Bidirectional Associations between Physical Activity and Sleep in Early-Elementary-Age Latino Children with Obesity

Low-income Latino children are at high risk for obesity and associated comorbidities. Considering the health benefits of proper sleep habits and physical activity, understanding the patterns, or the relationship between these modifiable factors may help guide intervention strategies to improve overall health in this population. Thus, the purpose was to investigate bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep among Latino children who are overweight/obese. Twenty-three children (boys, 70%; overweight, 17%; obese, 83%) (age 7.9 ± 1.4 years) wore activity monitors on their wrist for 6 consecutive days (comprising 138 total observations). Hierarchical linear modeling evaluated temporal associations between physical activity (light physical activity, LPA; moderate to vigorous activity, MVPA) and sleep (duration and efficiency). Although there was no association between MVPA and sleep (p > 0.05), daytime LPA was negatively associated with sleep duration that night (estimate ± SE = −10.77 ± 5.26; p = 0.04), and nighttime sleep efficiency was positively associated with LPA the next day (estimate ± SE = 13.29 ± 6.16; p = 0.03). In conclusion, increased LPA may decrease sleep duration that night, but increasing sleep efficiency may increase LPA the following day. Although further investigation is required, these results suggest that improving sleep efficiency may increase the level of physical activity reached among Latino children who are overweight/obese.

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Bidirectional Associations between Objective Physical Activity and Sleep Patterns in Spanish School Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17030710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 710 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Manuel Ávila-García ◽

Pedro Femia-Marzo ◽

Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado ◽

Pablo Tercedor

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Related Factors ◽

Average Value ◽

Bidirectional Association ◽

Health Related ◽

Bidirectional Associations

Physical activity (PA) and sleep contribute to better children’s health. Nonetheless, the bidirectional relationship between both of these health-related factors is unclear when using objective measures. The aims of this study were (1) to describe the PA (light PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sleep (duration, latency, and efficiency) patterns of children and compare them with recommendations, and (2) to analyze the bidirectional association between PA levels and sleep patterns in 470 Spanish children according to sex (average age of 8.4 (0.4) years, 51.9% boys). A tri-axial accelerometer and sleep logs were used to measure PA (light PA and MVPA) and sleep patterns (duration, latency, and efficiency) in the children for seven consecutive days. Linear mixed models were conducted to analyze the bidirectional association (PA → sleep and sleep → PA) adjusted for the child, the sex, the school, and the day of observation. The results showed that, overall, the children did not meet the sleep duration recommendations per day. Regarding the bidirectional association, increased light PA and MVPA during the day was related to decreased sleep duration but an improvement in sleep efficiency that night. However, sleep duration and sleep efficiency were only related negatively and positively to light PA the following day, respectively. Regarding sex, light PA was associated with decreased sleep duration in both sexes, although the average value was lower in boys. In addition, light PA was also related only to an improvement in sleep efficiency the same night in both sexes, with girls generally having more efficient sleep. More studies in a representative sample of children that use objective measures to corroborate these results are needed.

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Abstract P200: Effects Of A 2-year Randomized Controlled Trial Physical Activity Intervention On Accelerometer-measured Sleep Characteristics Among Older Adults In Senior Center Communities

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kelsie M Full ◽

Katie Crist ◽

Marta Jankowska ◽

Pamela L Lutsey ◽

Loki Natarajan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Low Income ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Control Group ◽

Senior Center ◽

Intervention Effect

Background: Targeting daily increases in physical activity (PA) is a common lifestyle strategy for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. While less targeted in lifestyle interventions, poor sleep is also consistently linked to CVD. Emerging evidence connects changes in daily PA to beneficial changes in sleep; however, little is known about the impact of community-based PA interventions on habitual sleep among older adults. We leveraged accelerometer data from the Peer Empowerment Program for Physical Activity in Low Income & Minority Seniors (PEP4PA) randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of a PA intervention on accelerometer-measured sleep characteristics among older adults in low income and diverse senior center communities. Methods: PEP4PA participants (N=476; mean age=71.0 ± 9 years, 75% female, 60% low income, 36% non-white) were recruited from senior centers and randomized to a healthy control condition(n=209) or a peer-lead walking intervention (N=267). The peer-led PA intervention included self-monitoring techniques, health coach counseling, group walks, and community advocacy to improve walking conditions. Participants wore Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the wrist at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Data were processed for sleep characteristics including weekly average sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Mixed effects regression models provided estimates of the intervention effect on sleep characteristics at each time point. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and race. Three way interaction terms (time*treatment*sleep duration status) were used to assess differential intervention effects by short (<7) and long (>8 hours) sleep duration status at baseline. Results: At baseline, the average sleep duration of participants was 7 hours (SD: 1.07 hours) and the average sleep efficiency was 87.0% (SD: 6.2%). Compared to participants in the control group, participants in the intervention group had shorter sleep durations (7.1 hours vs 7.0 hours; p value: 0.08) and poorer sleep efficiency 86.0% vs 88.2%; p<0.001) at baseline. At 12 or 24-months, there was no intervention effect on participants’ average sleep duration or efficiency. Although not significant, at 6 months, long sleepers in the intervention group experienced an average 6-minute reduction in sleep duration (-B: 6.25, p=0.45) compared to those in the control group. Conclusions: Over the 2-year period, the PA intervention did not appear to have an impact on participants’ average sleep duration or quality. More investigation is needed into the temporal and daily relations of PA and sleep among older adults in interventions to understand if increases in daily PA are associated with better sleep characteristics at night.

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Sedentary behavior moderates the relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk in young Latino children

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibab046 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jamil A Malik ◽

Jennifer Coto ◽

Elizabeth R Pulgaron ◽

Amber Daigre ◽

Janine E Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Low Income ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Latino Children

Abstract This study investigated the role of objectively measured moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic risk factors of young Latino children. We hypothesized that MVPA would be associated with lower cardiometabolic risk when sedentary behavior is low. We studied 86 primarily low-income, Latino children using a cross-sectional study design. The study sample consisted of 51 girls and 35 boys, with mean age 5.6 (SD = .53) years. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, anthropometric measures obtained, and fasting blood samples were used to measure cardiometabolic risk factors. Greater levels of sedentary behavior were associated with increased waist circumference (rs = .24, p < .05) and metabolic risks. MVPA, however, had significant beneficial associations with all cardiometabolic risk factors (rs-range = −.20 to −.45, p < .05) with the exception of plasma insulin. MVPA predicted latent variables representing anthropometric risk (β = −.57, p < .01), cardiac risk (β = −.74, p < .01), and metabolic risk (β = −.88, p < .01). Sedentary behavior significantly moderated the effect of MVPA on anthropometric (β-interaction = .49, p < .01), cardiac (β-interaction = .45, p < .01), and metabolic risk (β-interaction = .77, p < .01), such that more MVPA was associated with better health outcomes under conditions of lower sedentary behavior. The model explained 13%, 22%, and 45% variance in anthropometric, cardiac, and metabolic risk factors, respectively. Increased MVPA is associated with decreased cardiometabolic risk in young Latino children, particularly when sedentary behavior is low.

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Nutrition Education Among Low-Income Older Adults: A Randomized Intervention Trial in Congregate Nutrition Sites

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198105276212 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 374-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Roger E. Mitchell ◽

Sarah L. Ash ◽

Jacquelyn W. McClelland

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽

Low Income ◽

Limited Resource ◽

Well Being ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Randomized Intervention ◽

And Control

Nutritional well-being among older adults is critical for maintaining health, increasing longevity, and decreasingthe impactofchronicillness. However, few well-controlledstudies have examinednutritionalbehav ior change among low-income older adults. A prospective, controlled, randomized design examined a fivesession nutrition education module delivered to limited-resource older adults ( N = 703) in Congregate Nutrition sites by Cooperative Extensionagents. Experimentalgroupparticipantswere significantly more likely than con trol groupparticipants to increase multivitamin use, to increase calcium supplementuse, to read labels of dietary supplements, to carry a supplement and/or medication list, and to discuss such use with their health care profes sional. The study addresses weaknesses in the literature by using a theoretically derived education component, implementing the intervention within a setting regularly used by low-income older adults, employing random ized assignment to intervention and control conditions, and using hierarchical linear modeling to deal with “nested” data.

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0234 Sleep Timing and Duration Predict Levels of Repetitive Negative Thinking the Following Day

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A90-A90

Author(s):

E Stewart ◽

C Acenowr ◽

M Coles

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Daily Monitoring ◽

Negative Thinking ◽

Sleep Timing ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Introduction Several forms of psychopathology characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are also associated with problems in sleep timing and sleep duration (Morin & Ware, 1996). These relations have been documented in cross-sectional studies but only a few studies have investigated this relation using a prospective design. This study aimed to: (1) replicate cross-sectional findings linking sleep duration and sleep timing to RNT and (2) use prospective longitudinal methods to extend previous research regarding this relation. Methods Participants (N = 127) were undergraduates who completed daily measures of sleep, mood, and RNT for 18 days. Participants mean age was 19.31(SD = 1.41) and 49% were male, and 60% were Caucasian. Measures included the Perseverative Thoughts Questionnaire, the Sleep-50, and a Daily Monitoring Questionnaire (DMQ) comprised of items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results Insomnia severity and circadian disruption severity was correlated with RNT, and these relations remained significant after statistically controlling for the influence of negative affect (Insomnia: r(123)=.22, p=.01; Circadian: r(123)=.21, p=.02). When looking longitudinally within person Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) revealed later bedtimes (t(125) = 2.01, p = .05) and shorter sleep durations (t(125) = -3.17, p = .002) were predictors of heightened RNT the next day, even after statistically controlling for negative affect (RNTij=π oj+π 1j(RNT_lag) + π 2j(bedtime_lag/hours slept_lag) + π 3j(mood_lag) + eij). RNT did not predict sleep variables when running the reverse of these models, yet negative affect emerged as a significant predictor of sleep timing (t(125) = 2.41, p = .02) and sleep duration (t(125)= -2.44, p=.02), indicating that mood, not RNT, may influence bedtimes and hours slept. Conclusion Results indicate that bedtime and sleep duration may be contributors to RNT, and that sleep disruptions may precede the onset of RNT. If future studies replicate the current study’s findings, then sleep variables may serve as an important area of intervention and prevention of excessive RNT. Support N/A

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Academic Vocabulary Learning in First Through Third Grade in Low-Income Schools: Effects of Automated Supplemental Instruction

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0100 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 3237-3258 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Howard Goldstein ◽

Robyn A. Ziolkowski ◽

Kathryn E. Bojczyk ◽

Ana Marty ◽

Naomi Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽

Word Learning ◽

Low Income ◽

Vocabulary Instruction ◽

Vocabulary Knowledge ◽

Academic Vocabulary ◽

High Poverty ◽

High Poverty Schools ◽

Linear Modeling

PurposeThis study investigated cumulative effects of language learning, specifically whether prior vocabulary knowledge or special education status moderated the effects of academic vocabulary instruction in high-poverty schools.MethodEffects of a supplemental intervention targeting academic vocabulary in first through third grades were evaluated with 241 students (6–9 years old) from low-income families, 48% of whom were retained for the 3-year study duration. Students were randomly assigned to vocabulary instruction or comparison groups.ResultsCurriculum-based measures of word recognition, receptive identification, expressive labeling, and decontextualized definitions showed large effects for multiple levels of word learning. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that students with higher initial Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition scores (Dunn & Dunn, 2007) demonstrated greater word learning, whereas students with special needs demonstrated less growth in vocabulary.ConclusionThis model of vocabulary instruction can be applied efficiently in high-poverty schools through an automated, easily implemented adjunct to reading instruction in the early grades and holds promise for reducing gaps in vocabulary development.

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Abstract P546: Social Jetlag is Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male But Not Female Adolescents

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Simon Higgins ◽

Lee Stoner ◽

Alex Lubransky ◽

Anna Howe ◽

Jyh Eiin Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Related Factors ◽

Related Data ◽

Social Jetlag ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been highlighted by the AHA as a vital sign that can significantly improve risk classification for adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. While many lifestyle-related factors are known to influence CRF, including physical activity and sedentary behaviors, few have examined the relationship between sleep characteristics and CRF. Social jetlag (SJL), a characteristic of sleep habits that is particularly prevalent in adolescents, is a mismatch between an individual’s circadian clock and sleep schedule. SJL has been associated with adiposity and increased cardiometabolic risk, independent of sleep duration and quality, but has not been associated with CRF. Objective: To quantify the relationship between SJL and CRF, independent of other sleep characteristics. Methods: CRF, anthropometric, and lifestyle-related data were collected from 276 adolescents in Otago, New Zealand (14-18 years, n=145 [52.5%] female). CRF was expressed as VO 2max (ml/kg/min) relative to body weight, estimated from a 20-meter multi-stage shuttle run. Lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity and the number of screens in the bedroom were quantified via an online lifestyle survey. Sleep variables including average sleep duration, sleep disturbances (trouble falling and staying asleep), and SJL were collected using the validated Sleep Habits Survey for Adolescents. SJL was measured as the difference in hours between the midpoint of sleep during week (school) days and on weekend (free) days. Linear regression assessed the association between each sleep outcome and CRF, controlling for (1) age, sex, school decile, fat mass, and the number of screens in the bedroom, and (2) moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Stratified analyses examined sex-specific relationships. Results: Mean (SD) VO 2max was greater in males than females (48.47 [7.12] vs. 43.34 [5.62] ml/kg/min, p<.001). Sleep characteristics included a longer average sleep duration (9.48 [.92] vs. 9.19 [1.12] hours, p=.017), a greater occurrence of sleep disturbances (p=.001), and a lower SJL (1.67 [.08] vs. 2.09 [1.12] hours, p=.003) in females relative to their male peers. Multivariate analyses indicated that a one-hour increase in SJL was associated with a .71 ml/kg/min decrease in VO 2max (95% CI: -1.30, -.11), independent of other sleep variables, which were not associated with CRF. Sex-specific models further indicated an association in males (b=-.93, 95% CI: -1.78, -.08), but an inconclusive association for females (b=-.29, 95% CI: -1.15, .57). Conclusions: SJL is negatively associated with CRF, with a more conclusive association in adolescent males, and may be a simple, measurable target for future public health interventions.

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Teaching healthy behaviour knowledge in primary school physical education

Biomedical Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/bhk-2014-0006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael Hodges ◽

Pamela Hodges Kulinna ◽

Chong Lee

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Education ◽

Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

Control Groups ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

And Control ◽

Healthy Behaviour

Summary Study aim: To determine the effectiveness of a newly designed series of fitness segments that can be used to provide healthy behaviour knowledge (HBK) for 5th grade Physical Education classes. Material and methods: 641 pupils from six intervention (n = 401) and five control (n = 240) schools were used. The intervention schools received a five-week intervention of 12-minute fitness segments for each class period. A cognitive test that has been shown to produce valid and reliable scores (28-questions) was used to assess pupils’ HBK at pre – and post – examination. Pedometers were also used to examine physical activity levels differences. Hierarchical Linear Modeling using a two-level multilevel model was used to investigate mean changes in HBK between intervention and control groups. Results: Pupils in the intervention classes had 0.8-unit greater mean improvements in HBK than did control pupils (p < 0.05). Girls also had greater mean changes in HBK than did boys (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between intervention and control groups in physical activity levels. Conclusion: This type of fitness segment can be one strategy used by teachers to aid the instruction of HBK without decreasing physical activity participation in classes.

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181 Sleep health concordance among socioeconomically disadvantaged caregiver-child dyads

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A73-A74

Author(s):

Lauren Covington ◽

Benjamin Brewer ◽

Rachel Blair ◽

Elissa Hoopes ◽

Jean-Philippe Laurenceau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Family System ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Individual Level ◽

Wake Time ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Objectively Measured

Abstract Introduction Child and caregiver sleep typically occurs within a family system. Disadvantaged families experience disproportionately poorer sleep health than more advantaged families. The extent to which objectively measured sleep health metrics (e.g. duration, timing, regularity, efficiency) are concordant within disadvantaged family systems, such as caregiver-child dyads, is not clear. To address this gap, this study aimed to: (1) characterize sleep health metrics, and (2) identify levels of sleep health concordance among disadvantaged caregiver-child dyads. Methods 23 disadvantaged dyads were recruited from Philadelphia and Delaware communities. Dyads were eligible if the child was between 6-14 years, slept in the same house as the caregiver at least four nights/week, had no diagnosis of a sleep disorder or use of sleep medication, and qualified for federally funded food assistance programs (e.g., food stamps, WIC or SNAP benefits). Sleep health of the dyads was objectively measured for 7-14 days. Sleep metrics used to characterize the sample were: nighttime sleep duration (hours), time-to-bed, sleep regularity (standard deviation of sleep duration), sleep midpoint (halfway point between sleep onset and wake time) and efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep versus awake). Concordance in sleep health metrics within dyads was calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the average sleep metrics over the monitoring period. Results Children (46.2% female) slept, on average, 7.96 hours per night, with 1.25 hours of nightly sleep variability, bedtime of 10:47 PM, sleep midpoint of 2:56 AM, and sleep efficiency of 83.55%. Caregivers (mean age = 40.5 years, 85.0% female) slept, on average, 6.92 hours per night, with 1.22 hours of nightly sleep variability, bedtime of 11:24 PM, sleep midpoint of 3:04 AM, and sleep efficiency of 76.29%. Bedtime (r = 0.19, p < 0.001), sleep midpoint (r = 0.39, p < 0.001), and sleep efficiency (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) were significantly concordant among caregiver-child dyads. Conclusion Given their level of concordance, bedtime, sleep midpoint and efficiency are modifiable factors of sleep health in disadvantaged dyads that could be targeted using family versus individual level interventions. Support (if any) University of Delaware General University Research Grant and School of Nursing SEED funding.

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The association of actigraphic sleep measures and physical activity with excess weight and adiposity in kindergarteners

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82101-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Piotr Matłosz ◽

Agnieszka Szybisty ◽

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

Artur Mazur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Excess Adiposity ◽

Sleep Parameters ◽

Steps Per Day ◽

Objectively Measured

AbstractInsufficient sleep duration and physical activity (PA) are known risk factors for overweight and obesity in children; however, there are no studies on comprehensive associations of objectively-measured sleep parameters and PA with excess weight and excess adiposity in kindergarteners. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the associations between objectively measured sleep parameters and PA with excess weight and excess adiposity, defined as BMI ≥ 85th percentile and body fat percentage (BFP) ≥ 85th percentile, respectively. Sleep parameters and PA were measured in 676 subjects aged 5–6 years using accelerometers for 7 days, worn at the participant’s hip. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate BFP. In the total sample, lower sleep duration, sleep efficiency, vigorous PA and the number of steps per day were associated with excess weight. However, excess adiposity was associated with lower sleep duration, total PA, vigorous PA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the number of steps per day. Logistic regression by the stepwise progressive method showed that the strongest predictor of excess adiposity in boys and girls was vigorous PA, while the strongest predictor of excess weight in boys was sleep efficiency. A holistic approach to health targeting all of these factors synergistically is needed to optimize the effectiveness of obesity prevention and treatment interventions.

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