Physico-Chemical Aspects of the Influence of Raw Material Components on the Quality of Ceramic Brick

The effect of raw material characteristics (longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris) on dry-cured loin and ham quality from three different Iberian · Duroc genotypes was studied: GEN1: ♂ Iberian · ♀ Duroc1, GEN2: ♂ Duroc1 · ♀ Iberian; GEN3: ♂ Duroc2 · ♀ Iberian. GEN1 and GEN2 are reciprocal crosses, while the difference between GEN2 and GEN3 is the Duroc sire line. The line Duroc1 (DU1) was selected for the manufacture of dry-cured meat products, whereas the line Duroc2 (DU2) was selected for meat production with low carcass fat. Raw material and dry-cured meat products did not differ between reciprocal crosses (GEN1 vs. GEN2). However, the genotype of the Duroc sire line affected the quality of meat and dry-cured meat products. GEN1 and GEN2 had higher adipogenic nature and higher postmortem pH than GEN3, and as a result, these dry-cured meat products had better instrumental and sensory quality than those from GEN3. By contrast, meat from GEN3 had lower pH, fat content, and oxidative stability which decreased the quality of dry-cured meat products. Therefore, there was a close connection between raw material and dry-cured meat products quality as it was affected by characteristics related to the genotype such as the adipogenic character and meat quality traits associated with pH.

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Chromatographic characterization of pyroligneous liquid obtained from carbonization of peach stone

Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais ◽

10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2019.003.0018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 207-218

Author(s):

Lidiane Schmalfuss Valadão ◽

Caroline Dos Santos Duarte ◽

Pedro José Sanches Filho

Keyword(s):

Industrial Process ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Raw Material ◽

Added Value ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Color Density ◽

Agroindustrial Residue

The peach stone is considered an agroindustrial residue originating from the industrial process of peach in halves in syrup. It does not have an adequate destination, its final disposal is incorrect and may cause contamination in the environmental compartments. In this way, the burning of this raw material as biomass enables its reuse, besides adding value to the residue. Among the processes used for the application of this residue is the carbonization process, which allows to obtain co-products with higher added value, such as pyroligneous liquid, which represents a fraction of organic compounds condensed from the smoke emitted during carbonization. The quality of the liquid depends on the process conditions and the biomass used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the sample of pyrolignous liquid obtained from the carbonization of the peach stone, on an industrial scale, qualitative and semi quantitative. Preliminary characterization (pH, conductivity, color, density and contents of tar, organic matter and acidity) and a chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. The liquid presented satisfactory results for the physico-chemical evaluations. Regarding the qualitative determination, it was possible to identify 49 compounds. Highlighting the phenols, with 44.90% of the number of compounds, mainly methoxyphenols. These are compounds with significant added value and industrial importance, indicating their use as raw material in the production of polymer resins, among other purposes.

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PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING KEDELAI LOKAL TERHADAP KEDELAI IMPOR SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU TEMPE MELALUI PEMETAAN FISIKO-KIMIA

AGROINTEK ◽

10.21107/agrointek.v14i1.6311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Kukuk Yudiono

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Seed Size ◽

Trial Design ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

The United States ◽

Raw Material ◽

Swelling Power ◽

Physico Chemical

The main problem encountered in the production of tempeh was its raw material, namely soybeans dominated by soybean supplied from other countries, mainly dominated by imported products from the United States. The majority of tempeh craftsmen's perception is that imported soybeans are superior to local soybeans. This is of course unfortunate because it will further aggravate the competitiveness of local soybeans. This research was conducted to explore the advantages of local soybeans, especially from the physico-chemical aspects of imported soybeans. The research objective was to map the physico-chemical properties of local and imported soybeans as raw material for tempeh. One factor trial design was used, with soybean varieties (4 local and 1 imported) as a factor. Variables observed included: antioxidant, bulk density, swelling power, plant quality, seed size, WAI, WSI, protein, yield, and density. The results obtained: 1) antioxidant : Devon 1 imported soybeans, 2) bulk density: fourth of local soybeans = imported soybeans, 3) swelling power : Argomulyo = imported soybeans, 4) quality of cooking: fourth of local soybeans imported soybeans, 5) seed size : Grobogan and Argomulyo imports, 6) WAI: Argomulyo and Demas imported soybeans, 7) WSI: Devon = imported soybeans, 8) protein: Grobogan and Detam imported soybeans, 9) density: Bromo imported soybeans, 10) extraction value: Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan imported soybeans.

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Quality of the ewes’ milk as a raw material in the dairy industry in the Republic of North Macedonia

Krmiva ◽

10.33128/k.61.1.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

Gordana Dimitrovska ◽

Katerina Bojkovska ◽

Borche Makarijoski ◽

Vesna Karapetkovska - Hristova ◽

Aleksandra Grozdanovska

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Average Value ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Microbiological Characteristics ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Republic

This study is based on analyzing physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of ewe milk from three different regions, which is used as a raw material in dairy industry of North Macedonia. All milk samples (n=123) were collected on dairy reception points of dairy industry in Pelagonia region, in a period of six (6) months. The average values for chemical composition of milk were in the range as follows: 6.83±0.22% to 7.68±0.36% for milk fat, 5.52±0.09% to 6.06±0.23% for proteins, 4.62±0.08% to 4.79±0.05% for lactose, 11.16±0.11% to 1.51±0.24% for non-fat dry matter (NFDM), -0.561 to -0.543oC for freezing point and 8.61±0.4 oSH to 8.88±0.47oSH for titrable acidity. The microbiological and hygienic status of examined ewe milk samples was of poor hygienic quality. The average value of the examined samples for somatic cell count ranged from 753.333 cfu/mL to 1.125.000 cfu/mL and the average number of total bacteria count was from 532.444 cfu/mL to 1.986.222 cfu/mL.

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Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation during Composting of Sewage and Agri-Food Sludge with Pruning Waste

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121954 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1954

Author(s):

José Antonio Sáez ◽

Pilar Flores ◽

María Ángeles Bustamante ◽

Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez ◽

Raúl Moral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Nitrogen Isotope ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bulking Agents ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Degree Of Maturity ◽

The Stability

This work studies the changes in δ15N signature during the composting of sewage sludge (MS) and agri-food sludge (AS) with different bulking agents and the potential relationships between the changes in this parameter with both the source of the organic matter used as a raw material and the stability of the end-materials obtained. For this, eleven mixtures were prepared in commercial composting conditions using sewage sludge from municipal wastewater in a range of 60–85% (on a fresh weight basis) or agri-food sludge in a range of 65–75%, mixed with seven different pruning wastes as bulking agents. The thermal profile was monitored throughout the composting processes, and the main physico-chemical and chemical parameters were determined. The results obtained confirmed a correct development of the composting processes, observing slight differences in process evolution depending on the type of sludge used. The composts obtained showed adequate contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) and reached a good degree of maturity. Significant differences in the specific nitrogen isotopic composition were found in the initial materials. Moreover, the results suggest that the type of sludge had a main contribution in the δ15N value of the initial composting mixtures. The use of δ15N is recommended as an indicator of the composting process, especially to evaluate N dynamics, and the quality of the resultant compost.

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Influence of the Regime Parameters of Distillation on the Distribution of Volatile Components by Fractions in the Production of Cornel Distillate

Beer and beverages ◽

10.52653/pin.2021.2.2.002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Елена Васильевна Дубинина ◽

Людмила Николаевна Крикунова ◽

Владимир Александрович Трофимченко ◽

Кантемир Витальевич Небежев

Keyword(s):

Chemical Processes ◽

Raw Material ◽

Lower Plate ◽

Distillation Unit ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Operating Modes ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Direct Distillation

На качество фруктовых дистиллятов оказывают существенное влияние различные физико-химические процессы, проходящие в дистилляционной установке под действием высокой температуры. В зависимости от особенностей биохимического состава для каждого вида сырья необходимо подбирать конкретные режимы дистилляции, обеспечивающие получение дистиллята с высокими органолептическими и физико-химическими характеристиками. В связи с этим цель работы состояла в исследовании влияния режимных параметров фракционированной дистилляции сброженной кизиловой мезги на распределение летучих компонентов по фракциям. В качестве объектов исследования в работе использовали фракции, полученные в процессе дистилляции сброженной кизиловой мезги на установке прямой сгонки «Kothe Distillationstechnik» (Германия). Экспериментально установлено, что повышение скорости при дистилляции сброженной кизиловой мезги приводит к увеличению объема отбираемой головной фракции, при одновременном снижении ее крепости. Показано, что изменение скорости дистилляции приводит к изменению характера перехода основных летучих компонентов в дистиллят и распределения их по фракциям. Изучена динамика перехода летучих компонентов в дистиллят при различных режимах работы дистилляционной установки - без задержки флегмы (обычный режим) и с задержкой флегмы на нижней тарелке укрепляющей колонны. Проведенные исследования показали, что при условии медленной дистилляции со скоростью не более 5,5 см3/мин в средние фракции переходит 82-85% компонентов энантового эфира, а содержание ацетальдегида снижается на 10-12% по сравнению с быстрой дистилляцией. Показано, что применение задержки флегмы на нижней тарелке укрепляющей колонны дистилляционной установки также способствует снижению перехода в кизиловый дистиллят ацетальдегида и этилацетата, и к сокращению потерь компонентов энантового эфира с головной и хвостовой фракциями. The quality of fruit distillates is significantly affected by various physical and chemical processes that take place in the distillation unit under the influence of high temperature. Depending on the characteristics of the biochemical composition for each type of raw material, it is necessary to select specific distillation modes that ensure the production of distillate with high organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics. In this regard, the aim of the work was to study the influence of the regime parameters of fractionated distillation of fermented Cornel pulp on the distribution of volatile components by fractions. The fractions obtained during the distillation of fermented Cornel pulp at the direct distillation unit «Kothe Distillationstechnik» (Germany), were used as the objects of research. It is experimentally established that an increase in the speed during distillation of fermented Cornel pulp leads to an increase in the volume of the selected head fraction, while reducing its strength. It is shown that a change in the distillation rate leads to a change in the nature of the transition of the main volatile components to the distillate and their distribution by fractions. The dynamics of the transition of volatile components to distillate under different operating modes of the distillation unit - without phlegm delay (normal mode) and with phlegm delay on the lower plate of the reinforcing column is studied. Studies have shown that under the condition of slow distillation at a speed of no more than 5.5 cm3/min, 82-85% of the enantium ether components pass into the medium fractions, and the content of acetaldehyde decreases by 10-12% compared to fast distillation. It is shown that the use of phlegm delay on the lower plate of the strengthening column of the distillation unit also helps to reduce the transition to the Cornel distillate of acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate, and to reduce the loss of the components of the enantium ether with the head and tail fractions.

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Physico-Chemical Analysis of artisanal and industrialized Minas Frescal cheese commercialized in Londrina-PR

Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos ◽

10.14685/rebrapa.v2i2.48 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Naiara Ramos Ricardo ◽

Marly Sayuri Katsuda ◽

Luciana Fulaneto Maia ◽

Lorena Fernandes Abrantes ◽

Leila Matsunaga Oshiro

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Income Source ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Small Producers ◽

Cheese Production

The artisan cheese production is an important income source for family farmers, however the lack of standardization and negligence in the preparation of the product generates a low quality cheese. The production of cheese of good quality finds some obstacles, because milk does not contribute in many ways to ensure the characteristics of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of 20 Minas Frescal cheeses, of which 10 samples were artisanal and 10 have industrial production. The handmade cheeses were sold in street markets and all the samples had no labeling and sanitary inspection seal. The industrialized were obtained in supermarkets, all the 20 samples were acquired in Londrina-PR. The analyses performed were  moisture, fat (d.b.), pH and acidity. The fat analysis showed that 50% of samples from artisanal cheeses and 40% of industrialized ones violate the current laws. The pH of artisanal cheese samples ranged between 5.2 and 6.7 and the acidity ranged between 0.06 and 2.41%. The variation in acidity showed that the cheeses are made without standard and quality control of raw material. In industrialized cheeses the pH ranged between 5.3 and 6.5 and acidity between 0.2 and 1.4%. With this work we concluded that the small producers and industries do not pay attention to physico-chemical parameters essential to the quality of the cheese. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v2i2.48

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Comparison of quality of anardana (dried arils) prepared in mechanical cabinet and solar tunnel drier from wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits procured from different locations of Himachal Pradesh, India

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.vi.2247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

Abhimanyu Thakur ◽

N. S. Thakur ◽

Hamid ◽

Monika Chauhan ◽

Chetna Sharma

Keyword(s):

Climatic Factors ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Himachal Pradesh ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Raw Material ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Tunnel Drier ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Punica Granatum L

The dried arils (anardana) prepared from wild pomegranate fruits (Punica granatum L.) are widely used as an acidulant in culinary purposes and in formulations of various ayurvedic medicines which are helpful in curing a number of ailments. As there is a wide variation among the quality of fruits which is due to geographic conditions, climatic factors and genetic variability so anardana was prepared from the fruits of different locations under different drying modes. The prepared product was further compared for its physico-chemical, antioxidant and sensory characteristics. Anardana prepared under mechanical cabinet drier and solar tunnel drier was comparable in terms of its various quality characteristics. While comparing the locations for the procurement of raw material, best quality anardana in terms of various quality attributes like colour, TSS [(total soluble solids) (40.35 oB)], total sugars (26.15 %), anthocyanins (37.97 mg/100 g), total phenols (176.46 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (39.45 mg QuE/100 g), antioxidant activity (59.53 %), starch (2.87 %) and sensory characteristics was prepared from the fruits of Karsog location (1265 meters above mean sea level) of Himachal Pradesh, India.

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DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v13i3.2146 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 92-102

Author(s):

Trung Duc Le

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Biological Methods ◽

Treatment Step ◽

Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

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Physico-Chemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Ahmednagar Industrial Area

Indian Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/70 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 228-230

Author(s):

Patil S.S Patil S.S ◽

◽

Gandhe H.D Gandhe H.D ◽

Ghorade I.B Ghorade I.B

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Chemical Assessment

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