scholarly journals Сomprehensive support of children with autistic spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
N.V. Chekaleva1 ◽  
◽  
Z.K. Kulsharipova2 ◽  
L.S. Syrymbetova2 ◽  
B.A. Matayev3 ◽  
...  

Today, autism is a significant social problem that is becoming more widespread, affecting children who have the same type of developmental problems, but with different options for overcoming them. This is what causes the idea of autism as a set of autism spectrum disorders. Children with ASD are a polymorphic group, which manifests itself in psychological and pedagogical features, which complicates social adaptation. In psychological and pedagogical terms, children with ASD are allocated to a special group, since interaction is built differently due to qualitative communication disorders. In many cases, children with ASD who come to school have unformed learning behaviors. For the successful development of the program material in children with ASD, it is necessary to form a stereotype of educational behavior, on which all school education is based. Deficits in the formation of these skills can lead to a longer period of adaptation of the child in school and to difficulties in mastering the program. In this article, we consider the necessary skills, the formation of which is aimed at psychological and pedagogical assistance to a child with ASD in preparation for school.

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
R.L. Esterbrook ◽  
S.A. Esterbrook ◽  
A. Dreyfus ◽  
T.A. Karpekova ◽  
E.N. Soldatenkova

The article presents an analysis of theoretical principles and methodological approaches within the framework of research schools both in the United States and Russia; these schools provide the basis for the development of effective learning and communication skills for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The authors consider the indicators for communication disorders in children with ASD, as well as the main strategies for overcoming them in the context of utilizing verbal behavior analysis (B.F. Skinner, M.L. Sundberg, J.W. Partington, and M.L. Barbera - USA), the tradition of cultural-historical psychology (L.S. Vygotsky, D.B. Elkonin, B.D. Elkonin - Russia), reflective-activity approach (A.N. Leontiev, V.K. Zaretsky – Russia), the theory of systemic dynamic localization of higher mental functions(A.R. Luria – Russia), and method of ”replacing ontogenesis” (B.A. Arkhipov, A.V. Semenovich Russia). Despite the differences in methodologies used by American and Russian scholars, the most important idea is that the researchers and practitioners of both schools have common goal: to concentrate their efforts on developing social interaction skills in children with ASD, which helps them to better adjust in their lives and function in the social environment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Krykunenko Yu.O.

The effectiveness of the process of socialization of a child with autism spectrum disorders depends on a number of complex unresolved issues, as well as on the theoretical and methodological development of correctional programs. Despite the large number of works devoted to the study of various aspects of the development of children with ASD, it should be noted that in the domestic and foreign literature has not formed an established, full definition of this issue.The purpose of the article is to review the theoretical aspect of the study of speech features in autistic disorders in preschool children. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the problem of RAS, its essence, speech features and communicative interaction of children with others. Manifestations of speech development in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders that affect the process of socialization are characterized. The variety of behavioural features of children with ASD and personality traits are considered.It is established that autism spectrum disorders in children have a number of characterological features of development and behaviour that are not inherent in other nosologies, namely: stereotyped movements and manifestations, communication disorders (verbal and nonverbal), regression of interests, lack of interest in interacting with others. Most scientists have come to the conclusion, that RAS is a specific state of a child’s development, which manifests itself in sensory-perceptual disorders and deficits, and therefore requires detailed study and development of corrective techniques that will allow to correct personality development. It was found that preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders have a number of difficulties in establishing social interaction, which is associated with the characteristics of development, and significantly affects the process of socialization of the child in society. The researchers noted that the inclusive education of children with ASD should be based on two areas: behaviour correction and the formation of skills and abilities. Correction methods should be developed individually through a comprehensive approach to the individual.Key words: autistic disorders, ASD, speech development, communicative activity, socialization. Ефективність процесу соціалізації дитини з розладами аутистичного спектра залежить від низки складних невирішених питань, а також від теоретико-методологічного розроблення корекційних програм. Незважаючи на велику кількість праць, які присвячені дослідженню різних аспектів розвитку дітей з РАС, необхідно констатувати, що у вітчизняній та зарубіжній літературі так і не сформовано усталеної, повноцінної дефініції з цього питання.Мета статті – огляд теоретичного аспекту дослідження мовленнєвих особливостей у разі аутистичних порушень у дітей дошкільного віку. Проведений аналіз вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури щодо проблеми виникнення РАС, його сутності, мовленнєвих особливостей і комунікативної взаємодії дітей з оточуючими. Охарактеризовані прояви мовленнєвого розвитку у дітей дошкільного віку з розладами аутистичного спектра, які впливають на процес соціалізації. Розглянуто різноманіття особливостей поведінки дітей з РАС та характерні риси особистості.Встановлено, що розлади аутистичного спектра у дітей мають низку характерологічних особливос-тей розвитку та поведінки, які не притаманні іншим нозологіям, а саме: стереотипність рухів та проявів, порушення комунікації (вербальної та невербальної), регідність інтересів, відсутність зацікавленості у взаємодії з оточуючими. Більшість науковців прийшли до думки, що РАС – це специфічний стан розвитку дитини, який проявляється у сенсорно-перцептивних розладах та дефіциті, а тому потребує детального вивчення та розроблення корекційних методик, які дадуть можливість корегувати розвиток особисто-сті. Виявлено, що дошкільники з розладами аутистичного спектра мають низку труднощів у встановленні соціальної взаємодії, що пов’язано з характерологічними особливостями розвитку, суттєво впли-ває на процес соціалізації дитини у суспільство. Дослідники зазначали, що інклюзивна освіта дітей з РАС повинна базуватися на двох напрямах: корекції поведінки та формування навичок та умінь. Мето-ди корекції повинні розроблятися індивідуально шляхом комплексного підходу до стану особистості.Ключові слова: аутистичні порушення, РАС, мовленнєвий розвиток, комунікативна діяльність, соціалізація.


2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Julie E. Cleary ◽  
Ashlynn McAlpine ◽  
Allison M. Plumb

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).


2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Smith

In this article, I will review the available recent literature about the aging population with autism, a patient group that researchers know little about and a group that is experiencing a growing need for support from communication disorders professionals. Speech-language pathologists working with geriatric patients should become familiar with this issue, as the numbers of older patients with autism spectrum disorders is likely to increase. Our profession and our health care system must prepare to meet the challenge these patients and residents will present as they age.


Author(s):  
Dominique H. Como ◽  
Leah I. Stein Duker ◽  
José C. Polido ◽  
Sharon A. Cermak

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Ghaffari ◽  
Elham Mousavinejad ◽  
Forough Riahi ◽  
Masoumeh Mousavinejad ◽  
Mohammad Reza Afsharmanesh

Background. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex disorders where the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Several proinflammatory and immunoinflammatory disturbances have been observed in the etiology of ASD. There is, however, limited knowledge on variations of adipokines in ASD. The present study aimed to analyze the serum levels of resistin, visfatin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in children with ASD in relation to body weight, gender, and ASD severity level. Method. In total, 30 children with ASD (mean age: 7.72±2.65 y; range; 4–12 y) and 30 healthy children (mean age: 8.4±2.66 y; range: 4–12 y), including males and females, were matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Serum samples were collected, and visfatin, resistin, and TNF-α serum levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Result. Serum visfatin, resistin, and TNF-α levels in children with ASD were significantly higher than that in the healthy patients (p<0.05). Two significant correlations were found: a correlation between resistin and visfatin with TNF-α in children with ASD (R = 0.8 and R = 0.62, resp.) and a correlation between resistin and visfatin in children with ASD (R = 0.66). Conclusion. Higher TNF-α, resistin, and visfatin levels were found in children with ASD in comparison with controls, suggesting that elevated levels of serum proinflammatory agents may be implicated in the pathophysiology of ASD.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S214-S214 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kobylinska ◽  
C.G. Anghel ◽  
I. Mihailescu ◽  
F. Rad ◽  
I. Dobrescu

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a less definitive hand preference for certain actions as opposed to neurotypical children. Moreover, left-handedness in children with ASD has been associated with more echolalia. The objective was to conduct a screening of potential risk and associated features for autism spectrum disorders, among which the hand preference of the child. The current aim is to compare the perceived handedness of children with autism spectrum disorders with that of children with other psychiatric pathologies.MethodsEight hundred and forty-two parents completed our risk and associated features screening questionnaire. Out of these, 494 answered the question regarding handedness (209 had children diagnosed with ASD). This asked the parents to state how they perceived their child's handedness. An ADOS assessment has been conducted for 170 of the children whose parents were included in the study, based on clinical relevance for the case. The data were analysed using Excel and SPSS 22.0. For the comparisons, Chi2 and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used.ResultsChildren with ASD had more left-handedness (χ2(2) = 12.54, P = 0.002). There were no differences between boys and girls in terms of perceived handedness in any of the groups. There were no differences in the ADOS scores according to the perceived hand laterality (χ2(2) = 0.58, P = 0.74).ConclusionRightward-asymmetry in regions of corpus callosum has been reported to correlate with symptoms severity in ASD. The finding of different perceived handedness in children with ASD versus children with other psychiatric pathologies is useful for designing appropriate, individualized training programs for motor therapy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


Author(s):  
Sarah N. Douglas ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Saptarshi Das ◽  
Subir Biswas

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) struggle to develop appropriate social skills, which can lead to later social rejection, isolation, and mental health concerns. Educators play an important role in supporting and monitoring social skill development for children with ASD, but the tools used by educators are often tedious, lack suitable sensitivity, provide limited information to plan interventions, and are time-consuming. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the use of a sensor system to measure social proximity between three children with ASD and their peers in an inclusive preschool setting. We compared video-coded data with sensor data using point-by-point agreement to measure the accuracy of the sensor system. Results suggest that the sensor system can adequately measure social proximity between children with ASD and their peers. The next steps for sensor system validation are discussed along with clinical and educational implications, limitations, and future research directions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
T.S. Kubasova

The State Darwin Museum has been carrying out work on the socio-cultural rehabilitation of people with disabilities with museum facilities for the many years. The museum is actively developing the direction on the complex adaptation for visitors with autism spectrum disorders.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Barry Coughlan ◽  
Matt Woolgar ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽  
Robbie Duschinsky

Abstract Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disinhibited and reactive attachment disorders (RAD/DAD) often experience socioemotional problems. Elucidating a clear picture of these profiles is essential. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) were analysed from cohort of children with ASD (n = 1430), ADHD (n = 1193), and RAD/DAD (n = 39). Kruskal–Wallis Tests and network analytic techniques were used to investigate symptom profiles. Children with ASD experienced more emotional problems, peer problems and fewer prosocial behaviours. Children with ADHD and RAD/DAD had higher levels of hyperactivity and conduct problems. Overall, ASD and ADHD networks were highly correlated (rs = 0.82), and we did not observe a statistically significant difference in terms of global Strength.


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