Urbanization, housing and environmental quality indicators

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
A Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Reconnaissance Survey ◽  
Urban Settlements

The migration of human populations from rural to urban settlements known as urbanization in its most basic sense suggests an improvement in various facets of life. Urbanization ideally should also imply an enhancement of housing quality and other components of human settlements such as power supply, portable water, good roads, proper refuse and sewage disposal facilities, maintenance of ecological balance and a reduction in environmental pollution. Globally, the urbanization process has occurred in a disorganized and nearly uncontrollable manner. The spontaneity in growth of urban settlements has affected negatively several components of the urban fabric such that these components (previously mentioned) are either severely inadequate or non-existent in majority of instances where urbanization has taken place. Arguably, the success of any urbanization process can be measured by the quality of the environments produced and the housing stock found within such environments. This paper seeks to identify and evaluate the components of urban settlements that can be used as indices for establishing quality of our housing, environments and urban clusters particularly for the Nigerian context. The research methodology is a reconnaissance survey, field observation and comparison of four main areas within Ido Local Government Area of Ibadan, Oyo State, namely Apete, Elebu, Elenusonso and Ologuneru.Key words: Urbanization, Environmental quality indicators.

scholarly journals Quality of life of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated area in Zhytomyr Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-483
Author(s):  
L. D. Romanchuk ◽  
L. O. Herasymchuk ◽  
S. P. Kovalyova ◽  
Yu. V. Kovalchuk ◽  
O. V. Lopatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Health Directorate

The article provides the assessment of the quality of life of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated areas of the Yemilchyno, Malyn, Korosten, Narodychi, Olevsk, Luhyny and Ovruch raions of the Zhytomyr region. The basis for the study and assessment of the quality of life of the population of radioactively contaminated administrative raions of the Zhytomyr region were the statistical data of the Main Directorate of Statistics in Zhytomyr Region, the Health Directorate of Zhytomyr Region State Administration, as well as our own results of a sociological survey. It was established that for the period between 2002 and 2018, the population of radioactively contaminated areas decreased by 24.7% (maximum values are representative of Malyn and Korosten raions). Natural population decline rates in rural settlements exceeded the corresponding values for urban settlements from 1.4 (Malyn raion) to 13 times (Olevsk raion). There is also the aging of the population, the largest share of the elderly (65 years old and older) - 21.7% and 20.8% are resident in the Korosten and Narodychi raions. The values of birth rates (7.5 (Ovruch raion) - 13 (Olevsk raion) per 1,000 of present population) did not have a positive effect on the demographic situation as a whole because of the high mortality rate exceeding the birth rate by 1.1 (Olevsk raion) - 2.9 times (Malyn raion). The main causes of death are diseases of the circulatory system (75.4%), cancer (10%) and external factors (7.3%). It was noted that there is a deterioration of the health of the local population; they pointed out that diseases related to the ChNPP accident include cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the circulatory, nervous and endocrine systems, diseases of bones and joints, headaches. The living conditions of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated areas of Zhytomyr region are unsatisfactory, which is confirmed by both objective data and subjective assessments of the residents themselves. The housing stock is outdated and it needs renovation. In order to improve the quality of life of the population of radioactively contaminated territories in the Zhytomyr region, it is necessary to reform the state policy, to provide financial support for their revival and creation of normal living and reproduction conditions for the population.

Approach to the location of distributed generation sources in the structure of electrical networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
A. Gai ◽  
◽  
V. Gulevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Electrical Networks

Today, the electricity supplier is not able to declare the possible level of quality of electricity supply, and the consumer simply does not have the opportunity to buy such "high-quality" electricity. In such conditions, a differentiated approach to tariff formation is inevitable, which has been implemented in practice today, albeit in its infancy. Further improvement of the tariff-forming mechanism is impossible without creating a "flexible" dependence of the tariff on the quality indicators of the consumer's power supply. Quality indicators, in turn, are based, on the one hand, on the methods and approaches for their determination, and on the other, on statistically reliable data on the elements that make up the equipment in the "generation-consumer" chain. In recent years, there has been a tendency to change the concept of development of the electric power industry, since preference is given to the development of sources of distributed generation. Distributed generation is understood as a source of electrical energy directly connected to the distribution electrical network or connected to it by consumers. Ensuring the socio-economic stability of society and a decent quality of life for the population largely depends on the reliability and efficiency of the functioning of the infrastructure for the supply of fuel and energy resources, in particular, electricity. Excessive losses of electricity during its production, transportation and distribution, as well as an unacceptable level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, are the cause of interruptions in power supply to consumers and even the threat of systemic accidents in the United Energy System (UPS) of the country. The introduction of alternative energy sources in electric power systems, in addition to reducing the harmful impact on the environment and solving the problems associated with waste pollution during electric power generation, will reduce the use of natural resources and relieve the backbone and distribution power lines. As part of the scientific search, an approach was proposed, which is the basis for calculations to determine the optimal installation locations for sources of distributed generation of an average overhead line. The results obtained are presented in the framework of a joint technical meeting of leading specialists of operating enterprises, the customer and the staff of the Department of Power Supply named after V.M. Sinkova NULES of Ukraine.

scholarly journals POLA SEBARAN, INDIKATOR KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN DAN EKOLOGI KOMUNITAS MANGROVE PULAU TUNDA(Distribution Pattern, Environmental And Ecological Quality Indicators Of Mangrove Forest Community Pulau Tunda)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Syahrial Syahrial ◽  
Yudi Sastriawan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Line Transect

Ekosistem mangrove terdapat di seluruh pantai maupun pulau-pulau kecil Indonesia yang terpengaruh oleh pasang surut. Kajian pola sebaran, indikator kualitas lingkungan dan ekologi komunitas mangrove Pulau Tunda dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2014 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran, indikator kualitas lingkungan dan ekologi komunitas mangrovenya. Sampel mangrove diambil menggunakan transek garis dan plot yang ditarik dari titik acuan (tegakan mangrove terluar) serta tegak lurus garis pantai sampai ke daratan. Kemudian transek garis tersebut dibuat petak-petak contoh (plot) yang berukuran 10 x 10 m2 untuk kategori pohon dan di dalam ukuran 10 x 10 m2 dibuat plot berukuran 1 x 1 m2 untuk kategori semai. Pola penyebaran mangrove Pulau Tunda dianalisis berdasarkan indeks Morisita. Sementara kualitas lingkungan hutan mangrove dianalisis menggunakan tutupan pohon, tutupan semai dan jumlah jenis semai yang ditemukan. Kemudian ekologi komunitas mangrove Pulau Tunda dianalisis berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman, dominansi dan keseragaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola penyebaran mangrove Pulau Tunda tergolong beraturan (regular), dimana terjadi interaksi negatif antar individu dalam memperebutkan ruang, unsur hara maupun cahaya matahari. Selain itu, kondisi hutan mangrove Pulau Tunda masih tergolong baik dengan tingkat kualitas lingkungan vegetasi mangrove 73.74%, keanekaragaman dan dominansi mangrovenya tergolong rendah (1.20 dan 0.52) dan keseragamannya tergolong labil (0.60). Mangrove ecosystems are found throughout the coast and small islands of Indonesia which are affected by tides. Distribution pattern studies, environmental quality indicators and the ecological mangrove community of Tunda Island were carried out in January 2014 with the aim to determine distribution patterns, indicators of environmental quality and ecology of the mangroves community. Mangrove samples were taken using line transects and plots drawn from reference points (outer mangrove stands) and perpendicular to the coastline to the mainland. The line transect is made of plots of sample size 10 x 10 m2 for the category of trees and in a size of 10 x 10 m2 a plot of 1 x 1 m2 is made in the seedling category. The pattern of distribution of mangroves of Tunda Island was analyzed based on the Morisita index. While the environmental quality of mangrove forests was analyzed using tree cover, seedling cover and number of seedlings found. The ecology of the Tunda Island mangrove forest community was analyzed based on the diversity index, dominance and uniformity. The results showed that the pattern of mangrove distribution of Tunda Island was regular, where there was a negative interaction between individuals in fighting over space, nutrients and sunlight. In addition, the condition of the Tunda Island mangrove forest is still relatively good with the level of environmental quality of mangrove vegetation 73.74%, the diversity and dominance of mangroves are relatively low (1.20 and 0.52) and uniformity is classified as unstable (0.60). 

Assessing resident's satisfaction regarding housing environment - Case study Radauti municipality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Efros ◽  
Luminita-Mirela Lazarescu ◽  
Vasilica-Danut Horodnic
Keyword(s):  
Living Environment ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Sociological Inquiry ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Communication Paths

<p>         Housing, associated in the specialty literature with the habitat, is a dynamic process, circumscribed to human existence that is significantly influenced by the technological progress of the last decades. The access to information, the alert pace of life in the urban environment, the multiplication of population concerns, the need for privacy have created new preferences for housing and new expectations and needs of the residents in relation to the utilities, facilities and services available whitin the urban settlements. In consenquence, constant changes regarding housing-needs justifies the measures to assess the living conditions within a settlement.</p><p>       The present article proposes an empirical analysis on the perception of the population on the conditions under which the housing is carried out in the city of Radauti, a city with a population of 34,692 inhabitants, which after the fall of the communist regime undergoes a process of urban regeneration, like many other small medium-sized cities in the ex-socialists states of Eastern Europe. The research used the method of sociological inquiry by applying a questionnaire to a sample of 350 inhabitants with a permanent residence in the municipality of Radauti who were selected from the lists of citizens with voting rights from the 15 existing constituencies, following the representation of the three age categories. The research related to criteria associated with the characteristics of the housing environment and to the criteria regarding the accessibility of some utilities and services, for each category being selected variables that can be improved by involving the local administration (characteristics of buildings and housing, existence and access to utilities, the arrangement of the parking lots, of the communication paths, of the spaces for pedestrian movement, the urban image etc.). </p><p>        The interpretation of results allowed the association of the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the respondents with concrete aspects of the settlement, which made it possible to individualize the generating factors of some situations that were negatively appreciated by the population. This fact confirmed the hypothesis that there is an important gap between the needs of the population and the concrete situation of the facilities, utilities and services to which the population has access, emphasizing the unattractive aspects of the living environment and the anticipated responses of the users to the future conditions. Research has also indicated that the evaluation of the population’s satisfaction regarding the main aspects which define housing in Radauti is a useful feed-back for policies makers indicating the concrete situations in which it could intervene to increase the quality of housing within the settlement.</p><p> </p><p>Key words: housing quality,  population needs, assessment, satisfaction, housing environment</p>

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the food and feed value of rapeseed dried by convective method and using microwave power supply in a swirling coolant flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunin ◽  
G. V. Kalashnikov ◽  
S. V. Makeev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Microwave Device ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Drying Process

When choosing a method for drying rapeseed seeds, along with the productivity and energy costs of the process, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the resulting product. It is determined by the appearance of seeds, the balance of protein, vitamin and amino acid composition, as well as the quality of the oil contained in the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary that during the drying process, these indicators should be preserved and, if possible, improved.The aim of this work is to compare the quality indicators of rapeseed seeds dried in a microwave device with a swirling flow of heat carrier and the traditional method of convective heat transfer.The qualitative indicators of rapeseed and canola oil during convective and microwave drying were studied. The influence of microwave energy on the drying process and the quality of rapeseed in a microwave device with a swirling coolant flow was studied. Organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of the quality of rapeseed dried by convective method and using a combined microwave power supply were determined. The study of the composition of proteins, the content of amino acids and vitamins of group E, as the most important quality indicators in the production of food products and feed additives using rapeseed. A comparative analysis of changes in the quality indicators of rapeseed seeds is performed, which allows identifying structural changes occurring during the drying process and assessing the quality of the resulting product during convective drying and using a combined microwave power supply. In the experimental studies found that the use of microwave energy in the drying process leads not only to increasing productivity, reducing energy costs, but also helps to preserve nutritional value, complete protein, amino acids and vitamin E dried product.

Development of Quality Indicators of Housing Design (QIHD), an Approach to Improve Design Quality of Affordable Housing

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Afaq Hyder Chohan ◽  
Adi Irfan ◽  
Jihad Awad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Site Development ◽  
Design And Construction

This research has been conducted to determine the design quality indicators and parameters for affordable housing in Karachi Pakistan. The absence of quality in Karachi housing resulted from various factors ranging from policy failure, violation of bylaws, population, housing scarcity and non availability of quality parameters etc. The amalgamation of these factors eventually lowers the quality of housing and ultimately results deficient housing design and construction. Because of this trend the end users experience the nuisance of unplanned maintenance and bear the tax of heavy repair and reworks. Significance of research has been accomplished through developing design quality models for both professional and users. This research has eventually evaluated forty eight (48) quality indicators for housing design (QIHD) from listed 65 design quality variables farmed in seven sections. This research concludes that existing design quality of affordable housing in Karachi could be enhanced through improving the design, construction, services, site development and neighborhood and sustainability. The QIHD model will provide the opportunity for design and construction professionals of city to rethink their housing design intellect in context of the housing quality.

Effects of contamination with toxic metals on the environmental quality of Sepetiba Bay (SE Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreza Portella Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Maria Graciano Figueiredo ◽  
José Osman dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Alves de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Gustavo Silveira Graudenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Sepetiba Bay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Se Brazil

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the case of toxic metal contamination of Sepetiba Bay caused by the Ingá Company. The paper reviews the history of the contamination and discusses the current presence of metals in the bay sediments, demonstrating that the toxic metals are clearly enriched. Sepetiba Bay is prone to significant dredging activities that make metals available in the food chain, affecting human populations, mainly fishermen communities. Design/methodology/approach – The study presents the case of the Ingá Company based on international literature and data provided by previous studies. Findings – Through the analysis and compilation of diverse data from the literature, this study demonstrates that the Ingá Company is a major source of Cd, Pb and Zn due to its calamine processing activities used to obtain high purity Zn. Originality/value – This study highlights important research to complete the historical scenario of heavy metal contamination of the Sepetiba Bay by Ingá Company. The results indicate that the contaminants from the Ingá Company can indeed be traced in the sediments of Sepetiba Bay. These data have the utmost value for the environmental management of this coastal system, because such high concentrations of toxic metals in marine sediments have serious implications for the environmental quality of the bay and may negatively affect biota and human health. Therefore, this study suggests that it is now necessary to monitor this region for contamination continuously.

scholarly journals HOUSING CHOICE STRUCTURE: EXAMPLES OF TWO DIFFERENT-SIZE CITIES FROM TURKEY

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif ALKAY
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Housing Choice ◽  
Intrinsic Properties

The distribution pattern of housing in any urban area will be extremely diverse and heterogeneous. The shape of this pattern depends on intrinsic properties of the housing units themselves as well as on accessibility, environmental quality and the capacity and quality of previously constructed housing stock. How do households make their choices and distribute themselves among such diverse housing areas? The aim of this investigation is to put the factors that could define the choice structure of households by focusing on two different-size cities in Turkey: the Istanbul Metropolitan Area (IMA), where the housing choice is expected to dependent upon economic behavior of households, and Bandırma (BND), a medium-size city, where the housing market is relatively weaker and the choice structure is expected to dependent upon the limited opportunities of supply. The investigation results show that households’ socio-economic characteristics dominate the choice structure in the IMA parallel to the expectation. Housing properties have a more notable impact on the choice structure in BND that acknowledged the relative limitation of the housing market.

Criteria for evaluation of the coordinate measurements quality of parts geometric parameters at pilot-experimental production

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Bobrovskaya ◽  
M.F. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Technological Heredity ◽  
Coordinate Measurements ◽  
Reasonable Choice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Geometric Elements

The criteria of the coordinate measurements quality at pilot-experimental production based on contemporary methods of quality management system and traditional methods of the measurements quality in Metrology are considered. As an additional criterion for quality of measurements, their duration is proposed. Analyzing the problem of assessing the quality of measurements, the authors pay particular attention to the role of technological heredity in the analysis of the sources of uncertainty of coordinate measurements, including not only the process of manufacturing the part, but all stages of the development of design and technological documentation. Along with such criteria as the degree of confidence in the results of measurements; the accuracy, convergence, reproducibility and speed of the results must take into account the correctness of technical specification, and such characteristics of the shape of the geometric elements to be controlled, such as flatness, roundness, cylindrical. It is noted that one of the main methods to reduce the uncertainty of coordinate measurements is to reduce the uncertainty in the initial data and measurement conditions, as well as to increase the stability of the tasks due to the reasonable choice of the basic geometric elements (measuring bases) of the part. A prerequisite for obtaining reliable quality indicators is a quantitative assessment of the conditions and organization of the measurement process. To plan and normalize the time of measurements, the authors propose to use analytical formulas, on the basis of which it is possible to perform quantitative analysis and optimization of quality indicators, including the speed of measurements.

Using the alveograph in developing requirements for the quality of flour for wafer sheet production

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
E.P. Meleshkina ◽  
◽  
S.N. Kolomiets ◽  
A.S. Cheskidova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Intended Purpose ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objectively and reliably determined indicators of rheological properties of the dough were identified using the alveograph device to create a system of classifications of wheat and flour from it for the intended purpose in the future. The analysis of the relationship of standardized quality indicators, as well as newly developed indicators for identifying them, differentiating the quality of wheat flour for the intended purpose, i.e. for finished products. To do this, we use mathematical statistics methods.

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