Bat Overpasses Help Bats to Cross Roads Safely by Increasing Their Flight Height

The objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of spray mixture volume and flight height on herbicide deposition in aerial applications on pastures. The experimental plots were arranged in a pasture area in the district of Porto Esperidião (Mato Grosso, Brazil). In all of the treatments, the applications contained the herbicides aminopyralid and fluroxypyr (Dominum) at the dose of 2.5 L c.p. ha-1, including the adjuvant mineral oil (Joint Oil) at the dose of 1.0 L and a tracer to determine the deposition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (rhodamine at a concentration of 0.6%). The experiment consisted of nine treatments that comprised the combinations of three spray volumes (20, 30 and 50 L ha-1) and three flight heights (10, 30 and 40 m). The results showed that, on average, there was a tendency for larger deposits for the smallest flight heights, with a significant difference between the heights of 10 and 40 m. There was no significant difference among the deposits obtained with the different spray mixture volumes.

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Development of Numerical Computational Model for Metallic Wire Particles' Behavior in GIS for the Estimation of the Partial Discharge-free Allowable Maximum Flight Height

IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy ◽

10.1541/ieejpes.124.634 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 634-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daisuke Natsuume ◽

Kiyoshi Inami ◽

Hiroyuki Hama ◽

Shinji Oda ◽

Manabu Yoshimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computational Model ◽

Partial Discharge ◽

Metallic Wire ◽

Flight Height

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The energy landscape predicts flight height and wind turbine collision hazard in three species of large soaring raptor

Journal of Applied Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2664.12909 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1895-1906 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Guillaume Péron ◽

Christen H. Fleming ◽

Olivier Duriez ◽

Julie Fluhr ◽

Christian Itty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Energy Landscape ◽

Flight Height

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Flight Height Preference for Oviposition of Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Vectors of Sylvatic Yellow Fever Virus Near the Hydroelectric Reservoir of Simplício, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1603/me12120 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 791-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jeronimo Alencar ◽

Fernanda Morone ◽

Cecília Ferreira De Mello ◽

Nicolas Dégallier ◽

Paulo Sérgio Lucio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Hydroelectric Reservoir ◽

Flight Height

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Investigation of accidents caused by the failure of the main engines of the ekranoplan

MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII ◽

10.37220/mit.2020.48.2.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

В.Ю. Каминский ◽

Д.А. Скороходов ◽

А.А. Таранцев ◽

М.Л. Маринов

Keyword(s):

Time Characteristic ◽

Stabilization System ◽

Engine Thrust ◽

Flight Height ◽

Engine Failure ◽

Engine Maintenance

В статье выполнен анализ лётных характеристик экраноплана с включенной системой стабилизации скорости. Рассмотрен сценарий, в котором после отказа двигателя пилот подключает ранее не работавший двигатель, находившийся в режиме авторотации. Учитывается отказ одного двигателя, поскольку вероятность одновременного отказа двух и большего числа двигателей мала. Рассмотрены различные режимы движения экраноплана по высоте полёта и числу работающих двигателей. Делается допущение, что при отказе двигателя сброс тяги происходит мгновенно. Набор тяги двигателем после подключения осуществляется в соответствии с инструкцией по обслуживанию двигателя. Принята временная характеристика запуска двигателя, находившегося ранее в режиме авторотации, аналогичная действиям пилотов экраноплана, движущегося со скоростью 400 км/час.После прогрева запускаемого двигателя он подключается к системе автоматической стабилизации скорости и выходит на требуемый тяговый режим. Считается, что подключение двигателя к системе автоматической стабилизации скорости и выход на требуемую тягу происходят мгновенно. The article analyzes the flight characteristics of an ekranoplane with a speed stabilization system enabled. We consider a scenario in which, after an engine failure, the pilot connects a previously inactive engine that was in autorotation mode. One engine failure is taken into account, since the probability of simultaneous failure of two or more engines is small. Various modes of movement of the ekranoplan by flight height and number of working engines are considered. It is assumed that when the engine fails, the thrust is reset instantly. After connecting the engine, the engine thrust is set in accordance with the engine maintenance instructions. The time characteristic of starting the engine, which was previously in autorotation mode, is similar to the actions of the pilots of the ekranoplan, whose speed is 400 km / h.After warming up the starting engine, it is connected to the automatic speed stabilization system and enters the required traction mode. It is assumed that the engine is connected to the automatic speed stabilization system and reaches the required thrust instantly.

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Influence of the Downwash Wind Field of Plant Protection UAV on Droplet Deposition Distribution Characteristics at Different Flight Heights

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2399

Author(s):

Yubin Lan ◽

Shicheng Qian ◽

Shengde Chen ◽

Yingjie Zhao ◽

Xiaoling Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Field ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Distribution Characteristics ◽

Droplet Deposition ◽

Control Effect ◽

Flight Height ◽

Improvement Effect ◽

Crop Disease ◽

Aerial Spraying

The aerial spraying of pesticides by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is a process in which the spray droplet deposition on target sites occurs under the influence of the downwash wind field. The downwash wind field is the most important factor affecting droplet deposition distribution characteristics in an aerial spray. To understand the mechanism of the downwash wind field, spray tests were conducted at different flight heights by using a DJI UAV, and the downwash wind field in the three-dimensional direction (X-directional wind, Y-crosswind, and Z-vertical wind) was measured by using a wind speed measurement system for UAV. Combined with the droplet deposition of aerial spray, the distribution characteristics of the downwash wind field and the influence of the downwash wind field on droplet deposition were studied. The results showed that it had obvious differences in the distribution of the downwash wind field for UAV at different flight heights. As the flight height increases, the downwash wind field in X-direction and Z-direction showed a strong to weak trend, while the downwash wind field in Y-direction showed an opposite trend. In addition, it was found that the downwash wind field in Y-direction and Z-direction both have a significant influence on droplet deposition. With the increase of flight height, the change of the downwash wind field led to a gradual decrease in droplet deposition in the effective spray area, and droplets deposited more uniformly. For the DJI T16 plant protection UAV in this test, the optimal flight height was 2.0 m, and the downwash wind field had a better improvement effect on droplet deposition. Therefore, in order to make full use of the downwash wind field of UAV, the appropriate flight height should be selected to improve droplet deposition of liquid pesticide and achieve a better control effect for crop disease and pests when UAV is used for aerial spray operations in the field. This study revealed the influence mechanism of the downwash wind field on droplet deposition of aerial spray, and proposed appropriate operation parameters from the perspective of practical operation. It was expected to provide data support for improving the operation quality of aerial spraying and the formulation of field operation specifications.

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Novas geotecnologias aplicadas ao estudo geomorfológico: exemplo de morfometria da Voçoroca do Areal, Cacequi-RS

GeoTextos ◽

10.9771/geo.v16i1.35474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucas Krein Rademann ◽

Romario Trentin

Keyword(s):

Structure From Motion ◽

New Technologies ◽

Aerial Survey ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Quality Data ◽

High Quality Data ◽

Flight Height ◽

Vertical Development ◽

Geomorphological Analysis ◽

Great Advance

Nas últimas décadas o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias tem proporcionado um grande avanço da ciência. Nas geotecnologias um dos maiores avanços foi o desenvolvimento de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs) que permitem a obtenção de dados de alta qualidade, tendo um grande potencial para o uso na geomorfologia. Neste trabalho, foram utilizados dados obtidos com aerolevantamento realizado com VANT para a análise morfométrica da Voçoroca do Areal em Cacequi-RS. Para tanto, foi realizado um voo com um VANT multirotor, Phantom 4 a uma altura de voo de 150m, posteriormente os dados foram processados através do algoritmo Structure from Motion. Em seguida, foram classificadas áreas de avanço da voçoroca e calculados diversos parâmetros morfométricos. A voçoroca possui dinâmicas distintas em diferentes porções, tendo mais a montante áreas de avanço mais alargadas e longas com profundidades menores, na porção central um grande desenvolvimento vertical com grande volume erodido e na porção mais a jusante áreas de avanço com menor intensidade. Por fim, os dados obtidos permitiram a análise da morfometria da Voçoroca do Areal, fornecendo dados com extrema qualidade e acurácia. A utilização destas novas geotecnologias ainda tem muito a contribuir com a análise geomorfológica, principalmente nos mapeamentos em nível de detalhe. Abstract NEW GEOTECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY: EXAMPLE OF MORPHOMETRY OF THE AREAL GULLY, CACEQUI-RS In the last decades the development of new technologies has brought about a great advance in science. In geotechnologies, one of the biggest advances was the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles that allow obtaining high quality data, with great potential for use in geomorphology. In this work, data obtained with aerial survey with UAV were used for the morphometric analysis of Voçoroca do Areal in Cacequi - RS. For this purpose, a flight was performed with a multirotor UAV, Phantom 4 at a flight height of 150m, afterwards the data were processed using the Structure from Motion algorithm. Afterwards, gully advance areas were classified and several morphometric parameters were calculated. The gully has different dynamics in different portions, having in the area upstream more extended and long areas of progress with smaller depths, in the central portion a large vertical development with a large eroded volume and in the downstream areas, with less intense advancement areas. Finally, the data obtained allowed the analysis of Voçoroca do Areal morphometry, providing data with extreme quality and accuracy. The use of these new geotechnologies still has a lot to contribute to the geomorphological analysis, mainly in the detailed mappings.

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Preliminary Experimental Trial of Effects of Lattice Fence Installation on Honey Bee Flight Height as Implications for Urban Beekeeping Regulations

Land ◽

10.3390/land11010019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Tomonori Matsuzawa ◽

Ryo Kohsaka

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Public Safety ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

Location Data ◽

Flight Height ◽

Different Types ◽

Negative Perceptions ◽

Set Up

Urban beekeeping has gained salience because of its significance in biodiversity conservation and community building. Despite this, beekeeping practices in urban areas have received negative perceptions from residents, which stem from public safety concerns. There is, therefore, a need to enhance and/or work on appropriate rules for maximizing the profits while minimizing the risks. Amongst the present regulations, the installation of barriers and setbacks is the most common rule for public safety. However, only a limited number of empirical studies have reported on their effective location and height. Thus, in this study, an experimental apiary was set up with different types of barriers installed with varying distances to observe and measure flyway patterns of honey bees. We used a 3D laser scanner, which obtained 8529 points of highly accurate flight location data in about five hours. Results showed that the heights (1.8 and 0.9 m) of the barriers installed were effective in increasing the flight altitudes. The distance of the fence, which was installed as close as 1 m from the hives, was effective as well. These findings, which showed that barriers and setbacks are effective, can have regulatory implications in designing apiaries in urban spaces, where location is often restricted.

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Assessment of Diurnal Wind Turbine Collision Risk for Grassland Birds on the Southern Great Plains

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management ◽

10.3996/042015-jfwm-031 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 129-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sarah J. Wulff ◽

Matthew J. Butler ◽

Warren B. Ballard

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Great Plains ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Turbine Blades ◽

Bird Species ◽

The United States ◽

Southern Great Plains ◽

Flight Height ◽

Associated Species

Abstract Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources in the United States and has the potential to reduce the use of traditional nonrenewable energy. However, there is concern for potential short- and long-term influences on wildlife populations, such as bird collisions with turbine blades, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and habitat avoidance. Bird flight heights are indicative of collision risks, but knowledge of their distributions is limited. Our goal was to examine the diurnal flight heights of bird species to assess which are at greatest risk of collision with wind turbine blades. During October 2008–August 2009, we estimated the flight heights of 66 bird species at a planned wind energy facility on the southern Great Plains. Flight heights were estimated by measuring angle of incline with a clinometer and ground distance with a laser rangefinder. Previous work has been limited to flight height measurements categorized to site-specific rotor swept zone (RSZ) specifications that has resulted in limited applicability to other wind turbine RSZ specifications. Our research is distinctive because it provides more resolution in flight height estimates than those categorized into bins and allows application to wind turbines with different RSZs. We found that the flight heights of six bird species varied among seasons, indicating their risk of collision changed throughout the year. Observations indicated that the average flight heights of 28 bird species were within the potential RSZ (32–124 m above ground level) at our study site and that two species exhibited mean flight heights above the RSZ. Fifteen of those species were wetland-associated species, 7 were raptor or vulture species, and 6 were listed as species of greatest conservation need by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. We observed 14 bird species (1 vulture, 2 raptors, 7 wetland-associated species, and 4 passerines or other species) with greater than 25% of their observed flight heights within the RSZ. Our results indicate that raptors and wetland-associated species are the avian groups at greatest risk of collision with wind turbines due to their diurnal flight heights. However, the resolution of our data will allow assessment of which bird species are at greatest risk of collision for various wind turbine specifications. This information can help guide site assessment and placement for wind energy facilities across the southern Great Plains and help mitigate potential collision impacts on bird species.

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