scholarly journals Embedded Genres

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Sune Auken
Keyword(s):  
Written Communication ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
The Way

The concept of the embedded genre is of crucial importance if we want to understand the way genres interact, within any given text, within any given genre, and in forming larger genre patterns. By discussing a tentative distinction between three kinds of embedding, “recontextualized embedding” (from Bakhtin), “contextualized embedding” (from Orlikowski & Yates), and “element genre” (from Swales and Martin), the present study initiates an unraveling of some of the intricacies involved in genre embedding. This demonstrates why genre research as well as studies of written communication can profit from integrating an expanded understanding of genre embedding in its theoretical deliberations and analytical work.

The Place of Interests in Hobbes’s Civil Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-128
Author(s):  
Elliott Karstadt
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Civil Science ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Many scholars argue that Hobbes’s political ideas do not significantly develop between The Elements of Law (1640) and Leviathan (1651). This article seeks to challenge that assumption by studying the way in which Hobbes’s deployment of the vocabulary of ‘interest’ develops over the course of the 1640s. The article begins by showing that the vocabulary is newly important in Leviathan, before attempting a ‘Hobbesian definition’ of what is meant by the term. We end by looking at the impact that the vocabulary has on two key areas of Hobbes’s philosophy: his theory of counsel and his arguments in favour of monarchy as the best form of government. In both areas, Hobbes’s conception of ‘interests’ is shown to be of crucial importance in lending a new understanding of the political issue under consideration.

Martin Luther and Rhetoric

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vind
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Substantial Role ◽  
Dialectical Theory ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The Way

The Reformation was marked by fights with words, and the understanding of language and the use of it was central. This notion grew to a large extent out of the Renaissance movement in which new thinking on language had emerged, and the discipline of rhetoric, together with a renewed understanding of dialectics, had become more powerful than in medieval times. A turn toward the attention paid to rhetoric in antiquity took place, and a revival of ancient authorities on rhetorical and dialectical theory took root. Luther was a part of this, and rhetorical observations and thoughts play a substantial role throughout his oeuvre, not only in the way he made use of language in his struggle to find and spread new insights , but also in his thoughts, especially on spoken and written communication between God and man. The use of rhetoric is not the only key to explain how and why Luther’s theology developed in new and groundbreaking ways and became as influential as it did, but it certainly laid an important base for the unfolding of his creative thought.

When Risk Perception Gets in the Way: Probability Weighting and Underprevention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Baillon ◽  
Han Bleichrodt ◽  
Aysil Emirmahmutoglu ◽  
Johannes Jaspersen ◽  
Richard Peter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Probability Weighting ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Optimal Decision Making ◽  
The Way

Prevention efforts, such as quitting smoking, flu vaccination, and exercising, are of crucial importance in health policy, but people tend to undertake too few of them. The main reason is that most prevention efforts only reduce but do not completely eliminate the risk of poor health. This makes it harder for people to assess the benefits of prevention, because they tend to misperceive and transform probabilities. In “When Risk Perception Gets in the Way: Probability Weighting and Underprevention,” Baillon et al. introduce psychological insights (probability weighting) in a model of optimal decision making and show that most people undertake too little prevention when the risk of poor health is between 10% and 80%. The paper discusses several policy measures to make people spend more on prevention.

L’articolazione argomentativa di Plat. Soph. 237b7–239a11 e la natura del medamos on

Elenchos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-98
Author(s):  
Francesco Aronadio
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linguistic Level ◽  
Argumentative Structure ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

Abstract In Soph. 237b7–239a11 Plato lays out a sequence of arguments that are generally considered homogenous. An analysis of each argument can shed light on the need to differentiate their respective nature. Firstly, it will be shown that the arguments do not work only at the linguistic level, contrary to the way these passages are interpreted by most of commentators. The meta–linguistic nature of the third argument will be particularly emphasised. Secondly, it will be argued that the three arguments follow each other according to a crescendo. The implications of this argumentative structure will be specifically appreciated. Both these results of the analysis induce to attribute a crucial importance to the notion of medamos on: the arguments do not aim to definitively exclude the possibility of a Parmenidean non–being; they play a positive role within the inquiry of the Stranger of Elea, inasmuch the thematisation of Parmenidean non–being is seriously taken into account and embraced at this stage of the dialogue. In fact it is only through this dialectical step that the Stranger gains the chance to proceed in the direction of a relational ontology and a new concept of non–being. The positive role played by the medamos on presupposes that this expression and the equivalent ones are not mere absurdities and can find place in the Platonic use of language; this implies that the notion of medamos on must have a justification in the framework of Platonic relational ontology and conception of language. The consideration of this aspect eventually gives the opportunity to return to the three arguments and present an explanation of their positioning in that stage of the dialogue.

Marketing Trends in the Digital Age

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-310
Author(s):  
João Manuel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
The Way

Historically, technology has been the prime catalyst of social, cultural, and economic development. Breakthrough technologies have been found responsible for major disruptive civilizational leaps in time, crafting and reshaping the way we view the world and its infinite boundaries, resolving our common problems and how we interact in pursuit of a communal and cooperative existence. Marketing has constantly reinvented itself in light of the environmental changes caused by these new technologies, and in doing so, has introduced new marketing paradigms and principles. Drawing on key findings from the literature, this chapter discusses the transformational effect of the digital age-related technologies, highlighting major trends and their impact from a marketing perspective. Implicit to these findings and the arguments that follow is the idea that understanding these technologies and how to harness them is of crucial importance.

scholarly journals The New Science of Learning: How Research is Changing the Way We Teach

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Zakrajsek
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Black And White ◽  
New Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
The Way

The "science" in one’s field is designed to inform and advance the discipline, and where appropriate the society in which one lives. The pace at which new discoveries have changed just about everything over the past 50 years can make one’s head spin. Televisions that were relatively recently very small and in black and white are now as large as buildings and in 3D. Written communication just 30 years ago was conducted through letters and is now largely replaced by e-mails, instant messaging, and snap chats. What about teaching?  What do we now know about how learning works that can inform better teaching practices? Although a proliferation of misinformation pertaining to how students learn and how best to teach still exists, significant advances are being made. This session is designed to provide you with evidence about how students learn, show you methods to get students more involved in the content, and demonstrate relevant applications from pedagogical research that can be used in just about any class. 

Preliminaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Charles Forceville
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Evolution Theory ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Dan Sperber ◽  
The Way

The central thesis of this book is that relevance theory, pioneered by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, can be developed into an all-encompassing theory for modeling communication, including its visual and multimodal mass-communicative varieties. The first chapter paves the way for this claim by discussing a series of studies from different disciplines that together paint a picture of the basic assumptions underlying communication. Ultimately relevance theory is rooted in the Darwinian drive to survive and to reproduce. Aspects of this are the crucial importance of intentionality; the close link between perception and cognition; the need for group members to cooperate to achieve shared goals; the connection between information and attitudes, emotions, and beliefs pertaining to that information; and agreement about what is “fair” behavior. To support these claims, key insights are discussed and summarized in studies of two psycholinguists (Gibbs 1999; Clark 1996), two film scholars (Bordwell 1989; Grodal 2009), two art historians (Gombrich 1999; Arnheim 1969), two scholars working on communication with apes (Tomasello 2008, 2019; De Waal 2009, 2016), and several humanities and social science scholars inspired by Darwin’s evolution theory (Boyd et al. 2010).

Sight

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-178
Author(s):  
Johanna Drucker
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Playing on the pun between site and sight, this chapter argues that the way we process the visual dimensions of language is connected to the spatial conditions and circumstances in which we encounter written texts. In other words, where we read is as fundamental to the way the meaning of written language is produced and contributes materially to how we understand what we are reading. This assertion suggests that all reading of signs and inscriptions is not only dependent on the circumstances in which the text is encountered, but that texts help constitute the “world” in which they are read. This constructivist approach proceeds from the assumption that space is an effect of inscriptional traces. In the highly mediated circumstances of current culture, we are constantly—simultaneously—processing multiple intersecting systems of digital and analog instances of written communication, which means that temporal aspects of site/sight are also in play.

scholarly journals Commune sepulcrum

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Somfai
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Bellum Civile ◽  
Roman Literature ◽  
Roman Poetry ◽  
The Common ◽  
The City ◽  
Literary Phenomenon ◽  
Past State ◽  
The Way

In Roman literature, Troy appears as a locus memoriae on several occasions. As a locus memoriae is an image of a location’s past state, it inevitably recalls that past state’s absence in the present. Troy as a literary locus memoriae recalls its own present absence, that it is only a ruin, or – according to Lucan – even less than a ruin. In this context, a literary phenomenon, i. e. the depiction of Troy being the equivalent of the absence of/or the grief for the loss of something or somebody can later be traced in the Roman poetry. Catullus, mourning his brother’s death at Troy, calls the city the common grave (commune sepulcrum) of Asia and Europe in his carmen 68. Regarding Troy, several complex allusions can be noticed in Vergil’s Aeneid recalling both Catullus 68 and 101, the two poems that are in both thematic and intertextual connection with each other. The purpose of the present study is to examine – by means of analysing the above mentioned intertexts – what kind of special locus memoriae Troy becomes in the Aeneid. This will be of crucial importance to observe the way Troy later appears in Lucan’s Bellum Civile.

The Writer's Audience is Always a Fiction

PMLA ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
The Real ◽  
Diary Writing ◽  
Written Word ◽  
The Way

AbstractWhereas the spoken word is part of present actuality, the written word normally is not. The writer, in isolation, constructs a role for his “audience” to play, and readers fictionalize themselves to correspond to the author's projection. The way readers fictionalize themselves shifts throughout literary history: Chaucer, Lyly, Nashe, Hemingway, and others furnish cases in point. All writing, from scientific monograph to history, epistolary correspondence, and diary writing, fictionalizes its readers. In oral performance, too, some fictionalizing of audience occurs, but in the live interaction between narrator and audience there is an existential relationship as well: the oral narrator modifies his story in accord with the real—not imagined—fatigue, enthusiasm, or other reactions of his listeners. Fictionalizing of audiences correlates with the use of masks or personae marking human communication generally, even with oneself. Lovers try to strip off all masks, and oral communication in a context of love can reduce masks to a minimum. In written communication and, a fortiori, print the masks are less removable.

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