scholarly journals Mortality by marital status in the Republic of Serbia

2018 ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic ◽  
Biljana Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Population Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Mortality among married is lower than in those out of wedlock. Studies in European countries show that the difference in mortality between those who are married and those unmarried is increased regardless of sex. The main objective of the analysis in this paper is to show the impact of marriage on the mortality of the population, as well as the difference in the life expectancy of men and women in Serbia, by marriage status. Is there a protective effect of marriage? That is, can we confirm the hypothesis of higher importance of marriage status, when it comes to mortality of the men, and can we determine whether there are strong links between mortality and various modalities of marriage in the female population? Mortality trends for married and unmarried individuals were analyzed between the years 1981 and 2011, for both male and female population by five-year age groups. The scope of the analysis is the territory of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. This aspect of mortality is not sufficiently addressed in national research, which is why it is expected that the results of the conducted research can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the mortality of the population in Serbia.

scholarly journals On Dynamics of Gender-Specific Mortality Among the Population of the Republic of Belarus in the Second Half of the XX – the Beginning of the XXI Centuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Romanova ◽  
O Krasko
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Population Mortality

Aim of the study: to evaluate the dynamics and to make a comparative analysis of male and female mortality among the population of Belarus Republic during 1959 – 2015.Materials and methods. The data on natural population movement in the Republic of Belarus during 1959 – 2015 have been analyzed in the research work. Crude and standardized mortality rates have been calculated using the direct standardization according to the world standard (Standard “World”), approved by WHO. JoinPoint software was used to investigate time trends as well as office suite MSEXCEL 2010.Results of the study. The minimum values of male and female crude and standardized mortality rates were established in 1964. Throughout the study period, the male population mortality rate grew 1.8-fold (based on crude rates – 2.4-fold), the female population mortality rate – 1.6-fold (based on crude rates – 2.2-fold). During 1985 – 2005, the differences in crude mortality rates among men and women grew 1.2-fold, and during 1962 – 2011, the differences in standardized rates increased 1.8-fold. Since 2003, the mortality rate among men and since 1999, the death rate among women has declined with an annual decrease rate to be more than twice as high as compared to an annual mortality increase registered during its growth.Conclusion. Since the 1960s, the changes in population age structure of the male and female population affected the crude mortality rates. The male and female mortality growth is due to an increased unfavorable impact of combined environmental factors. The adaptive capacity of women to sustain environmental changes contributed to their later entry into the period of mortality growth, as compared to men. The mortality rate reduction in men since 2003 and the excess of a decrease over an increase rate is associated with a set of state measures aimed at protecting and strengthening the public health in the republic.

scholarly journals Smart Home Adoption: The Impact of User Characteristics and Differences in Perception of Benefits

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Soojung Chang ◽  
Kyeongsook Nam
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Home Service ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Despite the various benefits offered by smart homes, they have not yet been widely adopted by mainstream users. This study was designed to identify user perceptions in the association between smart home service preference and adoption and to identify factors affecting the adoption and service preferences of smart homes. In order to achieve the goal of the study, an online survey was conducted among 400 potential users in the Republic of Korea. The main findings are as follows: First, there were considerable needs for the services that can support the independent lives of residents, such as safety and convenience services, among all age groups. Second, the study findings suggested that those who preferred environmental control service most were more likely to become relatively active adopters. Third, a significant association between the preference for smart home services and the intention to use was identified. Finally, the study findings suggested that the number of service preferences and adoption was not directly proportional. The findings reported in this study can improve the overall understanding of the process of adopting smart homes, and can provide important insights into user-centered strategies to promote the adoption of smart home services.

Unemployment as an indicator of economic security in the employment sector: A regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729
Author(s):  
T.N. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Band Theory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Subject. To achieve a high level of economic security is a key priority of national development. Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social development of the individual that is associated with his or her needs satisfaction in the sphere of employment and is boon to economic security. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to show the impact of unemployment on economic security in employment. Methods. I apply such scientific methods as dialectical, historical and logical unity, structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. The methods of multivariate statistical and comparative analysis serve as a methodological basis of the study. To determine the indicator of unemployment, I use the band theory. Results. I underpin the growing role of employment in ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the unemployment status and a comparative analysis of the indicator in the Republic of Mordovia, the Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation as a whole. I identify trends in the average duration of unemployment, show the distribution of unemployed by level of education and age groups. Conclusions. The average annual unemployment rate in the Republic of Mordovia is lower than in Russia and the Volga Federal District. The findings may be useful for public authorities to substantiate their employment policy at both macro- and meso-levels, for designing programs and strategies for socio-economic development of regions and the social security doctrine, as well as in practical activities of employment services.

scholarly journals Descriptive-epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Maksimovic ◽  
Kyriakos Spanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Lung cancer represents the most common malignant tumour among men, and appears more and more frequently among women in many countries worldwide. The aims of this descriptive epidemiological study were to evaluate the mortality trends of all malignant tumours and lung cancer in Central Serbia from 1990 to 1999, and to estimate the incidence, mortality and the basic demographic characteristics of lung cancer in Central Serbia in 1999. Material and methods. The source of data concerning cancer cases in 1999 was the Cancer Registry of Central Serbia, while data of the Republic Statistics Institute were used for the analysis of mortality trends for the period 1990-1999. All rates were standardized by the direct method, to the world standard population. Confidence intervals for mortality rates were assessed with 95% level of probability. Linear regression coefficient was determined by Fisher's test. Results. The mortality rates showed rising tendencies for both lung cancer (y=-1876.26+0.96x, p=0.028 for men; y=654.78U).33x, p-0.001 for women) and all malignant tumours (y=-4139.88+2.15x, p=0.163 for men; y=3649.68 + 1.88x, p=0.016 for women), with statistically significant increase being observed for all trends, except all malignant tumours among men. In the year 1999, lung cancer ranked first among men and third among women, with 29.2% and 10.3% of cancer mortality respectively. The age-specific mortality rates were much higher in men in all age groups. Mortality increased with age and the highest rates were found in the age group 70-74 for both sexes. The highest incidence and mortality rates were reported in Belgrade, Moravicki and Sumadijski district. .

scholarly journals Male and Female Cervical Spine Biomechanics and Anatomy: Implication for Scaling Injury Criteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Cameron R. Bass ◽  
Liming Voo ◽  
Frank A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Motion Responses ◽  
Geometric Scaling ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
The Military

There is an increased need to develop female-specific injury criteria and anthropomorphic test devices (dummies) for military and automotive environments, especially as women take occupational roles traditionally reserved for men. Although some exhaustive reviews on the biomechanics and injuries of the human spine have appeared in clinical and bioengineering literatures, focus has been largely ignored on the difference between male and female cervical spine responses and characteristics. Current neck injury criteria for automotive dummies for assessing crashworthiness and occupant safety are obtained from animal and human cadaver experiments, computational modeling, and human volunteer studies. They are also used in the military. Since the average human female spines are smaller than average male spines, metrics specific to the female population may be derived using simple geometric scaling, based on the assumption that male and female spines are geometrically scalable. However, as described in this technical brief, studies have shown that the biomechanical responses between males and females do not obey strict geometric similitude. Anatomical differences in terms of the structural component geometry are also different between the two cervical spines. Postural, physiological, and motion responses under automotive scenarios are also different. This technical brief, focused on such nonuniform differences, underscores the need to conduct female spine-specific evaluations/experiments to derive injury criteria for this important group of the population.

scholarly journals Personal Digital Health Assistants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Uday Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Working Day

The Aim: To determine gender differences in the dynamic of job stress indicators in an open population of 25-64 years over a long-term period - 29 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1988-89 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n=1676, 49.5% males, mean age 44.1±0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34.9% males, mean age 54.25±0.2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43.8% males, mean age 34.5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 (n=663, 41.3% males, mean age 51.95±0.32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Job stress indicators were assessed using the Karasek’s scale adopted by MONICA-MOPSY. Results: About 40% of male and female population in 1988 reported a change in occupation in the previous 12 years. The highest proportion of such persons was observed in the younger age groups and significant gender differences were also found there. By 2016-17, the proportion of those who changed their specialty decreased but gender differences were not determined. In 2016-17, the proportion of men and women who enjoy their job increased slightly compared to 1988, but the gender difference was insignificant. Responsibility at work increased up to 58.2% and 54.5%, respectively in dynamics among young men and women. In 2016-17, the perception of responsibility at the workplace returned to the semblance of 1988 without gender differences. Regarding changes in the workplace, in 1988, the most frequent were "change of salary" and "change of workplace" for both sexes. Men more often than women indicated conflicts with their superiors and subordinates. In 2013, the change of workplace was reported more often than changes in salary (especially in the youngest group of 25-34 years old) but in 2017 these answers correlated with each other, amounting to 11-12%. No gender differences were observed. In 2013-16, share of men and women who reduced their workload increased to 20%. This proportion decreased in 2016-17. And the trend towards an increase in workload at the workplace moved at a faster pace, especially among middle-aged and older men. The proportion of women who cannot relax and rest after usual working day in the period from 1988 to 2013-16 was stable at 38-39%; but by 2016-2017 it decreased by a third. The proportion of such men has been growing over 29 years and began to exceed women by 10% in 2016-17. Conclusions: Both genders began to perform additional work tasks more often and to assess their responsibility at work as high over 29 years of observations. There is a trend towards eliminating of sex differences.

scholarly journals Cohort analysis of colorectal cancer mortality in the Republic of Serbia over the period 1971-1996

2002 ◽  
Vol 130 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Gajic-Veljanoski ◽  
Mirjana Jarebinski ◽  
Ana Jovicevic-Bekic ◽  
Tatjana Pekmezovic
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Mortality

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms in both sexes within developed countries. In the Republic of Serbia(Serbia) colorectal cancer mortality in 1971 ranged 5 in females, and 4 in males; it became the second leading malignancy in 1982 in females (after breast cancer), and in 1992 in males (after lung cancer). The objective of this descriptive-epidemiological study was to examine colorectal cancer mortality in Serbian population, particularly the effect of cohort variations on death rates in defined age groups over the period 1971-1996. Mortality rates were calculated from unpublished national vital statistics data of the Institute of Statistics of the Republic of Serbia. To estimate the age effect on colorectal cancer mortality, specific death rates were computed for cohorts born between 1892-96 and 1972-76, and died at subsequent time periods. The mortality rates were adjusted by direct method, using the world standard population. Confidence intervals (CI) for death rates were assessed with 95% level of probability. In time trend analysis of mortality, Fisher's test was used as a significance test for linear regression coefficient. In the study period (1971-1996), a share of all digestive tumors in cancer mortality has decreased from 42.0% to 32.3%. However, the mortality risk of colorectal cancer and its share in cancer mortality have increased. For example, in men, the share of colorectal cancer in digestive cancer mortality increased from 20.7% (1971) to 32.8% (1996) and in overall cancer mortality from 7.5% to 10.5%. In women, the share of colorectal cancer in digestive cancer mortality increased from 23.0%(1971) to 35.6%(1996), and in overall cancer mortality from 8.5% to 11.6%. The average colorectal cancer age-adjusted death rates (1971-1996) were 11.2 per 100,000 men (95% CI: 10.1-12.3), and 8.3 per 100,000 women (95% CI: 7.7-8.9). The secular linear mortality trends showed significant increase both in males (y = 11.2 + 0.2x; ? = 0.000), and females (y = 8.3 + 0.1 ?; ? = 0.000). The highest rise in age-specific death rates, according to linear mortality trends, was observed in males over 65 years (7.8% annually), and females between 60 and 69 years (5.9% annually). In cohort analysis of age-specific rates in males, younger birth cohorts were compared with older ones. The increasing colorectal cancer mortality risk has been observed for ages over 40, with statistical significance in age groups over 45. In ages between 45 and 59, and over 60, the youngest birth cohorts were at 2 and 2.5-fold higher cancer mortality risk than birth cohorts of the oldest generations. For example, the age specific colorectal cancer death rates in a 70-74 year group were 2.5-fold higher in men born between 1922 and 1926 (139.3/100,000) than in cohorts born 25 years earlier (58.7/100,000). In cohort analysis of age-specific rates in females, changes in the age under 50 were not so expressive. In all age groups over 50, women of younger generations were at 2-fold higher cancer mortality risk than the oldest ones. The age specific colorectal cancer death rates in a 65-69 year group were doubled in women born between 1927 and 1931 (61.0/100 000), than in cohorts born 25 years earlier (30.5/100 000). According to the present mortality trends, the further increase in colorectal cancer death rates especially in the ages over 40, should be expected in future generations. Consistent increase in mortality risk in all younger birth cohorts of older ages, as well as in successive five-year age groups of the observed generations, could reflect the continuous increase in colorectal cancer incidence attributed to predominantly environmental exposures.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Characteristics of Tourism Economy in the Republic of Tunisia

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 224-245
Author(s):  
Marina A. Zhulina ◽  
Vyacheslav M. Kitsis ◽  
Svetlana V. Saraykina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tourism Economy ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Tourism is a dynamic, constantly developing sector of the economy. Tourism economy develops along with the society, recreation and tourism. The purpose of the article is to show the features of the impact of tourism on the national economy using the case of Tunisia. The experience of Tunisia is especially useful for the countries where beach recreation has developed and where the political situation has remained difficult for a long time (Egypt, Turkey, Thailand, etc.). Materials and Methods. The article is based on the statistical data provided by the World Tourism Organization, the World Data Atlas and open Internet sources. The study employed general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) and special ones (the methods of mathematical statistics, the graphical method, the comparative method, etc.). Results. For the first time, the article has provided a fairly complete description of the macroeconomic indicators characterizing the level of development of international tourism in Tunisia. The article has analyzed the dynamics of inbound and outbound tourism, discussed the factors affecting the volume of international tourism, considered international tourism expenditures and revenues, which to a large extent have a positive or negative impact on the country’s balance of payments. The trends in the development of international tourism in Tunisia have been revealed and the problems facing the industry have been identified. Discussion and Conclusion. The research has revealed that tourism economy largely depends on the political and economic processes taking place in the country. The current level of macroeconomic indicators of tourism economy in Tunisia lags behind the 2008–2009 figures. The results of the study made it possible to assess the current state of international tourism and make a number of suggestions aimed at increasing the level of development of international tourism in the country. The results of the study can contribute to the development of a program aimed to boost tourism economy in Tunisia, one of the key tasks of which should be that of increasing performance at the macro-level.

scholarly journals Research on China's Population Structure in the New Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Cui ◽  
Mengshuai Yin ◽  
Zerong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

To analyze the impact of the “two-child policy” on the population size and structure, first of all, the birth rate, the ratio of men and women, and the ratio of urban and rural population are used as indicators. Before and after the dispersion, then establish a PDE model, and compare it with the population predicted by the gray forecast to analyze the mitigation of the ageing of the second child policy; continue to analyze the impact of changes in the population structure on the national economy, and select the male and female ratio and the labor population The urban-rural population ratio is used as an index to establish a multiple regression equation for analysis, and a related regression equation is obtained. Finally, the future marriage problem is analyzed, considering only the difference in the number of men and women entering the marriageable period at the same time. The difference in the number of marriageable populations is analyzed through the difference in the number of men and women born at birth, focusing on a dynamic perspective.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Birutė Strukčinskienė ◽  
Robert Bauer ◽  
Sigitas Griškonis ◽  
Vaiva Strukčinskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Young People ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.

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