Exploring Nutrition Labelling of Food and Beverages in Vending Machines in Canadian Recreational Sport Settings

Purpose: To evaluate whether interpretive “health” labels placed in vending machines in recreation centres represented products’ nutrient content when compared with provincial nutrition guidelines.Methods: A cross-sectional audit (November 2015 – April 2016) of 139 vending machines in recreation facilities found 525 foods and beverages in 17 machines labelled by vendors according to healthfulness. Product nutrient content was compared with provincial nutrition guideline criteria. Cross-tabulation and weighted Cohen’s kappa evaluated agreement between vendor interpretive labels and guideline ranks. Descriptive statistics evaluated how mislabelled products deviated from recommended nutrient content. Mann–Whitney tests compared nutrient content of “healthy” and “unhealthy” labelled products.Results: Almost one-third of all products were mislabelled by vendors with 72% of those labelled healthier than their actual guideline rank. Energy, total fat, sugar, and sodium contents exceeded recommended levels in one-third to one-half of mislabelled products. Overall, products labelled healthy by vendors were significantly lower in energy, sodium, and fat compared with those labelled unhealthy; however, not for all food types (e.g., bars, fruit snacks, nuts).Conclusions: For certain product categories, vendor interpretive nutrition labels poorly represented products’ nutrient content according to provincial nutrition guidelines. Dietitians may be a valuable resource to help implement nutrition guidelines to create credible interpretive product labelling systems.

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Nutrition labelling, marketing techniques, nutrition claims and health claims on chip and biscuit packages from sixteen countries

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015000658 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 998-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Alexandra J Mayhew ◽

Karen Lock ◽

Roya Kelishadi ◽

Sumathi Swaminathan ◽

Claudia S Marcilio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Claims ◽

Health Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrition Labels ◽

Nutrition Claims ◽

Nutrition Labelling ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Food Packages ◽

On Chip ◽

Promotional Marketing

AbstractObjectiveFood packages were objectively assessed to explore differences in nutrition labelling, selected promotional marketing techniques and health and nutrition claims between countries, in comparison to national regulations.DesignCross-sectional.SettingChip and sweet biscuit packages were collected from sixteen countries at different levels of economic development in the EPOCH (Environmental Profile of a Community’s Health) study between 2008 and 2010.SubjectsSeven hundred and thirty-seven food packages were systematically evaluated for nutrition labelling, selected promotional marketing techniques relevant to nutrition and health, and health and nutrition claims. We compared pack labelling in countries with labelling regulations, with voluntary regulations and no regulations.ResultsOverall 86 % of the packages had nutrition labels, 30 % had health or nutrition claims and 87 % displayed selected marketing techniques. On average, each package displayed two marketing techniques and one health or nutrition claim. In countries with mandatory nutrition labelling a greater proportion of packages displayed nutrition labels, had more of the seven required nutrients present, more total nutrients listed and higher readability compared with those with voluntary or no regulations. Countries with no health or nutrition claim regulations had fewer claims per package compared with countries with regulations.ConclusionsNutrition label regulations were associated with increased prevalence and quality of nutrition labels. Health and nutrition claim regulations were unexpectedly associated with increased use of claims, suggesting that current regulations may not have the desired effect of protecting consumers. Of concern, lack of regulation was associated with increased promotional marketing techniques directed at children and misleadingly promoting broad concepts of health.

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College Students’ Perception of the Effectiveness of Vending Machine Interventions to Improve Snack Quality

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab043_010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 558-558

Author(s):

Christie Kirchoff ◽

Karina Abadia ◽

Cristina Palacios ◽

Marianna Sanchez

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

South Florida ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Snack Food ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Snack Foods ◽

Vending Machines ◽

Total Fat

Abstract Objectives The college food environment plays an integral role in student dietary intake during a critical transitional time. Snacking in the US is frequent and even more so among college students, with 98% consuming snacks daily, and about four times per day. Snacking affects overall diet quality by contributing 22% of the total energy, 36% of the total sugar, and 19% of the total fat and saturated fat consumed daily. Vending machines (VM) at colleges are of increased importance because they are used frequently and contain calorie-dense, nutrient-poor, and highly-processed foods. Many schools have attempted to improve the quality of snack foods offered in VMs with a top-down approach that often fails and might decrease VM revenue. This study aims to uncover college students' purchasing habits and preferences for improving snack options. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered in the Spring of 2019 to a sample of 194 college students examining snacking practices and preferences at a large Hispanic serving university in South Florida. Statistical analysis using SPSS 26 included descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis in determining frequency, percentages, and relationships between VM use and factors influencing snack choice and perception of intervention effectiveness. Results Respondents' ages ranged between 18–40 years old (M = 20.9, SD = 3.10), 91% reported purchasing snack foods from vending machines. Participants who used VM (occasionally or frequently) ranked lowering the price of healthy products (score 3.45 and 3.60, respectively) as the intervention that would be most helpful in choosing a healthy snack. However, participants who rarely or never use VM chose labels indicating which items were healthy (score 3.40) as the most helpful intervention. Significant differences exist between VM users and Non-VM users related to intervention preference. Conclusions Incorporating student perspectives to tailor VM interventions to impact a broader range of VM users and non-users will improve the effectiveness. Without students' perspective, many factors that influence students' snack food choices and how they utilize VMs will be missed. By eliciting student consumers' feedback, Universities can improve food environments to include healthier options without sacrificing revenue. Funding Sources None.

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Nutrient content of products purchased following the implementation of the “Healthier Vending Policy” in Ireland.

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120000750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Olivia Porter ◽

Isobel Stanley ◽

Agatha Lawless ◽

Sarah O'Brien ◽

Cecily C. Kelleher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Policy Implementation ◽

Product Information ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Snack Food ◽

Vending Machines ◽

Carbonated Drinks ◽

Total Fat ◽

Cereal Bars

AbstractIntroductionThe food environment influences food choices made by populations. On-the-go snacking has become an integral part of modern Irish life and must be considered when shaping such environments, considering that the Republic of Ireland population consume an average of 2.5 snacks daily, with 22% of snacking occasions occurring outside the home. This has driven the increased prevalence of snack food vending machines which typically stock unhealthy products that are high in energy, fat and sugar. The Health Service Executive (HSE) implemented the Healthier Vending Policy in 2015 to increase the availability of healthier products across HSE premises. This research examined the nutrient content of snacks and beverages purchased in vending machines on HSE premises following the implementation of the HSE Healthier Vending Policy.Materials and MethodsVending machines product and sales data were obtained from two vending machines companies at baseline in 2015 and following policy implementation in 2016. Product labels and online product information were used to obtain the energy and nutrient contents. The products were assigned to a snack or beverage category; nuts, mints, cereal bars, chocolates, sweets, crisps, waters, juices, carbonated drinks and other. New variables were computed, descriptive analyses were undertaken and Wilcoxon-signed rank tests performed using SPSS Statistics 24. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsSnacks and beverages sold in 295 vending machines across 89 HSE premises were analysed. There were statistically significant decreases in median energy sold per packet (9.7%) and per 100 g (7.1%) following policy implementation. Reductions in total fat (53.2%), saturated fat (32.4%), sugar (10.0%) and sodium (20.0%) sold also occurred. When snacks were analysed separately the findings were less positive, as a statistically significant increase in energy sold per packet and an increase in total fat sold per 100 g occurred. The findings in relation to beverages were mixed. The effect of the policy varied across snack categories, with particularly large reductions in energy sold per packet in carbonated drinks (54.0%) and cereal bars (44.2%).DiscussionAdecrease in the amount of energy, total fat, saturated fat, sugar and sodium sold was observed following the implementation of the policy. The HSE Healthier Vending Policy seemed to promote a healthier environment. It is recommended that this policy continues to be implemented and is reviewed to ensure the best possible outcomes nationally. It is also advisable to bring this policy to other settings to combat obesogenic environments and promote public health.

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Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Foods with Front-of-Package Protein Claims (P04-149-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.p04-149-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Gina McKeon ◽

William Hallman

Keyword(s):

Food Products ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frozen Food ◽

Product Categories ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Label Information ◽

Protein Label ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

Total Fat

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to characterize food products that make front-of-package protein claims. The study will also determine how these protein-labeled products compare nutritionally to similar products without protein claims. Methods Products with front-of-package protein claims were analyzed using Label Insight, an online product database of label information and product images for over 330,000 foods. Product categories with the greatest proportion of products with protein claims were determined. An assessment of which type of protein claim (e.g., “Good Source of Protein,” “5 g of protein per serving”) is present most frequently was performed. Logistic regression was used to predict the types of claims that are made based on the type of product (e.g., yogurt, cereal). Additionally, within those product categories that contain a high proportion of protein-labeled products, a cross-sectional comparison of the calorie, protein, fat, sugar, and sodium content of food products with and without front-of-package protein labels was completed. Results Preliminary data reveal that the three food categories with the greatest proportion of protein claims relative to all products in that category are: Dairy, Frozen Food, and Cereal & Breakfast Foods. These categories are comprised of 15.33%, 14.32%, and 13.83% of products with protein claims, respectively. Preliminary results for the nutritional comparisons of cereal using Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that median protein per 100 g and median total fat per 100 g were both statistically significantly higher in the cereals with protein labels than in the cereal without protein labels, (U = 79, 616.5, P < .001 and U = 31,186.5, P < .001, respectively). Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that foods making protein claims are common in multiple product categories and that some nutrients may be higher in those that have a protein label. Ongoing quantitative analyses are further evaluating the extent of these nutritional differences. Funding Sources N/A.

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A cross-sectional survey of nutrition labelling use and its associated factors on parents of school students in Shanghai, China

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018000332 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 1418-1425

Author(s):

Jianhong Ma ◽

Zhenxin Zhu ◽

Xiao Chen ◽

Yan Guo ◽

Huansheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrition Labels ◽

Nutrition Labelling ◽

Chinese Food

AbstractObjectiveTo understand parents’ knowledge and use of nutrition labelling and to explore its associated factors.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTwo schools providing a nine-year educational programme in Putuo District, Shanghai, China, were selected for the study. Information was included on demographic data and knowledge of the Chinese Food Pagoda.SubjectsStudents and their parents (n 1770) participated in a questionnaire survey.ResultsOf questionnaires, 1766 were completed (response rate 99·8 %). Utilization rate of nutrition labelling was 19·3 %. Among 624 parents knowing nutrition labelling, 22·1 % understood all the information included, 70·7 % understood it partially and 7·2 % could not understand it at all. Use of nutrition labelling by parents was related to the following factors (OR; 95 % CI): high educational level of parent (1·465; 1·165, 1·841), parent’s knowledge of the Chinese Food Pagoda (1·333; 1·053, 1·688), parent’s consumption of top three snacks which are unhealthy (1·065; 1·023, 1·109), parent’s assumption that nutrition labelling would affect their choice of food (1·522; 1·131, 2·048), student’s willingness to learn about labels (1·449; 1·093, 1·920) and student’s knowledge and use of labels (2·214; 1·951, 2·513).ConclusionsParents’ knowledge and use of nutrition labelling are still at a lower level, and some information included in the nutrition labels is not understood by parents. The forms of the existing nutrition labelling need to be continuously improved to facilitate their understanding and usefulness. It is necessary to establish nutrition projects focusing on education and use of nutrition labels which help parents and their children make the right choices in selecting foods.

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STRATEGI KOPING ORANG TUA TERHADAP ANAK AUTIS DAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.33086/jhs.v11i2.113 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 196-204

Author(s):

Asirotul Ma’rifah ◽

Naning Puji Suryantini Suryantini ◽

Rina Mardiyana

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Adaptive Coping ◽

Autistic Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Authoritarian Parenting ◽

Cross Tabulation ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Autism is still a nightmare for most parents. Parents with autism can be very stressful when dealing with a hyperactive child's behavior, aggressive and passive. Stress experienced by parents of children with autism will affect the ability of parents in the parenting role, especially in relation to coping strategies have in dealing with problems of children. The participation of parents is crucial the success of socializing with children with autism in the general population. This study aims to determine the relationship of coping strategies parents of autistic children and parenting parents. This type of research is an analytic correlation with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all parents of autistic children in SLB Muhammadiyah Mojokerto numbering 15 people. Samples in this study were all parents of autistic children in SLB Muhammadiyah Mojokerto which totaled 15 people by using total sampling technique. Collecting data using questionnaires. Data analized use cross tabulation, presented in a frequency distribution. On cross-tabulation obtained results tend to use maladaptive coping strategies permissive parenting that is 8 (53.3%), there are also respondents who use adaptive coping strategies using authoritarian parenting as much as one person (16.7%), and adaptive coping strategies tend using democratic parenting style as much as 5 people (33.3%). Expected parents still seeking information to broaden their parents on coping strategies of parents of autistic children and parenting parents as well as parents to give special attention for children with autism to the development and advancement of their lives because they have the same rights as any other normal child.

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Nutritional considerations of a pediatric gluten free food guide for celiac disease

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521000994 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Diana R. Mager ◽

Samantha Cyrkot ◽

Christine Lirette ◽

Herbert Brill ◽

Jenna Dowhaniuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Free Food ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Literacy ◽

Nutrition Guidelines

Abstract The gluten free (GF) diet is the only treatment for celiac disease (CD). While the GF diet can be nutritious, increased reliance on processed and packaged GF foods can result in higher fat/sugar and lower micronutrient intake in children with CD. Currently, there are no evidence-based nutrition guidelines that address the GF diet. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the methodological considerations in forming a GF food guide for Canadian children and youth (4-18 years) with CD. Food guide development occurred in three phases: 1) evaluation of nutrient intake and dietary patterns of children on the GF diet, 2) pre-guide stakeholder consultations with 151 health care professionals and 383 community end users, and 3) development of 1260 GF diet simulations that addressed cultural preferences and food traditions, diet patterns and diet quality. Stakeholder feedback identified nutrient intake and food literacy as important topics for guide content. Except for vitamin D, the diet simulations met 100% macro- and micronutrient requirements for age-sex. The pediatric GF plate model recommends intake of >50% fruits and vegetables, <25% grains and 25% protein foods with a stronger emphasis on plant-based sources. Vitamin D fortified fluid milk/unsweetened plant-based alternatives and other rich sources are important to optimize vitamin D intake. The GF food guide can help children consume a nutritiously adequate GF diet and inform policy makers regarding the need for nutrition guidelines in pediatric CD.

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Serving sizes and energy values on the nutrition labels of regular and diet/light processed and ultra-processed dairy products sold in Brazil

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-10-2015-0353 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 118 (7) ◽

pp. 1579-1593 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Priscila Pereira Machado ◽

Mariana Vieira dos Santos Kraemer ◽

Nathalie Kliemann ◽

Cláudia Flemming Colussi ◽

Marcela Boro Veiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Nutrition Labels ◽

Content Type ◽

Size Information ◽

Nutrition Labelling ◽

Serving Sizes ◽

Serving Size

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare the serving sizes and energy values reported on the nutrition information of all processed and ultra-processed dairy products in their regular and diet/light versions available for sale in a large supermarket in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach – A check was done for associations between the compliance of reported serving sizes, energy values per serving and energy density for regular foods and foods advertised at “diet/light” (with reduced fat and calories). Findings – The data included information from 451 dairy product labels. Most of the products had serving sizes smaller than the reference set by Brazilian law. A high variability of serving sizes was found for similar products. “Diet/light” foods tend to report serving sizes that are even smaller and more inadequate. Moreover, the energy density of these products was similar to that of the regular foods. Smaller serving sizes may be being presented on “diet/light” foods in order to report lower energy values and on similar foods to show non-existent differences in energy values. These results point to the importance of standardizing serving size information on food labels so that consumers have access to clear and accurate information about food products. Originality/value – This was the first census-type study to analyse the serving size information of dairy products at a supermarket of one of the ten largest supermarket chains in Brazil. This work extends the scope of current food labelling and contributes to the discussion about how nutrition labelling has been presented to Brazilian consumers and its possible consequences for food choices and the guarantee of consumer rights.

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Evaluation of Quality of Root Canal Obturation, Coronal Restoration and Periapical Health in Failed Endodontically Treated Teeth

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/whtj7349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 54-59

Author(s):

Syed Adeel Ahmed ◽

Safia Anwar ◽

Imtiaz ul Haq

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

P Value ◽

Periapical Lesion ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total N ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Tabulation

Objective: To investigate the implication of quality of obturation and coronal restoration on periapical tissue in failed endodontically treated teeth. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional research was performed in the Operative Department of BUMDC on 187 patients reporting with root canal failure from March 2019 to August 2019. Methodology: Patients of both genders aged between 20-60 years were considered for this study. Single and multirooted teeth indicated for repeated endodontic treatment due to under filled, overfilled obturation, voids in obturation, absence and presence of coronal restoration were included. One operator carried out clinical examination of the teeth and periapical radiograph was taken for each patient by using E-Speed film and evaluated by the same operator using an illuminated viewer box. SPSS 17 for windows software was used for data entering and chi- square test was applied for statistical calculation of the outcomes. Results: Total n=187 endodontic treated failed teeth were evaluated, out of which 52.9% were of females and 47.1% to males. The number of obturations with acceptable length were 81(43.3%), with adequate density were 107 (57.2%) and with consistent taper were 116(62%). Periapical lesion was observed in 118(63.1%) cases. Quality of obturation significantly affects the periapical health. Cross tabulation showed a significant association (p-value <0.000) between inadequate coronal restoration and changes in periapical area. Conclusion: The successful prognosis of the root canal treatment relies on the good quality of obturation and adequate coronal filling.

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Testosterone substitution of hypogonadal men prevents the age-dependent increases in body mass index, body fat and leptin seen in healthy ageing men: results of a cross-sectional study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460505 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 505-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C Rolf ◽

S von Eckardstein ◽

U Koken ◽

E Nieschlag

Keyword(s):

Fat Mass ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fat Content ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Testosterone Substitution ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Total Fat

INTRODUCTION: In healthy men, body weight and total fat content increase with advancing age, while serum testosterone levels decrease. In order to elucidate whether a causal relationship between these phenomena exists, we investigated the influence of testosterone or human chorionic gonadotrophin substitution on body mass index (BMI), total fat mass and serum leptin in testosterone-treated and untreated hypogonadal patients in comparison with ageing eugonadal men. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the inter-relationships of body weight, total fat mass, serum sex hormones and leptin were analysed in untreated hypogonadal men (n=24; age 19-65 years), treated hypogonadal men (n=61; age 20-67 years) and healthy eugonadal men (n=60; age 24-78 years). Total fat mass was assessed by bioimpedance measurement. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect possible differences. RESULTS: In eugonadal men, serum testosterone levels decreased with advancing age (correlation coefficients: r=-0.71; P<0.0001), while BMI (r=0.39; P=0.002), total fat content (r=0.51; P<0.0001) and leptin (r=0.48; P<0.0001) increased significantly. In untreated hypogonadal patients, an increase in BMI (r=0.50; P=0.013) and total fat mass (r=0.41; P=0.044) was also observed with advancing age. However, in substituted hypogonadal patients, no age-dependent change in BMI (r=0.067; P=0.606), body fat content (r=-0.083; P=0.522), serum testosterone (r=-0,071; P=0.59) or serum leptin (r=-0.23; P=0.176) was found. CONCLUSION: Since testosterone-substituted older hypogonadal men show BMI and fat mass similar to those of younger eugonadal men and since non-treated hypogonadal men are similar to normal ageing men, testosterone appears to be an important factor contributing to these changes. Thus ageing men should benefit from testosterone substitution as far as body composition is concerned.

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