scholarly journals HIKMAH DIBALIK KAEDAH DUA BANDING SATU PADA HUKUM WARISAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Nurhadi Nurhadi

The principle of balanced justice in Islamic inheritance law dictates that men and women are equally entitled to appear as heirs, with different forms. Based on the qath'i text, the just and balanced means in the Islamic inheritance law is that the male portion is equal to the share of two women (2: 1 for male and female). The difference in costs is not due to gender issues, but rather the differences in duties and responsibilities imposed on men are greater than those imposed on women in the context of Islamic society, according to conventional standard theory which states: "The greater and heavier the burden is men, the greater the rights that will be obtained ", due to the costs that must be incurred to carry out greater responsibilities.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Afidah Wahyuni

Abstract:The inheritance system in Islam reaps several differences of opinion, especially when faced with the values of religious humanism such as the value of brotherhood, freedom and equality. Differences of opinion are more visible in the concept of inheritance between men and women, 2: 1. However, in terms of humanism, justice cannot be separated from human life. Whereas Islam itself has its own meaning about justice; that fair does not always have to be the same. Therefore, the concept of 2: 1 between male and female heirs in Islamic law is not a form of injustice. This is due to the factors behind the development. One of them is the difference in the roles of men and women in family life. Where women get a living, while getting inheritance rights. Whereas men get inheritance rights, but still have to support the women who are in their dependents.Keywords: Inheritance Law, Inheritance Humanism, Islamic Law Abstrak:Sistem waris dalam Islam memang menuai beberapa perbedaan pendapat, apalagi bila dihadapkan pada nilai-nilai humanisme religius seperti nilai persaudaraan, kebebasan, dan persamaan. Perbedaan pendapat lebih terlihat pada konsep pembagian waris antara laki-laki dan perempuan, 2:1. Namun demikian, dalam paham humanisme, keadilan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Sedangkan Islam sendiri memiliki makna tersendiri tentang keadilan; bahwa adil tidak selalu harus sama. Oleh karena itu, konsep 2:1 antara ahli waris laki-laki dan perempuan dalam syariat Islam, bukan suatu bentuk ketidakadilan. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya faktor yang melatarbelakangi pembangian tersebut. Salah satunya ialah perbedaan peran laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kehidupan keluarga. Dimana perempuan mendapat nafkah, sekaligus mendapat hak warisan. Sedangkan laki-laki mendapat hak warisan, namun masih harus menafkahi kaum perempuan yang berada di dalam tanggungannya.Kata Kunci: hukum waris, humanisme waris, hukum Islam


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Qi ◽  
Qingyuan Meng ◽  
Zhiwen You ◽  
Huiqian Chen ◽  
Yi Shou ◽  
...  

Abstract PurposeTo establish the standardized uptake value (SUV) of Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) for normal vertebra in both Chinese male and female by using a SPECT/CT scanner.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out involving 116 men and 105 women who underwent SPECT/CT scan using 99mTc-MDP. We acquired the SUV, CT value of 2416 normal vertebra in total and analyzed the difference of SUV between men and women. We analyzed the vertebra data with no significant difference of SUVmax in male and female group. The correlations between SUVmax value and CT value, age, height, weight in each group were also analyzed.ResultsThe SUVmax, SUVmean of vertebra in men were markedly higher than those in women(P < 0.0009). Specifically, for males, the SUVmax of C1, C2-4 and C5-L5 vertebra appeared to have significant differences(P < 0.05), while no significant difference of the SUVmax of C1-L5 vertebra were observed in females(P < 0.05). The SUVmax of each vertebral segment showed a strong negative correlation with CT values in both men and women(r=-0.89,-0.92;P < 0.0009). The SUVmax of vertebra showed weak significant correlation with weight and height in male (r = 0.4,P < 0.0009;r = 0.28,P = 0.005),and weak significant correlation with weight in females(r = 0.32,P = 0.009).ConclusionThis article study initially established SUVmax, SUVavgmean of normal vertebra in both Chinese men and women with a large sample population,and summarized the SUVmax of vertebra with no significant difference. The results could provide a quantitative reference for clinical diagnosis and the evaluation of therapeutic response in vertebral lesions.


1997 ◽  
Vol 1607 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul van Beek ◽  
Nelly Kalfs ◽  
Ursula Blom

As in many other countries, a growing number of women in the Netherlands are entering the labor market. The difference between male and female participation in paid work is decreasing, and more men are taking care of domestic duties. It is expected that these changes will lead to growing numbers of task combiners and to more similar patterns of travel behavior for men and women. The intention of the present research is to investigate these expectations for the situation in the Netherlands. For this goal two groups of time budget data for the period from 1975 to 1990 were analyzed. The focus was on gender differences in trends in time use and mobility. The results indicate that between 1975 and 1990, the distribution of paid work and domestic work by men and women changed, more men and women were performing combinations of obligatory tasks, gender differences in mobility became smaller, and car use, both for men and for women, depended heavily on the workload of an out-of-home paid job.


Ramus ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Dunn

Euripides' Ion has suffered from the attempt to find in the play an overriding message or moral. Verrall and his successors saw the Ion as an attack against Apollo and organized religion; Wassermann and Burnett argue that it defends orthodox piety; Grégoire and Loraux view it as a hymn or lament on Athenian national pride; and Knox and Gellie respond that the Ion is pure comedy with no deeper meaning. There is of course some truth to each of these interpretations, but it does not follow that the play's ‘real meaning’ lies somewhere in between them. I suggest that we read the Ion not as an abstract argument but as drama, and in particular as a social comedy whose ‘meaning’ lies not in an underlying message but in the action itself and in the conflicts among the play's characters, human and divine, male and female, foreign and Athenian.Such conflicts, in this play at least, focus attention upon the role of the gods, the place of foreigners in Athens, and relations between men and women. Of these three subjects, the first two have dominated discussion of the Ion, both by those who find them central to the play's religious or nationalistic theme, and by those who consider them incidental to the play as comedy. I shall first show that the third area of conflict — relations between men and women — is equally important in the Ion and reflects an important issue in contemporary Athens. Second, I shall argue that the gender issues raised somewhat provocatively in the first half of the play are upstaged by the melodramatic excitement of the second half. And I shall suggest, in conclusion, that although it is only one of many social and family conflicts in the drama, the battle between the sexes shows how the Ion raises important and difficult questions without becoming an ‘issue play’.


2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald U. Saculles

John Gray, in his book Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus, explored the differences in the behaviors and languages of men and women by means of his eponymous metaphor that men and women are from distinct planets and that each gender is acclimated to its own planet’s society and customs, but not to those of the other. This metaphor is anchored on the Difference Theory, popularized by Deborah Tannen, which examines the effect that gender has on language use. This study, therefore, is an attempt to explore differences in male and female language in English, Filipino, and Iloco. It seeks to determine the linguistic features that characterize the language of the two groups represented by 100 students from LORMA Colleges. These include language preference; linguistic borrowing; dynamics of code-switching; use of adjectives in English Filipino, and Iloco; and syntactic complexity. Language differences also cover topic preferences of men and women; topics considered not in good taste for conversation, taboo words and the euphemisms used to skirt them, the use of cathartic expressions, the use of cuss words, reasons for uttering cuss words, and the source of learning cuss words. Furthermore, this study also explores how men and women perceive each other’s language, and they’re own.


Author(s):  
Elvira V. Solodukhina ◽  

Relevance of the study. Researches of advertising and media are important components of social and cultural research, as it allows to take a critical look at gender images that exist not only in the media, but also in the public consciousness. We chose Nike for the study because of two reasons. First, they purposefully use a gender approach. The brand chooses its models based on what gender issues they can attract attention to. Secondly, Nike is the global brand that influences consumers in many countries, including Russia, setting not only fashion trends, but also lifestyle and values. Purpose. To demonstrate what gender images and standards the Nike brand uses to construct gender in the social network Instagram. Methodology. The research is based on the theory of social construction of gender, critical studies of advertising and the theory of postfeminism. Main methods: content analysis and comparative analysis. Research result. Analysis of the visual content of the Nike brand account in Instagram allowed us to draw the following conclusions: 1. Nike, like many clothing brands, on the one hand, demonstrates the binary of “male” and “female” in its media. They focus on “women's” as discriminated against by society and an issue that needs to be discussed. On the other hand, by making both men and women heroes and putting them in the context of “competition and victory”, Nike unites them and erases the gender boundaries. 2. The image of a man in Nike remains within the existing stereotypes, and the image of a woman shows the duality: on the one hand, she acquires masculine characteristics, on the other – she strives to preserve her femininity. This duality may be because the introduction of women into the masculine field (sport) deconstructs masculinity and turns masculine into universal. 3. The female audience feels the need for the new role models. If earlier in advertising there were two predominant types of women aimed at the female audience – the housewife and the beauty woman, now there is a third type – a feminist woman who claims for the previously male spheres. Nike, in their social networks, strive to meet the requirements of postfeminism in sports, where equality is embodied through the accessibility of all sports and the uniqueness of each gender through gender issues. 4. The gender of all brand characters is still built through two poles: male and female. Cisgender individuals have their own explicit gender characteristic in the brand, and a transgender man and woman with high testosterone levels, according to World Athletics, protect their right to be a “man” or a “woman”. This again leads to a discussion about the binary division of gender. Conclusions. In the context of the presence of men and women in the main brand account, a woman is positioned as an equal player to a man, but at the same time discriminated against. Women in this account, on the one hand are in the field of sports, heroism, leadership (the field of traditionally masculine characteristics), but on the other hand, should be focused on women's issues, and such a new issue is postfeminism, which constructs the new woman. In the context of a women's account, where you no longer need to compete with a man, the brand delves more into the topic of “femininity”. Feminism is also important here, but it is no longer necessary to reach so far for equality with men. Here you can see another facet of post-feminism-the emphasis on femininity as itself important and unique. This uniqueness can be expressed by women's sexuality and physicality. We assume that in the future, global brands such as Nike will continue to look for images for genders that go beyond the binary order. This may lead to an increase in gender-neutral collections, but the advantage, in our opinion, will remain, on the contrary, for the expansion and uniqueness of genders, since this gives a variety of examples for identification. This will primarily be influenced by public thought and values, especially the feminist and LGBT movements, as they set the gender agenda.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Isnina Isnina ◽  
Farid Wajdi

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe people's understanding of the distribution of inheritance according to Islamic inheritance law. This research uses a descriptive method. The population of this study were Muhammadiyah residents in Medan City with a sample of 274 respondents, but the return and complete for data processing amounted to 234 samples.Based on the results of the study concluded that all levels of education elementary, junior high, high school, diploma and S1 or S2 no respondents who have low levels of legal awareness both male and female. However, most of Muhammadiyah of Medan City only know that the division of inheritance in Islamic law has been arranged, but the technique of dividing inheritance in Islam most of society do not master well. This is because they do not have a basic knowledge of how the division of Islamic inheritance law.The practice of dividing the inheritance of Muhammadiyah citizens of Medan City is very diverse, some are using the Islamic law, using customary law, using the method of family deliberation, by giving men and women equally. not a few finish to the Court made. Keywords: Legal Awareness, Division Of Inheritance,  Islamic Law


Author(s):  
Claudia Truzzoli

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Ni el género ni la sexualidad se dejan encorsetar dentro de unas normas que informan cómo deben ser y actuar hombres y mujeres para ser reconocidos socialmente como normales. Tanto el género como el sexo son susceptibles de desbordamiento de dichos encuadres rígidos, porque tal desbordamiento responde a lo real vivenciado por cualquier hombre o mujer. Las normas son un constructo artificial que no responde a la auténtica identidad genérica y sexual de cada sujeto, que es mucho más compleja que el reduccionismo monolítico que quiere demarcar la diferencia entre masculino y femenino. Dicha separación tan tajante no puede explicar la coexistencia de ambas características en un mismo sujeto ni las pretensiones de los transgéneros de ser considerados con una identidad que desmiente su sexo biológico, ni la angustia de los transexuales convencidos de estar atrapados en un cuerpo equivocado.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong><br /> </strong>Neither gender nor sexuality is allowed to be curtailed within norms that inform how men and women should be and act to be socially recognized as normal. Both gender and sex are susceptible to overflowing of such rigid frames, because such an overflow responds to the real thing experienced by any man or woman. Norms are an artificial construct that does not respond to the authentic generic and sexual identity of each subject, which is much more complex than the monolithic reductionism that wants to demarcate the difference between male and female. Such a clear separation can not explain the coexistence of both characteristics in the same subject nor the claims of transgenders to be considered with an identity that belies their biological sex, nor the anguish of transsexuals convinced to be trapped in a wrong body.</p><div id="SLG_balloon_obj" style="display: block;"><div id="SLG_button" class="SLG_ImTranslatorLogo" style="background: url('chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/img/util/imtranslator-s.png'); display: none; opacity: 1;"> </div><div id="SLG_shadow_translation_result2" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="SLG_shadow_translator" style="display: none;"><div id="SLG_planshet" style="background: url('chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/img/util/bg2.png') #f4f5f5;"><div id="SLG_arrow_up" style="background: url('chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/img/util/up.png');"> </div><div id="SLG_providers" style="visibility: hidden;"><div id="SLG_P0" class="SLG_BL_LABLE_ON" title="Google">G</div><div id="SLG_P1" class="SLG_BL_LABLE_ON" title="Microsoft">M</div><div id="SLG_P2" class="SLG_BL_LABLE_ON" title="Translator">T</div></div><div id="SLG_alert_bbl"> </div><div id="SLG_TB"><div id="SLG_bubblelogo" class="SLG_ImTranslatorLogo" style="background: url('chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/img/util/imtranslator-s.png');"> </div><table id="SLG_tables" cellspacing="1"><tr><td class="SLG_td" align="right" width="10%"><input id="SLG_locer" title="Fijar idioma" type="checkbox" /></td><td class="SLG_td" align="left" width="20%"><select id="SLG_lng_from"><option value="auto">Detectar idioma</option><option value="">undefined</option></select></td><td class="SLG_td" align="center" width="3"> </td><td class="SLG_td" align="left" width="20%"><select id="SLG_lng_to"><option value="">undefined</option></select></td><td class="SLG_td" align="center" width="21%"> </td><td class="SLG_td" align="center" width="6%"> </td><td class="SLG_td" align="center" width="6%"> </td><td class="SLG_td" align="center" width="6%"> </td><td class="SLG_td" align="center" width="6%"> </td><td class="SLG_td" width="10%"> </td><td class="SLG_td" align="right" width="8%"> </td></tr></table></div></div><div id="SLG_shadow_translation_result" style="visibility: visible;"> </div><div id="SLG_loading" class="SLG_loading" style="background: url('chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/img/util/loading.gif');"> </div><div id="SLG_player2"> </div><div id="SLG_alert100">La función de sonido está limitada a 200 caracteres</div><div id="SLG_Balloon_options" style="background: url('chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/img/util/bg3.png') #ffffff;"><div id="SLG_arrow_down" style="background: url('chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/img/util/down.png');"> </div><table width="100%"><tr><td align="left" width="18%" height="16"> </td><td align="center" width="68%"><a class="SLG_options" title="Mostrar opciones" href="chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/html/options/options.html?bbl" target="_blank">Opciones</a> : <a class="SLG_options" title="Historial de traducciones" href="chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/html/options/options.html?hist" target="_blank">Historia</a> : <a class="SLG_options" title="ImTranslator Ayuda" href="http://about.imtranslator.net/tutorials/presentations/google-translate-for-opera/opera-popup-bubble/" target="_blank">Ayuda</a> : <a class="SLG_options" title="ImTranslator Feedback" href="chrome-extension://mchdgimobfnilobnllpdnompfjkkfdmi/content/html/options/options.html?feed" target="_blank">Feedback</a></td><td align="right" width="15%"><span id="SLG_Balloon_Close" title="Cerrar">Cerrar</span></td></tr></table></div></div></div>


Author(s):  
Hannelie Wood

I was a tenderfoot in feminist discourse when I started my research on patriarchy, feminism, and Mary Daly. In my thesis, one aspect I engaged was Daly’s battle with gender issues in Christian theology. From the beginning I was troubled by Mary Daly’s views on God, men, and women in her discourse on Christianity. Daly undoubtedly contributed to the discussion on gender issues in the Christian faith, but her focus on androcentrism and her interpretations of Scripture led her to abandon the Christian faith. Mary Daly has written extensively on patriarchy as it is found in religion – particularly in the Christian faith – and how it filters through society. In her critique of patriarchy she set her course to dismantle the facade of a patriarchal and misogynistic God as the root of patriarchy. Daly did not see any positive qualities of the Christian faith and completely rejected other interpretations of a God whose person embraces both male and female qualities. Against this background I will evaluate Daly’s post-Christian feminist theological and philosophical paradigm. I propose that Daly has a quadripartite theological and philosophical paradigm wherein there are four main players. The ‘Who is who’ in Daly’s quadripartite patriarchal theological and philosophical paradigm are the patriarchal male, the patriarchal female, the patriarchal God and the biophilic woman.


2018 ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic ◽  
Biljana Radivojevic

Mortality among married is lower than in those out of wedlock. Studies in European countries show that the difference in mortality between those who are married and those unmarried is increased regardless of sex. The main objective of the analysis in this paper is to show the impact of marriage on the mortality of the population, as well as the difference in the life expectancy of men and women in Serbia, by marriage status. Is there a protective effect of marriage? That is, can we confirm the hypothesis of higher importance of marriage status, when it comes to mortality of the men, and can we determine whether there are strong links between mortality and various modalities of marriage in the female population? Mortality trends for married and unmarried individuals were analyzed between the years 1981 and 2011, for both male and female population by five-year age groups. The scope of the analysis is the territory of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. This aspect of mortality is not sufficiently addressed in national research, which is why it is expected that the results of the conducted research can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the mortality of the population in Serbia.


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