scholarly journals Crystal multifaceted bead from the settlement of Kartamyshevo-3 and contacts between the Middle Dnieper region and the Northern Black Sea littoral in the 6th–7th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 272-288
Author(s):  
Anna Mastykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Kursk Region

The article deals with the discovery of a great multifaceted crystal bead in the settlement of the Kolochin culture of Kartamyshovo-3 in Upper Psel (Oboyansk district, Kursk region). Findings of such beads are given in the Northern Black Sea region, in the Caucasus, in Central and Western Europe. Thanks to these parallels, the chronology of crystal faceted beads is established within the framework of the end of the III / IV — the second half of the VII century. These beads, of Mediterranean or Sassanian origin, most likely fall into the Middle Dnieper as a result of contacts with the South-Western Crimea in the last third of the VI — first half of the VII century.

scholarly journals Experiencing Europeanization in the Black Sea and South Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Reisner
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
European Studies ◽  
The South ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
The Eu

The book series European Studies in the Caucasus offers innovative perspectives on regional studies of the Caucasus. By embracing the South Caucasus as well as Turkey and Russia, it moves away from a traditional viewpoint of European Studies that considers the countries of the region as objects of Europeanization. This second volume demonstrates this by looking into forms of inter-regionalism in the Black Sea–South Caucasus area in fields of economic cooperation, Europeanization of energy and environmental policies, discussing how the region is addressed in the elaboration of a new German Eastern Policy. In the section on norm diffusion, the contributors assess the normative power strategy of the EU and its paradoxes in the region, its impact on civil society development in Armenia, and democracy promotion in Georgia. In the section on legal approximation, issues of a global climate change regime and competition law in Georgia as well as penitentiary governance reform in the South Caucasus according to EU standards and policies are analyzed. All contributions also review regional or local contestations for the topics discussed here.

Imperial confrontation or regional cooperation?: Bulgarian migration and Ottoman-Russian relations in the Black Sea region, 1768-1830s

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Robarts
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Primary Unit

The Black Sea region from 1768-1830s has traditionally been characterized as a theater of warfare and imperial competition. Indeed, during this period, the Ottoman and Russian empires engaged in four armed conflicts for supremacy in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and on the Black Sea itself. While not discounting geo-strategic and ideological confrontation between the Ottoman and Russian empires, this article - by adopting the Black Sea region as its primary unit of historical and political analysis - will emphasize the considerable amount of exchange that took place between the Ottoman and Russian empires in the Black Sea region in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Building upon a case study of Bulgarian migration between the Ottoman and Russian empires and as part of a broader discussion on Ottoman-Russian Black Sea diplomacy this article will detail joint Ottoman-Russian initiatives to control their mutual Black Sea borderland.

scholarly journals The spatial pattern of selected extreme precipitation indices for Turkey (1975-2012)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Faize Sarış
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Rainy Days

AbstractThis paper analyses extreme precipitation characteristics of Turkey based on selected WMO climate change indices. The indices – monthly total rainy days (RDays); monthly maximum 1-day precipitation (Rx1day); simple precipitation intensity index (SDII); and monthly count of days when total precipitation (represented by PRCP) exceeds 10 mm (R10mm) – were calculated for 98 stations for the 38-year overlapping period (1975–2012). Cluster analysis was applied to evaluate the spatial characterisation of the annual precipitation extremes. Four extreme precipitation clusters were detected. Cluster 1 corresponds spatially to Central and Eastern Anatolia and is identified with the lowest values of the indices, except rainy days. Cluster 2 is concentrated mainly on the west and south of Anatolia, and especially the coastal zone, and can be characterised with the lowest rainy days, and high and moderate values of other indices. These two clusters are the most prominent classes throughout the country, and include a total of 82 stations. Cluster 3 is clearly located in the Black Sea coastal zone in the north, and has high and moderate index values. Two stations on the north-east coast of the Black Sea region are identified as Cluster 4, which exhibits the highest values among all indices. The overall results reveal that winter months and October have the highest proportion of precipitation extremes in Turkey. The north-east part of the Black Sea region and Mediterranean coastal area from the south-west to the south-east are prone to frequent extreme precipitation events.

scholarly journals The Huns in the Plains of Crimea

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Aibabin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The State ◽  
State Farm ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Caucasus Mountains ◽  
Syrian Coast ◽  
Written Sources

The article reviews some evidence of written sources about the Huns in the Crimea and the Huns’ burials found in the plains of the Crimea. Many researchers of the Crimean history dated the invasion of the Huns in the Northern Black Sea region to the time of the reign of Emperor Valens (364–378) taking into account the information of only some narrative sources. However, there is no information about the Huns’ crossing through the Cimmerian Bosporus Strait and the attack on the Bosporus cities in the 370s in the written sources. According to Syrian and Greek sources, N.V. Pigulevskaya reasonably attributed Huns’ crossing through Meotida and the Caucasus Mountains to Mesopotamia and the Syrian coast to 395. This date is confirmed by the updated chronology of nomadic burials known in the Crimea and ceramics from Bosporan cities and settlements. Apparently, the Huns appeared on the peninsula after their settlement in the Northern Black Sea region at the end of the 4th – 5th centuries. Huns tombs on the hillside of Koklyuk, from the State Farm named after Kalinin, from Belyaus and on the necropolis of Ust-Alma are dated back to the first half of the 5th century by polychrome things. According to the funeral rite, the described Crimean graves of the first half of the 5th century are similar to the graves excavated under the kurgans with horse skin known in steppes of the Northern Black Sea region. I.P. Zasetskaya reasonably associated them with the Turks, who were part of the Hunnic tribal union. Nomad burials in Izobilnoe were attributed to the second half of the 5th century, in Marfovka – to the end of the 5th century, and in Chykarenko – to the first half of the 6th century. The graves of nomads of the first half of the 5th century belonged to the Akatziri, and the graves of the second half of the 5th century – first half of the 6th century belonged to Huns-Altziagiri.

scholarly journals Black Soils Degradation in the South-Western Black Sea Region at Irrigation and in the Post-Irrigation Period

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Bilanchyn ◽  
Svetlana Rezvaya ◽  
Volodymyr Medinets
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Physical State ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
North Western

Many years’ studies of process of changes in composition, properties and fertility of the black soils of the North-Western Black Sea area in Ukraine with irrigation have revealed mobility of carbonates and humus in them, decrease of capacity of cationic consumption and content of consumed calcium, increase of share of consumed magnesium and sodium. Indicators of agro-physical state of soils under irrigation conditions are worsening significantly.

scholarly journals Mantle earthquakes in the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
V. Burmin ◽  
O. Kendzera ◽  
L. Shumlianska ◽  
T. Amashukeli
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Deep Earthquakes ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Mantle Earthquakes

The question of the existence of foci of deep earthquakes in the region of the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus is extremely important from the point of view of the geodynamics of the region. Previously it was thought that only crustal earthquakes could occur in this region. Recently, results have been obtained that show that earthquakes with depths of at least 300 km occur in this region. The article discusses the question of how plausible these results are and why they were not obtained earlier. Seven specific examples of the ambiguous determination of the depth of earthquake hypocenters in the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus region are considered. These examples clearly show that determining the coordinates of earthquake hypocenters using algorithms based on the Geiger method does not allow one to uniquely determine the depth of the hypocenters. The article gives an idea of the authors about the origin of mantle earthquakes in the Caucasian and Crimean-Black Sea regions. For the Caucasus region, mantle earthquakes are associated with two reasons: submersion of the lithospheric layer; in the asthenospheric layer, represented in the seismotomographic sections by a low-velocity anomaly, the nature of earthquake foci is associated with fluids formed during phase transition reactions. In the Crimean-Black Sea region, earthquake foci are located in the lithosphere layer, and the sliding of the lithosphere along the less viscous underlying layer of the upper mantle causes tectonic movements in the lithosphere accompanied by earthquakes. In addition, to determine the coordinates of the hypocenters of the Crimean and Caucasian earthquakes during routine processing, hodographs were used for depths not exceeding 35 km for the Crimea and 50 km for the Caucasus and 150 for the North Caucasus. This circumstance is the main reason why deep earthquakes could not be detected.

SPECIES OF MINT GROWING IN THE CAUCASUS AND HAVING FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
A. Tsibulskaya ◽  
E. Shmat
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Multiplication Factor ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Murashige Skoog

Research has been carried out on micropropagation of an important pharmaceutical and food plant, water mint (M. aquatica), which grows in the Sochi Black Sea region. Reproduction was carried out with nodal explants. When grown on a Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium with 0.1-0.2 mg / l NAA and 0.5-1.0 mg / l kinetin, a multiplication factor of 1:15 - 1:20 per month was achieved. When lighting with fluorescent lamps, 0.45 ± 0.01 mg of biomass was obtained per one PB-16 tube, and with LED lighting - 0.98 ± 0.05 mg.

Age, growth and mortality of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus in the south-eastern region of the Black Sea during the 2010–2011 fishing season

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 2247-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Erdoğan Sağlam ◽  
C. Sağlam
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
South Eastern

In this research age composition, sex-ratio, growth, survival, mortality and exploitation rates were determined in the south-eastern Black Sea region of Turkey during the 2010–2011 fishing season. Anchovy in the age group 2 was the most abundant (64.06%), followed by age groups 1 (33.12%), 3 (1.80%) and 0 (1.02%). Mean length and weight of the total sample, males and females, were 11.63 ± 0.02 cm, 9.98 ± 0.04 g; 11.39 ± 0.03 cm, 9.40 ± 0.07 g; and 11.98 ± 0.02 cm, 10.73 ± 0.05 g, respectively. The mean condition factor was CF = 0.63 and the sex composition was 61.27% female, 34.40% male and 4.33% unidentified. Equations describing the relationship between length and weight, age and length, and age and weight were derived as W = 0.011 × L2.742, L(t) = 16.368*(1–e−0.425*(t +1.35)) and W(t) = 23.516*(1 –e–0.425*(t+1.35))2,747, respectively. The survival (S), instantaneous total mortality (Z), annual mortality (A), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) rates were found to be S = 5.8%, Z = 2.84 yr–1,, A = 94.2%, M = 0.66 yr−1, and F = 2.18 yr–1, respectively. The exploitation rate was calculated as 0.77, which is higher than the optimum exploitation level.

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