Diet, Physical Activity, and Sleep Habits

BACKGROUND The method considered the gold standard for recording sleep is a polysomnography, where the measurement is performed in a hospital environment for 1-3 nights. This requires subjects to sleep with a device and several sensors attached to their face, scalp, and body, which is both cumbersome and expensive. For longer studies with actigraphy, 3-14 days of data collection is typically used for both clinical and research studies. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this paper is to investigate if the aforementioned timespan is sufficient for data collection, when performing sleep measurements at home using wearable and non-wearable sensors. Specifically, whether 3-14 days of data collection sufficient to capture an individual’s sleep habits and fluctuations in sleep patterns in a reliable way for research purposes. Our secondary goals are to investigate whether there is a relationship between sleep quality, physical activity, and heart rate, and whether individuals who exhibit similar activity and sleep patterns in general and in relation to seasonality can be clustered together. METHODS Data on sleep, physical activity, and heart rate was collected over a period of 6 months from 54 individuals in Denmark aged 52-86 years. The Withings Aura sleep tracker (non-wearable) and Withings Steel HR smartwatch (wearable) were used. At the individual level, we investigated the consistency of various physical activities and sleep metrics over different time spans to illustrate how sensor data from self-trackers can be used to illuminate trends. RESULTS Significant variability in standard metrics of sleep quality was found between different periods throughout the study. We show specifically that in order to get more robust individual assessment of sleep and physical activity patterns through wearable and non-wearable devices, a longer evaluation period than 3-14 days is necessary. Additionally, we found seasonal patterns in sleep data related to changing of the clock for Daylight Saving Time (DST). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that over two months worth of self-tracking data is needed to provide a representative summary of daily activity and sleep patterns. By doing so, we challenge the current standard of 3-14 days for sleep quality assessment and call for rethinking standards when collecting data for research purposes. Seasonal patterns and DST clock change are also important aspects that need to be taken into consideration, and designed for, when choosing a period for collecting data. Furthermore, we suggest using consumer-grade self-trackers (wearable and non-wearable ones) to support longer term evaluations of sleep and physical activity for research purposes and, possibly, clinical ones in the future.

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Profiling Physical Activity, Diet, Screen and Sleep Habits in Portuguese Children

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu7064345 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 4345-4362 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sara Pereira ◽

Peter Katzmarzyk ◽

Thayse Gomes ◽

Alessandra Borges ◽

Daniel Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Habits

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Associations between Parent–Child Nature Visits and Sleep, Physical Activity and Weight Status among Finnish 3–6-Year-Olds

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12426

Author(s):

Juuli-Mari Kokkonen ◽

Henna Vepsäläinen ◽

Anna Abdollahi ◽

Hanna Paasio ◽

Samuli Ranta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Status ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Night Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children’S Sleep ◽

Parent Child

Nature visits and nature exposure have been shown to be favorably associated with children’s health and development, but the research regarding their associations with Children’s lifestyle habits is limited. The current study aimed to investigate the associations between the frequency of parent–child nature visits and sleep, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and weight status among three- to six-year-old Finnish preschoolers. Parents and their children (n = 864) participated in a cross-sectional DAGIS (increased health and wellbeing in preschools) study, which was conducted between 2015 and 2016 in Finland. In total, 798 parents answered a questionnaire on the frequency of parent–child nature visits, which also included questions on sociodemographic factors and their Children’s sleep habits. Parents also reported Children’s bedtimes and wake-up times and children wore an accelerometer for seven days. Trained researchers measured Children’s weight and height. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. More frequent parent–child nature visits were associated with Children’s longer sleep duration at night, higher amounts of MVPA outside preschool time and, among girls, good sleep consistency. The frequency of parent–child nature visits was not significantly associated with whether children were overweight or obese or not. Promoting parent–child nature visits could be a cost-effective way to increase young Children’s MVPA and enhance night-time sleep.

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Sleep habits, food intake, and physical activity levels in normal and overweight and obese Malaysian children

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.orcp.2012.12.001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e70-e78 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Somayyeh Firouzi ◽

Bee Koon Poh ◽

Mohd Noor Ismail ◽

Aidin Sadeghilar

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Food Intake ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Physical Activity Levels

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Abstract P546: Social Jetlag is Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male But Not Female Adolescents

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Simon Higgins ◽

Lee Stoner ◽

Alex Lubransky ◽

Anna Howe ◽

Jyh Eiin Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Related Factors ◽

Related Data ◽

Social Jetlag ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been highlighted by the AHA as a vital sign that can significantly improve risk classification for adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. While many lifestyle-related factors are known to influence CRF, including physical activity and sedentary behaviors, few have examined the relationship between sleep characteristics and CRF. Social jetlag (SJL), a characteristic of sleep habits that is particularly prevalent in adolescents, is a mismatch between an individual’s circadian clock and sleep schedule. SJL has been associated with adiposity and increased cardiometabolic risk, independent of sleep duration and quality, but has not been associated with CRF. Objective: To quantify the relationship between SJL and CRF, independent of other sleep characteristics. Methods: CRF, anthropometric, and lifestyle-related data were collected from 276 adolescents in Otago, New Zealand (14-18 years, n=145 [52.5%] female). CRF was expressed as VO 2max (ml/kg/min) relative to body weight, estimated from a 20-meter multi-stage shuttle run. Lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity and the number of screens in the bedroom were quantified via an online lifestyle survey. Sleep variables including average sleep duration, sleep disturbances (trouble falling and staying asleep), and SJL were collected using the validated Sleep Habits Survey for Adolescents. SJL was measured as the difference in hours between the midpoint of sleep during week (school) days and on weekend (free) days. Linear regression assessed the association between each sleep outcome and CRF, controlling for (1) age, sex, school decile, fat mass, and the number of screens in the bedroom, and (2) moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Stratified analyses examined sex-specific relationships. Results: Mean (SD) VO 2max was greater in males than females (48.47 [7.12] vs. 43.34 [5.62] ml/kg/min, p<.001). Sleep characteristics included a longer average sleep duration (9.48 [.92] vs. 9.19 [1.12] hours, p=.017), a greater occurrence of sleep disturbances (p=.001), and a lower SJL (1.67 [.08] vs. 2.09 [1.12] hours, p=.003) in females relative to their male peers. Multivariate analyses indicated that a one-hour increase in SJL was associated with a .71 ml/kg/min decrease in VO 2max (95% CI: -1.30, -.11), independent of other sleep variables, which were not associated with CRF. Sex-specific models further indicated an association in males (b=-.93, 95% CI: -1.78, -.08), but an inconclusive association for females (b=-.29, 95% CI: -1.15, .57). Conclusions: SJL is negatively associated with CRF, with a more conclusive association in adolescent males, and may be a simple, measurable target for future public health interventions.

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Diet, Physical Activity, and Sleep Habits of Mothers of Preschoolers

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.068 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 115 (9) ◽

pp. A22

Author(s):

J. Martin-Biggers ◽

J. Worobey ◽

C. Byrd-Bredbenner

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Habits

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Bidirectional Associations between Physical Activity and Sleep in Early-Elementary-Age Latino Children with Obesity

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports9020026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Justin J. Merrigan ◽

Kristina M. Volgenau ◽

Allison McKay ◽

Robyn Mehlenbeck ◽

Margaret T. Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽

Low Income ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Latino Children ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Bidirectional Associations

Low-income Latino children are at high risk for obesity and associated comorbidities. Considering the health benefits of proper sleep habits and physical activity, understanding the patterns, or the relationship between these modifiable factors may help guide intervention strategies to improve overall health in this population. Thus, the purpose was to investigate bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep among Latino children who are overweight/obese. Twenty-three children (boys, 70%; overweight, 17%; obese, 83%) (age 7.9 ± 1.4 years) wore activity monitors on their wrist for 6 consecutive days (comprising 138 total observations). Hierarchical linear modeling evaluated temporal associations between physical activity (light physical activity, LPA; moderate to vigorous activity, MVPA) and sleep (duration and efficiency). Although there was no association between MVPA and sleep (p > 0.05), daytime LPA was negatively associated with sleep duration that night (estimate ± SE = −10.77 ± 5.26; p = 0.04), and nighttime sleep efficiency was positively associated with LPA the next day (estimate ± SE = 13.29 ± 6.16; p = 0.03). In conclusion, increased LPA may decrease sleep duration that night, but increasing sleep efficiency may increase LPA the following day. Although further investigation is required, these results suggest that improving sleep efficiency may increase the level of physical activity reached among Latino children who are overweight/obese.

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The relationship between sleep habits, lifestyle factors, and achieving guideline-recommended physical activity levels in ten-to-fourteen-year-old Japanese children: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0242517

Author(s):

Takumi Aoki ◽

Kazuhiko Fukuda ◽

Chiaki Tanaka ◽

Yasuko Kamikawa ◽

Nobuhiro Tsuji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Eighth Grade ◽

Physical Activity Guideline ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Japanese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines

The current focus of meeting the physical activity guidelines for children and young people include preventing conditions such as high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, low bone density, depression, and injuries. However, the relationship between sleep habits and meeting physical activity guidelines is still unclear. This study aimed to assess this relationship among fifth- to eighth-grade (ages 10–14) Japanese children. This cross-sectional study included 3,123 children (boys: 1,558, girls: 1,565, mean age: 12.5 ± 1.2 years). Questionnaires were used to assess parameters such as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, school and weekend night sleep durations, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, napping, screen time, and breakfast intake. Participants were divided into an achievement and a non-achievement group depending on their physical activity guideline achievement status (i.e., whether they met the children’s physical activity guideline of 60 min or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day). Then, to determine the sleep habits in relation to the children’s achievement of guideline-recommended physical activity levels, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. In fifth- and sixth-grade (ages 10–12) boys, an inverse association was observed between physical activity guideline achievement and daytime sleepiness. In seventh- and eighth-grade (ages 12–14) boys, physical activity guideline achievement was inversely associated with social jetlag and skipping breakfast. Additionally, in seventh- and eighth-grade girls, physical activity guideline achievement was inversely associated with inappropriate sleep duration on weekends and screen time. These results suggest that meeting the physical activity guideline is related to favorable sleep habits in Japanese children. However, their relevance may differ by school type and gender.

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Hubungan Obesitas dengan Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Genetik, Asupan Makanan dan Kebiasaan di Dusun Bangkan

Indonesian Journal of Health ◽

10.33368/inajoh.v2i1.38 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-67

Author(s):

Eka Risdayani ◽

Armanto Makmun

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Family History ◽

Fast Food ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Sugary Drinks ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Obesity ◽

The Relationship

Background: Obesity is a condition of excess fat accumulation in the body's adipose tissue which can be influenced by physical activity, food intake, genetic factors, sleep habits, age and gender. The incidence rate in Indonesia tends to increase as seen from the Riskesdas 2007, 2013 and 2018 data, namely 10.5%, 14.8%, and 21.8%. Objective: To determine the relationship between obesity and age, gender, level of physical activity, eating habits, genetics and sleep duration. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire. The research sample is a sample with overweight and obesity obtained a sample of 80 samples. The data analysis was conducted, namely univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Results: 36.3% of respondents are overweight and 63.8% obese. Most of the respondents were> 18 years old. The results showed that obesity was significantly associated with age (p = 0.016), gender (p = 0.010), physical activity (p = 0.025), frequency of eating (p = 0.015), frequency of heavy eating (p = 0.040), drinking- sugary drinks (0.025), fast food (p = 0.025) daily portions of food (p = 0.025) and a family history of obesity (p = 0.007). Conversely, consumption of snacks (p = 0.731), consumption of fibrous foods (p = 0.089), the relationship between breakfast (p = 0.776), the relationship between sleep time (p = 0.243). Conclusion: Age, gender, physical activity, frequency of eating, frequency of heavy eating, drinking sugary drinks, consumption of fast food, daily food portions and a family history of obesity have a significant relationship which can be a contributing factor to obesity

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Abstract P347: Association Between Sleep Patterns and the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 Among Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nour Makarem ◽

Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽

Ming Liao ◽

Brooke Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Regression Models ◽

American Heart ◽

Low Risk ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Component Scores ◽

Good Sleep

Introduction: The American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 (AHA LS7) is a measure of cardiovascular health that evaluates seven lifestyle behaviors and clinical risk factors to track the population’s progress towards the AHA 2020 strategic goals. Sleep is an emerging lifestyle risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is not currently included in the AHA LS7. Our aim was to assess the relation of sleep with the AHA LS7 within a diverse sample of women. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a longer sleep duration, good sleep quality, low risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and absence of insomnia and snoring would be associated with a higher global AHA LS7 score and its component scores, as measures of compliance to overall and individual AHA LS7 guidelines. Methods: Baseline data from the AHA Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network cohort at Columbia University Medical Center, an ongoing prospective study, were examined (n=323, >50% minority/Hispanic, mean age: 39y, range: 20-76y). Sleep was self-reported using validated questionnaires. A standardized scoring system was used to compute the global AHA LS7 score using criteria for smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Women received a score of 2 (optimal), 1 (average), or 0 (poor) based on their compliance with each AHA LS7 guideline. The seven component scores were summed to create the global AHA LS7 score. T-tests, Fischer’s exact test and multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to evaluate associations between sleep and the global AHA LS7 score and its components. Results: The median global AHA LS7 score was 10; 31.3%, 33.3% and 35.3% of women had a score of 0-8 (poor), 9-10 (average), and 11-14 (optimal), respectively. Participants with sleep duration ≥7 hours, lack of insomnia and snoring, and low risk for OSA were more likely to meet ≥4 of the AHA LS7 metrics (p≤0.04). Those with sleep duration ≥7 hours, good sleep quality, no insomnia and snoring, and at low risk of OSA were more likely to meet the AHA LS7 optimal guideline for physical activity, BMI, BP, glucose, and cholesterol (p≤0.04). In multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, a lower global AHA LS7 score was associated with a higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, indicative of poorer sleep quality (β=-0.08, p=0.019), higher insomnia severity index (β=-0.05, p=0.027), and higher risk for OSA (β=-0.84, p=0.016). Conclusions: In this cohort of women, better sleep habits were associated with meeting the AHA LS7 guidelines. Our results warrant confirmation in larger prospective studies and within other population groups, but nonetheless highlight the potential importance of screening for sleep habits in conjunction with other lifestyle behaviors to identify those at risk of cardiovascular disease.

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