Approach to the location of distributed generation sources in the structure of electrical networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
A. Gai ◽  
◽  
V. Gulevich ◽  

Today, the electricity supplier is not able to declare the possible level of quality of electricity supply, and the consumer simply does not have the opportunity to buy such "high-quality" electricity. In such conditions, a differentiated approach to tariff formation is inevitable, which has been implemented in practice today, albeit in its infancy. Further improvement of the tariff-forming mechanism is impossible without creating a "flexible" dependence of the tariff on the quality indicators of the consumer's power supply. Quality indicators, in turn, are based, on the one hand, on the methods and approaches for their determination, and on the other, on statistically reliable data on the elements that make up the equipment in the "generation-consumer" chain. In recent years, there has been a tendency to change the concept of development of the electric power industry, since preference is given to the development of sources of distributed generation. Distributed generation is understood as a source of electrical energy directly connected to the distribution electrical network or connected to it by consumers. Ensuring the socio-economic stability of society and a decent quality of life for the population largely depends on the reliability and efficiency of the functioning of the infrastructure for the supply of fuel and energy resources, in particular, electricity. Excessive losses of electricity during its production, transportation and distribution, as well as an unacceptable level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, are the cause of interruptions in power supply to consumers and even the threat of systemic accidents in the United Energy System (UPS) of the country. The introduction of alternative energy sources in electric power systems, in addition to reducing the harmful impact on the environment and solving the problems associated with waste pollution during electric power generation, will reduce the use of natural resources and relieve the backbone and distribution power lines. As part of the scientific search, an approach was proposed, which is the basis for calculations to determine the optimal installation locations for sources of distributed generation of an average overhead line. The results obtained are presented in the framework of a joint technical meeting of leading specialists of operating enterprises, the customer and the staff of the Department of Power Supply named after V.M. Sinkova NULES of Ukraine.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
S. SKRYPNYK ◽  

Our world with its high technologies has long been deeply dependent on the quality of electricity supply. In most countries of the world there are national power grids that combine the entire set of generating capacity and loads. This network provides the operation of household appliances, lighting, heating, refrigeration, air conditioning and transport, as well as the functioning of the state apparatus, industry, finance, trade, health services and utilities across the country. Without this utility, namely electricity, the modern world simply could not live at its current pace. Sophisticated technological improvements are firmly rooted in our lives and workplaces, and with the advent of e-commerce began the process of continuous transformation of the way individuals interact with the rest of the world. But with the achievement of intelligent technologies, an uninterrupted power supply is required, the parameters of which exactly meet the established standards. These standards maintain our energy security and create a reliable power system, that is maintaining the system in a trouble-free state. Overvoltage is the deviation of the rated voltage from the value of the corresponding quality standard (frequency, sinusoidal voltage and compliance of harmonics). Overvoltage in terms of fire hazard is one of the most dangerous emergency modes of electrical equipment, which causes conditions that in most cases are sufficient for the occurrence of fire hazards (exceeding the allowable voltage leads to disruption of normal operation or possible ignition). Against the background of deteriorating engineering systems, increased power consumption and poor maintenance, power supply of electrical installations, the main causes of overvoltage in electrical networks are thunderstorms (atmospheric overvoltage), switching switches, uneven phase load in electrical networks, etc. The physical picture of internal overvoltage is due to oscillatory transients from the initial to the established voltage distributions in the conductive sections due to the different situation in the electrical circuit. In the conditions of operation of electric networks planned, mode or emergency situations are possible. Therefore, the ranges of overvoltage are determined by the range from several hundred volts to tens and hundreds of kilovolts, and depend on the types of overvoltage. Atmospheric overvoltage is considered to be one of the most dangerous types of emergency modes of operation of the electrical network. This overvoltage occurs as a result of lightning discharge during precipitation by concentrating electricity on the surface of the object, the introduction of potential through engineering networks and


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Bulatov ◽  
A. V. Kryukov ◽  
К. V. Suslov ◽  
A. V. Cherepanov

The article aims to develop a methodology to ensure timely determination of the margins of static aperiodic stability in power supply systems, at the nodal points of which distributed generation units are installed. The authors used mathematical methods and algorithms based on the application of limiting regime equations. Transitional processes were analysed for various points in the space of controlled mode parameters according to the simulation modelling in Matlab using the Simulink and SimPowerSystems packages. On the basis of the obtained results, an effective technique for analysing stability margins in electrical networks with distributed generation units was implemented. This method is applicable in design problems, as well as in operational and emergency control. The conducted theoretical analysis and computer modelling showed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for calculating stability margins; the nondegeneracy of the Jacobi matrix of limiting regime equations at the solution point ensures the guaranteed reliability of the results. It was shown that an alternative approach to solving the problem of timely determination of aperiodic stability margins can be implemented on the basis of limiting regime equation with increased nonlinearity. Dynamic modelling of an electrical network with distributed generation units confirmed the correctness of determining the stability margins calculated using limiting regime equations. The developed technique can be recommended for practical use in the design of power supply systems or in operational control of synchronous generators. In particular, the presented methodology can be used to implement a multi-agent emergency control system for distributed generation installations located in generalpurpose distribution electrical networks. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Gennady Vagin ◽  
Alexander Kulikov ◽  
Alexander Sevostyanov ◽  
Anatoly Fitasov

The electric power industry cannot develop without analyzing the factors that affect the shape of currents and voltages when determining the parameters of the electric network mode in the context of the introduction of modern means of intellectualization into the structure of power supply systems. The share of equipment affecting the electric power quality reaches 90% in modern electrical networks. This leads to the appearance of noise in the network that reduces the quality of electrical energy, voltage distortion by higher harmonic components in particular, and affects the adequacy of the parameters of the electrical network adopted by automatic control devices. The article presents the results of digital signal processing containing distortions in the form of a harmonic component with a decrease in the sampling frequency. It is shown that a decrease in the sampling frequency does not exclude the effect of higher harmonics on the result of processing signals, including high-frequency distortions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 04011 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Shemelova ◽  
E. V. Yakovleva ◽  
T. G. Makuseva ◽  
I. I. Eremina ◽  
O. N. Makusev

One of the quickly developing trends in the optimization of electric power grids is system development of operation and optimization of branch circuits which are based on linear programming problems. One of its categories is traffic problem. The paper discusses the formulation of various types of transport optimization problems used in the design of the most efficient power supply systems in the real sector of economy. The construction of arithmetic models of problems is carried out. Their optimality criterion is cost minimization for the design of electrical network diagrams consisting of power lines connecting sources and consumers. Examples of designing optimization power layout in mathematical problems considering the transmission capacity of power lines is given. The paper also touches upon a mathematical problem considering possible transit of capacities. The task is to build a mathematical model and solve problems that ensure minimization of process losses and losses of power when designing electrical networks. The results of solving problems are presented in the form of power supply circuits corresponding to the most optimal linking of source and consumer nodes. The work is of a scientific and practical significance as it considers the problem of optimizing economic costs when designing electric power network schemes. Moreover it is based on a qualitatively different level of use of the traffic problem algorithm. The algorithm for solving the minimization problem obtained in this paper allows developing the necessary computing operations as well as quickly obtaining the results of solving the cost optimization problem in the designed electric power network.


2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Muhayo Toshkhodzhaeva ◽  
Elena Gracheva ◽  
Okhunbobo Rahimov ◽  
Shakhboz Dadabaev

This article provides a brief overview of the existing problems of managing the electric power system, taking into account the sources of distributed generation. The features of centralized and decentralized power supply systems are considered from the point of view of changing operating conditions, in particular, eliminating the consequences of technological violations. The main goals of the electric power system management have been determined, regardless of the number of sources and the category of consumers in terms of power supply reliability, as well as in emergency and post-emergency modes. The basic principles and sequence of power system management are presented. An algorithm for the efficiency of operation and dispatch control of the power system is considered, methods for ensuring the selective operation of relay protection and automation devices in the presence of several generating capacities are presented. A fragment of an electrical network with four energy sources is shown and the main measures to ensure its normal functioning are proposed.


Author(s):  
K.V.V.S.R. Chowdary ◽  
A. Pradhan ◽  
Akhilesh A. Nimje

“Distributed generation is an electric power source connected directly to the distribution network or on the customer side of the meter” [1]. Distributed power generation is the future trend due to its ability to accommodate variety of renewable/alternative energy sources, its potential to improve the energy efficiency and power system capability, and its promise for power reliability and security. The smart power grid distributed energy system would provide the platform for the use of renewable sources and adequate emergency power for major metropolitan load centers and would safeguard in preventing the complete blackout of environmental calamity and would provide the ability to break up the interconnected power systems into the cluster smaller regions. This paper describes the integration issues of renewable energy in electric power systems. And the benefits of using PE interface for such applications.


Author(s):  
V. P. Schasny ◽  
A. I. Zhukouski

The efficiency of an enterprise’s power supply system depends on the quality of electricity and the losses of the latter in electrical networks; both being largely determined by the modes of voltage control and reactive power compensation. In practice, the problems of voltage control and reactive power compensation in power supply systems of industrial enterprises, including electric networks with a voltage of up to 1 kV, as well as 6, 10 kV and higher, are often solved separately. It triggers an irrational use of existing voltage control devices, underutilization of the installed capacity of compensating devices, and affects the voltage control in the electrical networks of the power supply organization. Since voltage management and compensation modes of reactive power are inseparable, they can be correctly determined only with the use of an integrated approach based on technical and economic criteria and taking into account technical requirements and local conditions. This article analyzes the mutual influence of voltage control and reactive power compensation modes in the electrical networks of industrial enterprises from the point of view of ensuring the quality of electricity and minimizing load power losses. The method and results of calculations (on the example of a specific industrial facility) for determining voltage deviations and losses in the electrical network as well as for selecting parameters for voltage control and reactive power compensation are presented. Due to the close relationship of these modes that affect all voltage levels, the effectiveness of measures cannot be ensured without the use of multifunctional devices for controlling the equipment of transformer substations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrenthung Odyuo ◽  
Dipu Sarkar ◽  
Lilika Sumi

Abstract The development and planning of optimal network reconfiguration strategies for electrical networks is greatly improved with proper application of graph theory techniques. This paper investigates the application of Kruskal's maximal spanning tree algorithm in finding the optimal radial networks for different loading scenarios from an interconnected meshed electrical network integrated with distributed generation (DG). The work is done with an objective to assess the prowess of Kruskal's algorithm to compute, obtain or derive an optimal radial network (optimal maximal spanning tree) that gives improved voltage stability and highest loss minimization from among all the possible radial networks obtainable from the DG-integrated mesh network for different time-varying loading scenarios. The proposed technique has been demonstrated on a multiple test systems considering time-varying load levels to investigate the performance and effectiveness of the suggested method. For interconnected electrical networks with the presence of distributed generation, it was found that application of Kruskal's algorithm quickly computes optimal radial configurations that gives the least amount of power losses and better voltage stability even under varying load conditions. Article Highlights Investigated network reconfiguration strategies for electrical networks with the presence of Distributed Generation for time-varying loading conditions. Investigated the application of graph theory techniques in electrical networks for developing and planning reconfiguration strategies. Applied Kruskal’s maximal spanning tree algorithm to obtain the optimal radial electrical networks for different loading scenarios from DG-integrated meshed electrical network.


2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Ngo Van Cuong ◽  
Lidiia I. Kovernikova

The parameters of electrical network modes often do not meet the requirements of Russian GOST 32144-2013 and the guidelines of Vietnam. In the actual operating conditions while there is the non-sinusoidal mode in electrical networks voltage and current harmonics are present. Harmonics result in overheating and damage of power transformers since they cause additional active power losses. Additional losses lead to the additional heat release, accelerating the process of insulating paper, transformer oil and magnetic structure deterioration consequently shortening the service life of a power transformer. In this regard there arises a need to develop certain scientific methods that would help demonstrate that low power quality, for instance could lead to a decrease in the electrical equipment service life. Currently we see a development of automated systems for continuous monitoring of power quality indices and mode parameters of electrical networks. These systems could be supplemented by characteristics calculating programs that give out a warning upon detection of the adverse influence of voltage and current harmonics on various electrical equipment of both electric power providers and electric power consumers. A software program presented in the article may be used to predict the influence of voltage and current harmonics on power transformers.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
A Oladele

The migration of human populations from rural to urban settlements known as urbanization in its most basic sense suggests an improvement in various facets of life. Urbanization ideally should also imply an enhancement of housing quality and other components of human settlements such as power supply, portable water, good roads, proper refuse and sewage disposal facilities, maintenance of ecological balance and a reduction in environmental pollution. Globally, the urbanization process has occurred in a disorganized and nearly uncontrollable manner. The spontaneity in growth of urban settlements has affected negatively several components of the urban fabric such that these components (previously mentioned) are either severely inadequate or non-existent in majority of instances where urbanization has taken place. Arguably, the success of any urbanization process can be measured by the quality of the environments produced and the housing stock found within such environments. This paper seeks to identify and evaluate the components of urban settlements that can be used as indices for establishing quality of our housing, environments and urban clusters particularly for the Nigerian context. The research methodology is a reconnaissance survey, field observation and comparison of four main areas within Ido Local Government Area of Ibadan, Oyo State, namely Apete, Elebu, Elenusonso and Ologuneru.Key words: Urbanization, Environmental quality indicators.


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