments. Even though there were differences between PRE and no-PRE treatments with respect to sugarbeet injury and weed control, recoverable white sucrose yield did not differ between herbicide treatments. However, recoverable white sucrose yield was greater in the moldboard plowed treatments compared with the chisel plowed treatments at three out of the four sites.

Download Full-text

EFFECTS OF POULTRY MANURE AND WEED CONTROL METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SESAME VARIETIES

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

O. Danmaigoro ◽

M. I. Zamfara ◽

H. Yakubu ◽

Musa M. Umar

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Methods ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Sudan Savanna

Field trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 wet seasons at Federal University Dutse Teaching and Research Farm (Latitude 11 46, 39”N and Longitude 9 20, 30”E) in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria. To evaluate performance of sesame varieties as affected by poultry manure and weed control methods. The treatments consisted of five weed control treatments (pre-emergence application of ButachlorEC50%, hoe weeding at 3WAS +pre-emergence butachlor EC50%, pre-emergence butachlor EC50%+hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS, hoe weeding @ 3 and 6WAS and weedy check), three level of poultry manure (5, 10, and 15t/ha) and three sesame varieties (Ben 01, Yandev 55 and Ben 04E. The treatments were laid out in split plot design and replicated three times. The results indicated that weed control methods had significant effect (0.05) on the sesame growth and seed yield comparable to hoe weeding control at 3 and 6WAS where plant height number of leaves, capsule number per plant and seed yield of sesame were significant higher with the application of butachlor plus hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS compared to others weed control methods. Poultry manure application on sesame as 15t/ha gave taller plant height, more number of leaves, higher sesame dry weight, longer capsule length and seed yield of sesame than the other rates while Ben 01(455 and 1043 ) perform better than the others two varieties (Yandev 498, 756 and Ben4E 522 and 765 ) for 2017 and 2018 seasons. In conclusion,

Download Full-text

WEED CONTROL IN “LL” MAIZE TOLERANT TO GLUFOSINATE-AMMONIUM

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms2020v19e1194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

LEANDRO GALON ◽

MAICON RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽

ALEXANDRE FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽

ANDRÉ DALPONTE MENEGAT ◽

RENAN PAWELKIEWICZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Grain Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Glufosinate Ammonium ◽

Subsequent Application ◽

Control Spectrum ◽

Ear Number

The glufosinate-ammonium is an herbicide with contact action and, whenused in tolerant LL maize, requires associations with other products to improve the weed control spectrum and increase the residual period in the area. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of glufosinate-ammonium, applied alone and in combination with other herbicides, for weed control in maize crops. The treatments consisted of two strategies. In the first one, the following herbicides were applied in pre-emergence conditions: atrazine, [atrazine + simazine], [atrazine + oil], [atrazine + S-metolachlor], and S-metolachlor; with the subsequent application of glufosinate-ammonium in post-emergence condition of maize. The second application method corresponded to the use of glufosinate-ammonium, alone and combined with nicosulfuron + mesotrione and the other products used in the first strategy, in addition to two control areas, being one weed-infested and the other weed-free. Phytotoxicity on maize and weed control were assessed. Ear insertion height, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, thousand grain weight and maize yield were determined upon harvesting. The herbicides were effective and did not cause yield loss to the crop. The herbicides applied in combination with glufosinate-ammonium were efficient in regard to weed control and selective to maize.

Download Full-text

Weed control efficacy of hoe weeding and commercially formulated mixture of metolachlor + prometryn herbicide under maize production in soil amended with biochar

Agricultura tropica et subtropica ◽

10.2478/ats-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi ◽

David Obaloluwa Hosu ◽

Patience Mojibade Olorunmaiye ◽

Adeniyi Adebowale Soretire ◽

Joseph Aremu Adigun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Methods ◽

Maize Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Manual Weeding

Abstract Successful cultivation of maize depends largely on efficient weed control, adequate supply of essential nutrients and sufficient soil moisture. Screenhouse and field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria during the early and late cropping season of 2013 to evaluate effects of biochar integrated with manual weeding and pre-emergence herbicides on weed control efficiency and productivity of maize. The screenhouse trial was a 6 × 5 factorial experiment fitted into Completely Randomized Design in three replicates. The two factors were biochar: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha−1 and weed control methods: weedy check, hoe weeding at 6 Weeks After Sowing (WAS), hoe weeding at 3, 6, and 9 WAS, pre-emergence herbicide application (Codal Gold) at 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i./ha−1. The field trial was laid out in split-plot arrangement fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The three main treatments plots on the field consisted of the optimum rates of biochar obtained in the screenhouse (10 t ha−1) compared with 20 t ha−1 and 0 t ha−1 which served as the control. The sub-plots treatments consisted of weed control methods used in the screen house experiment. Data were collected on grain yield and weed dry matter. The result showed that biochar at 10 and 20 t ha−1 in the screenhouse and field trials, respectively, resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher grain yield compared with other rates tested. Highest grain yield was obtained in pots hoe weeded thrice at 3, 6 and 9 WAS. Whereas similar grain yield was recorded in plot weeded once at 6 WAS and that hoe weeded at 3, 6 and 9 WAS in the field experiment. Biochar application of 20 t ha−1 gave optimum maize yield. Among the weed control treatments manual weeding either at 6 WAS or at 3, 6 and 9 WAS recorded the highest grain yields. Therefore, incorporation of biochar with either preemergence herbicide or manual hoe weeding would enhance the growth and yield of maize.

Download Full-text

Effect of planting techniques and weed control treatments on growth and yield of wheat

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i3.1397 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1534-1539

Author(s):

Sudesh Devi ◽

V.S. Hooda ◽

Jagdev Singh ◽

Anil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Net Returns ◽

Free Treatment ◽

Weed Flora

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different planting techniques (conventional drill sowing at 16, 18 and 20 cm row spacing and bed planting with two and three rows in main plots) and weed control treatments (pinoxaden 50 g/ha, ready-mix (RM) of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha and pinoxaden 50 g/ha + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha in subplots) on growth and productivity of wheat. The grain yield under row spacing 18 cm (53.30 q/ha), and 20 cm (52.02 q/ha), and three rows bed planting (51.96 q/ha) were recorded statistically at par with each other and significantly higher than 16 cm (49.37 q/ha) row spacing and two row bed planting (48.53 q/ha). Gross returns (Rs. 95637/ha) and net returns (Rs. 43929/ha) and B:C ratio (1.85) were record-ed higher under 18 cm row spacing compared to other planting techniques. Tank mixed application of pinoxaden 50 g/ha + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha applied at 35 days after sowing (DAS) controlled both grassy and broad leaved weeds effectively with lower values of weed dry matter accumulation (7.67 g/ha) and produced growth parameters, yield attributes and yield (53.16 q/ha) at par with weed free treatment. In light of the results to maximise productivity, 18 cm row spacing may be practiced and tank mix application of pinoxaden (50 g/ha) + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron (25 g/ha) is recommended to reduce losses due to complex weed flora in wheat.

Download Full-text

INFLUENCE OF INTER-ROW SPACING AND WEED CONTROL METHODS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogeal (L.)

Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment ◽

10.51406/jagse.v16i1.1689 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 86-95

Author(s):

J. A. ADIGUN ◽

O. R. ADEYEMI ◽

S. T. O., LAGOKE ◽

P. M. OLORUNMAIYE ◽

O. S. DARAMOLA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Control Methods ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Main Plot

Weed competition has been identified as one of the major obstacles in crop production. The produc-tion of groundnut is limited by high weed infestation resulting in yield losses ranging from 50 - 80% in Nigeria. Hence, the need to evaluate integrated weed control in its production. Field trials were there-fore conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7o 20’ N, 30 23’ E) to evaluate the influence of inter-row spacing and weed control methods on growth and yield of groundnut during the wet seasons in 2009 and 2010. The experiment was a Randomised Complete Design (RCBD) laid out in a split plot with three replications. The main plot treatment con-sisted of three inter-row spacings of 60 cm, 75 cm and 90 cm while the subplots included five weed control treatments of commercial formulation of metolachlor plus promethyne mixture (codal) at 1.0 kg a.i/ha, codal at 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by supplementary hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), codal at 2 kg a.i./ha, hoe weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS and a weedy check. Inter-row spacings of 60 cm and 75 cm reduced weed growth with consequent higher yields compared to the inter-row spacings of 90 cm in the early season of 2009. Application of codal at 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by supplementary hoe weeding at 6 WAS combined with 60cm inter-row spacing gave effective weed control and higher groundnut pod yield than hoe-weeded control in both years of experimentation.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHING MATERIALS AND RATE OF APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L. )

African Journal of Science and Nature ◽

10.46881/ajsn.v6i0.145 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Saidat Adeola Abdul Azeez ◽

Christopher Olu Adejuyigbe ◽

Wasiu Babatunde Bello ◽

Tolulope Olaoluwa Fawole

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Main Factor

Field trials were conducted at University Organic–Agriculture farm, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta in 2011 to determine the response of different mulching materials on growth and yield of okra. It was a 3x3 factorial laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the main factor as the plant material Chromolaena odorata (CO) Glycine max (GM) and Panicum maximum ( PM) while rate ( 0, 5 and 10t/ha) of mulching materials were applied once before the first cropping was the sub-factor and all were replicated three times. Data were collected on growth parameters and yield attributes of okra (NHAE- 47-4) at first and second planting. The parameters assessed were significantly influenced (P <0.05) by the mulching material and rate of application. Higher values for plant height ( 56.3cm and 60.7cm ) , number of leaves ( 22 and 22) and stem girth (1.5cm and 2.1cm) at 16 weeks after planting (WAP) were obtained during the first and second planting from CO application of 10t/ha. Although, the higher number of flowers ( 14 and 21), number of pods ( 29 and 21) and weight of pods/plant (0.51kg and 0.44kg) were derived from PM when 10t/ha was used at 16 WAP during both plantings. Thus, optimum okra yield were obtained with application of 10t/ha of plant residues, therefore, mulching with PM residues at 10t/ha is recommended for high fruit yield of okra in the region of investigation.

Download Full-text

Broadleaf Weed Control with Sulfentrazone and Flumioxazin in No-Tillage Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x0004166x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 233-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jason W. Niekamp ◽

William G. Johnson ◽

Reid J. Smeda

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Trials ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Common Waterhemp ◽

No Till ◽

Additional Control ◽

Pitted Morningglory ◽

Herbicide Programs ◽

Better Than

Field trials were conducted at two sites in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate weed control and crop response to herbicide programs in no-till soybean that include flumioxazin or sulfentrazone alone and each herbicide tank-mixed with either chlorimuron or imazaquin. A prepackaged mixture of metribuzin plus chlorimuron also was included for comparison. Cool, wet conditions after herbicide application in both years were conducive to soybean injury up to 21% at 3 wk after planting (WAP). Flumioxazin and sulfentrazone alone provided ≥ 89% control of velvetleaf, Pennsylvania smartweed, and common cocklebur. Sulfentrazone alone provided greater control of common waterhemp, common cocklebur, and ivyleaf and pitted morningglories than flumioxazin. Flumioxazin provided greater control of common ragweed than sulfentrazone. The addition of chlorimuron to flumioxazin or sulfentrazone provided greater control of velvetleaf than flumioxazin or sulfentrazone alone. The addition of imazaquin or chlorimuron to flumioxazin provided greater control of common cocklebur than flumioxazin alone. The addition of imazaquin or chlorimuron to sulfentrazone provided greater control of common ragweed than sulfentrazone alone. The addition of chlorimuron or imazaquin to sulfentrazone or flumioxazin provided little or no additional control of pitted morningglory, common waterhemp, or Pennsylvania smartweed. Metribuzin plus chlorimuron provided control of velvetleaf, Pennsylvania smartweed, common ragweed, and common cocklebur that was equal to or better than the control provided by sulfentrazone or flumioxazin plus chlorimuron or imazaquin.

Download Full-text

Crop signal markers facilitate crop detection and weed removal from lettuce and tomato by an intelligent cultivator

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2019.120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 342-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

HannahJoy Kennedy ◽

Steven A. Fennimore ◽

David C. Slaughter ◽

Thuy T. Nguyen ◽

Vivian L. Vuong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Weed Control ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Field Trials ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Vegetable Crop ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Commercial Use ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Herbicide Use

AbstractIncreasing weed control costs and limited herbicide options threaten vegetable crop profitability. Traditional interrow mechanical cultivation is very effective at removing weeds between crop rows. However, weed control within the crop rows is necessary to establish the crop and prevent yield loss. Currently, many vegetable crops require hand weeding to remove weeds within the row that remain after traditional cultivation and herbicide use. Intelligent cultivators have come into commercial use to remove intrarow weeds and reduce cost of hand weeding. Intelligent cultivators currently on the market such as the Robovator, use pattern recognition to detect the crop row. These cultivators do not differentiate crops and weeds and do not work well among high weed populations. One approach to differentiate weeds is to place a machine-detectable mark or signal on the crop (i.e., the crop has the mark and the weed does not), thereby facilitating weed/crop differentiation. Lettuce and tomato plants were marked with labels and topical markers, then cultivated with an intelligent cultivator programmed to identify the markers. Results from field trials in marked tomato and lettuce found that the intelligent cultivator removed 90% more weeds from tomato and 66% more weeds from lettuce than standard cultivators without reducing yields. Accurate crop and weed differentiation described here resulted in a 45% to 48% reduction in hand-weeding time per hectare.

Download Full-text