scholarly journals MYCOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF WINTER WHEAT FROM AREAS OF THE RE-PUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
R.M. Potekhina ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Larina ◽  
A.V. Malaniev ◽  
E.Yu. Tarasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Soil Wheat

Mycological analysis showed that fungi of the genus Fusarium – 33 %, Penicillium – 17 %, Aspergillus – 10 %, Alternaria – 13 %, Trichoderma – 11 %, Mucor – 12 %, yeast fungi – 6 % were most distinguished. The importance in the symbiotic habitat of filamentous fungi depends on the presence of pH, salts, and mineral fertilizers in the soil. In the Vekhneuslonskiy district, loamy soil predominates, the sprouts of winter wheat growing along the roads were distinguished by a weak root system and single seedlings (soil pH – 7,15±0,7). In the Kaibitskiy Buinskiy districts (in the chernozem soil) – wheat germs were strong, the fibrous root system was strengthened, the pH of the soil in the Kaibitskiy region was 6,35±0,4, in Buinskiy – 6,63±0,8. In mycological analysis, the highest indicator of the total number of fungi (TPG) was recorded in the Verkhneuslonsky region – 19,6х103±0,12 to 25,1х103±0,11, mainly fungi of the genus Fusarium were isolated. In the Kaibitsky district, the HPG was: (12,8х103±0,14 to 20,1х103±0,08) fungi of the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium were isolated. In the Buinsky district, the TPG was: (11,4х103±0,14 to 22,2х103±0,10), the fungi Rhizopus spp, Trichoderma spp. Fusarium. There was a correlation between the indicators of TPG and pH: the more acidic the environment, the less TPG. The growth and development of moldy fungi is not affected by the content of nitrates in the soil, so the content of nitrates in soil samples from the Verkhneuslonsky district was 2,8±0,006, Kaibitsky – 3,2±0,011 to 5,60±0,018, Buinsky 3,10±0,010 to 3,2±0,012.

scholarly journals THE DEPENDENCE OF GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT ON THE INTENSITY OF CELLULOSE DECOMPOSITION IN MEADOW-CHERNOZEM SOIL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Tukmacheva ◽  
◽  
O.F. Khamova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Stationary Field ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

We studied the cellulolytic activity of the winter wheat rhizosphere soil in a stationary field experiment with the application of mineral nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers (N15P23 per hectare of crop rotation area), straw, and seed inoculation. We estimated the crop yield depending on the intensity of cellulose decomposition in the soil. We established that the intensity of cellulose decomposition in the rhizosphere of winter wheat was most affected by the application of mineral fertilizers, as well as the combination of the application of mineral fertilizers, straw, and seed inoculation with the biopreparation rhizoagrin before sowing.

THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN THE CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UPPER VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Galkina ◽  
◽  
A.L. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

Research work on the study of biological products and mineral fertilizers on winter wheat crops on sod - podzolic medium loamy soil of the experimental field of the Ivanovo Agricultural Academy. When processing winter wheat seeds with biological preparations, mineral fertilizers were applied before sowing. According to the research results, there was a positive effect on the phases of crop development, as well as yield.

Fibrous root growth and water use of sugar beet

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay F. Brown ◽  
P. V. Biscoe
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fibrous Root

SUMMARYDevelopment of the fibrous root system of sugar beet was studied by washing soil samples taken from field experiments through the growing season. At the beginning of June the root system was still poorly developed but during June there was rapid proliferation. In the top 70 cm there was only little further increase in root density after the end of June. Below 70 cm root density increased up to the end of August. Throughout the season fibrous root density decreased with depth. Despite the origin of the lateral roots from two grooves on the storage root, fibrous root distributions at each depth around individual plants were essentially uniform from mid-June onwards. In the absence of nitrogen fertilizer, fibrous root development exceeded that of a crop given fertilizer, particularly at depths greater than 50 cm early in the season. The maximum value of root density was 2·8 cm/cm3 soil recorded in the top 10 cm in mid-September. Compared with published data for other crops, the sugar-beet root system was sparser than that of winter wheat or maize but denser than that of a soya bean or cassava.Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe. Inflows to roots were calculated from soil water content changes in different soil layers. In the top 30 cm, inflows ranged up to 10·8 μl water/cm root.day and were up to five times higher than published inflows for winter wheat. At 30–100 cm sugar beet and winter wheat inflows were generally similar. The 0–30 and 30–120 cm layers contributed about 80 and 20% respectively of the total water use by sugar beet while no uptake was recorded below 110 cm. Previous studies have shown that sugar beet often takes up water from soil deeper than 110 cm, although it is not unknown for the depth of water removal to be restricted.

The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
M. Tkachenko ◽  
N. Borys ◽  
Ye. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE PLAIN IRRIGATED ZONE OF DAGESTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
A.B. ISMAILOV ◽  
A.Sh. GIMBATOV ◽  
E.K. OMAROVA ◽  
G.A. ALIMIRZAEVA ◽  
R. A. RADZHABOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

scholarly journals Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Ermilov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Fertilization System

The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.  

scholarly journals The influence of environment forming factors on the productivity of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Burluckiy ◽  
Polina Semeshkina ◽  
Vladimir Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.

scholarly journals Underlying causes of the low winter wheat yields inferred based on root system distribution and soil nitrogen dynamics in Konan, Kiyosato-cho

Root Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotake Itoh ◽  
Chiyo Yoshioka ◽  
Toshimitu Shibata ◽  
Fumihiro Satoh ◽  
Hozumi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Underlying Causes

scholarly journals Determination of the biological efficiency of microbial transformation of organic substances of champignon substrates using biodestructors and their importance as organic fertilizer of plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
K. Podmarkova ◽  
S. Gruzinsky ◽  
M. Patyka ◽  
I. Chabanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Model Object

Goal. Determination of the biological effect of microbial transformation of organic substances of mushroom substrates for the use of biodestructors. Methods. The subject of the study was the used waste substrate after growing mushrooms. The biodestructors Extrakon and Bionorma Destructor were used for the transformation of organic substances of champignon substrates. Winter wheat ‘Smuglyanka’ variety was used as a test object. Research methods: biotechnological, biochemical, microbiological, statistical, light microscopy. Results. Scientific research was carried out and the literature data on the study of waste mushroom substrates and their use as an organic fertilizer were summarized. The monitoring of the possibilities was carried out using substrates after mushroom cultivation. The influence of domestic Extrakon and the Bionorma Destructor on spent mushroom substrates was studied. Established the benefits of using microfertilizer Extrakon and Bionorma Destructor on spent champignon substrates when growing agricultural plants using the example of winter wheat. The research results showed that when using an extract from a spent mushroom substrate, the stem length of the model increases 43.15% longer, and the root length is 1.17% longer, compared to distilled water. When we used an extract from a spent mushroom substrate fermented by Extrakon, the stem length of the model object is 25.12% longer, in comparison with the control, it is 79.11% longer. The length of the roots is 35.66% more compared with the use of an extract from an unfermented spent mushroom substrate, compared with the control — 37.24% more. When Destructor Bionorma was used, the growth of the model object is inhibited. Conclusions. Preparation Extrakon with a spent mushroom substrate in plants, the root system increases due to this, and the feeding area increases. This is due to the fact that the preparation Extrakon is designed for introduction into the soil and for its use the beneficial microflora of the soil is activated, transforms the components of the spent liver substrate, which are then absorbed by the plants and positively affect the nutrition of the root system.

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