Loud Noises Lead To Dementia

Dementia is an umbrella term for a collection of symptoms that are caused by disorders affecting the brain and impact on memory, thinking, behaviour and emotion. The most common is Alzheimer’s disease, which affects 50-60% of people with dementia. Other types of dementia include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and fronto-temporal dementia. Dementia can also sometimes affect people who are under the age of 65. This is known as young onset dementia. Our brains are made up of over 86 billion nerve cells – more than the stars in the Milky Way. Dementia damages nerve cells so they are no longer able to communicate effectively and this impacts on how our body functions.

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Risk factors for dementia

Advances in Psychiatric Treatment ◽

10.1192/apt.7.1.24 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Catriona D. McCullagh ◽

David Craig ◽

Stephen P. McIlroy ◽

A. Peter Passmore

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Lewy Body ◽

Lewy Body Dementia ◽

Population Demographics ◽

Common Cause ◽

Generic Term ◽

Prevalence Of Dementia

There is little doubt that dementia is a very common cause of disability and dependency in our society. Since dementia of whatever type is usually more common with increasing age, then as population demographics change, so will the prevalence of dementia. Dementia is a generic term and the objective for clinicians, once dementia is suspected, is to attempt to define the cause. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, and in most centres vascular dementia would feature as the next most common aetiology. In some centres, Lewy body dementia is the second most common cause. Mixed Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia would also feature high on the list at most centres.

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Evidence of compensation in the brain networks of Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer’s disease patients

10.1101/159491 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Luis R. Peraza ◽

Ruth Cromarty ◽

Xenia Kobeleva ◽

Michael J. Firbank ◽

Alison Killen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Lewy Body ◽

Minimum Spanning Tree ◽

Brain Networks ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Lewy Body Dementia ◽

Dominant Frequency ◽

Compensatory Response ◽

The Brain

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) require differential management despite presenting with symptomatic overlap. A human electrophysiological difference is a decrease of dominant frequency (DF) −the highest power frequency between 4-15Hz– in DLB; a characteristic of Parkinsonian diseases. We analysed electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from old adults: healthy controls (HCs), AD, DLB and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) patients. Brain networks were assessed with the minimum spanning tree (MST) within six EEG bands: delta, theta, high-theta, alpha, beta and DF. Patients showed lower alpha band connectivity and lower DF than HCs. Lewy body dementias showed a randomised MST compared with HCs and AD in high-theta and alpha but not within the DF. The MST randomisation in DLB and PDD reflects decreased brain efficiency as well as impaired neural synchronisation. However, the lack of network topology differences at the DF indicates a compensatory response of the brain to the neuropathology.

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Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2000.2.2/aburns ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 129-138

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Lewy Body ◽

Daily Living ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Lewy Body Dementia ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Dementia Syndrome

The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a 2-stage process, in stage 1, the dementia syndrome, comprising neuropsychologic and neuropsychiatrie components together with deficits in activities of daily living, is differentiated on clinical grounds from a number of other conditions (delirium, concomitant physical illness, drug treatment normal memory loss, etc), in stage 2, the cause is determined, AD being the most common, followed by vascular dementia, Lewy-body dementia, frontal lobe dementia, and a host of so-called secondary causes. Although a mixed Alzheimer/vascular picture is common, gradual onset of multiple cognitive deficits is typical of AD, while abrupt onset, a fluctuating course, hypertension, and focal neurologic signs suggest vascular dementia, in Lewy-body dementia, memory loss may not be an early feature, and fluctuation can be marked by distressing psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbance, investigations should be minimally invasive and relatively cheap, confined to routine blood tests, chest x-ray and/or electrocardiogram if clinically indicated, cardiologie or neurologic referral in the presence of cerebrovascular signs, and computed tomography if an intracranial lesion is suspected. Accurate diagnosis enables the clinician to outline the disease course to the family and inform them of genetic implications. Numerous instruments for assessing cognitive function, global status, psychiatric well-being, and activities of daily living are briefly reviewed.

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Hallucinations and Delusions in Dementia

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610200006876 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (S1) ◽

pp. 113-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suzanne Holroyd

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Lewy Body ◽

Lewy Body Dementia

Hallucinations and delusions have been described in all types of dementia, including vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. They have been recognized in Alzheimer's disease (AD) since the illness was first described (Alzheimer, 1957).

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SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF TUBULIN IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN CONTROL, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2020-22-11-65-71 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

Burbaeva G.Sh. ◽

Androsova L.V. ◽

Vorobyeva E.A. ◽

Savushkina O.K.

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Binding Activity ◽

Nephelometric Method ◽

Rate Of Polymerization ◽

Mental Diseases ◽

And Control ◽

The Brain

The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of polymerization of tubulin into microtubules and determine the level of colchicine binding (colchicine-binding activity of tubulin) in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, vascular dementia (VD) and control. Colchicine-binding activity of tubulin was determined by Sherlinе in tubulin-enriched extracts of proteins from the samples. Measurement of light scattering during the polymerization of the tubulin was carried out using the nephelometric method at a wavelength of 450-550 nm. There was a significant decrease in colchicine-binding activity and the rate of tubulin polymerization in the prefrontal cortex in both diseases, and in VD to a greater extent than in schizophrenia. The obtained results suggest that not only in Alzheimer's disease, but also in other mental diseases such as schizophrenia and VD, there is a decrease in the level of tubulin in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, although to a lesser extent than in Alzheimer's disease, and consequently the amount of microtubules.

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Lipidomics and cognitive dysfunction – A Narrative review

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2020-0134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Arpita Chakraborty ◽

Samir Kumar Praharaj ◽

R. V. Krishnananda Prabhu ◽

M. Mukhyaprana Prabhu

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Brain Lipids ◽

Complex Lipids ◽

Functional Components ◽

The Brain

AbstractBackgroundMore than half portion of the brain is formed by lipids. They play critical roles in maintaining the brain's structural and functional components. Any dysregulation in these brain lipids can lead to cognitive dysfunction which are associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, vascular dementia etc. Studies have linked lipids with cognitive impairment. But not much has been studied about the complex brain lipids which might play a pivotal role in cognitive impairment. This review aims to highlight the lipidomic profiles in patients with cognitive dysfunction.ResultsForty-five articles were reviewed. These studies show alterations in complex lipids such as sphingolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols in brain in various neurological disorders such as vascular dementia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. However, the classes of fatty acids in these lipids involved are different across studies.ConclusionsThere is a need for targeted lipidomics analysis, specifically including sphingolipids in patients with neurodegenerative disorders so as to improve diagnostics as well as management of these disorders.

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A comparison of the prevalence of Fear of Falling between older patients with Lewy body dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and without dementia

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2021.111248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 111248

Author(s):

Pinar Soysal ◽

Semen Gokce Tan ◽

Lee Smith

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Lewy Body ◽

Older Patients ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Lewy Body Dementia

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Functional connectivity of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610220003944 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Julia Schumacher ◽

Alan J. Thomas ◽

Luis R. Peraza ◽

Michael Firbank ◽

John T. O’Brien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Lewy Body ◽

Cholinergic System ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Lewy Body Dementia ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Nucleus Basalis ◽

Nucleus Basalis Of Meynert

ABSTRACT Cholinergic deficits are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) provides the major source of cortical cholinergic input; studying its functional connectivity might, therefore, provide a tool for probing the cholinergic system and its degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases. Forty-six LBD patients, 29 AD patients, and 31 healthy age-matched controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A seed-based analysis was applied with seeds in the left and right NBM to assess functional connectivity between the NBM and the rest of the brain. We found a shift from anticorrelation in controls to positive correlations in LBD between the right/left NBM and clusters in right/left occipital cortex. Our results indicate that there is an imbalance in functional connectivity between the NBM and primary visual areas in LBD, which provides new insights into alterations within a part of the corticopetal cholinergic system that go beyond structural changes.

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Driving Cessation in Patients Attending a Young-Onset Dementia Clinic: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000488237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 190-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Latha Velayudhan ◽

Sarah Baillon ◽

Gabriela Urbaskova ◽

Laura McCulloch ◽

Samuel Tromans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Female Gender ◽

University Teaching ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Health Concern ◽

Driving Cessation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Young Onset ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Young Onset Dementia

Background: Although driving by persons with dementia is an important public health concern, little is known about driving cessation in younger people with dementia. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting driving cessation in individuals with and without dementia aged under 65 years attending a memory clinic in a European setting. Methods: Subjects were consecutive patients assessed at a specialist memory service at a university teaching hospital between 2000 and 2010. The data collected included demographic, clinical, standardized cognitive assessments as well as information on driving. Dementia diagnosis was made using ICD-10 criteria. Results: Of the 225 people who were or had been drivers, 32/79 (41%) with young-onset dementia (YOD) stopped driving compared to 25/146 (17%) patients who had cognitive impairment due to other causes. Women were more likely to cease driving and voluntarily than men (p < 0.001). Diagnosis of YOD was associated with driving cessation (1.193, 95% CI 0.570–1.815, p ≤ 0.001), and was mediated by impairment in praxis with the highest indirect mediation effect (0.754, 95% CI 0.183–1.401, p = 0.009). Conclusions: YOD diagnosis, female gender, and impairment in praxis have a higher probability for driving cessation in those under 65 years of age with cognitive impairment.

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