Yield and seed productivity of pear rootstock forms in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
A. I. Lokhova ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
A. M. Rusanov ◽  
A. A. Mushinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
State University ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Typical Soil

The article presents the results of studying the diversity of pear rootstock forms in terms of yield and seed productivity. The research was carried out at the experimental sites of the Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture of AllRussian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery and the Botanical Garden of the Orenburg State University in 2017-2019, in typical soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg city. The purpose of the study is to identify pear rootstock forms characterized by high yield and stable seed productivity for use in the future as a seed rootstock. During the research, 15 pear accessions were studied; the planting scheme was 6x4 m. As a result of research, it was found that the rootstock form Temno-zelenaya is characterized by a high yield (40 kg/tree). High seed productivity of more than 6 seeds in one fruit was observed in samples: Vernaya (6.0-6.5 pcs.), SK-1, SK-3 (6.1-7.8 pcs.), SK-2 (7.0-7.5 pcs.), Chang Bai Li (7.4-7.7 pcs.), Semennaya 214 (7.5-7.8 pcs.). It was revealed that the Xiao he Bai Li variety is characterized by the maximum weight of 1000 seeds (65.2 g). Analysis of accessions by seed yield established that a consistently high yield is observed in the varieties Chang Bai Li (2.5-4.2 %), Vernaya (3.96-4.18 %) and forms SK-1 (2.0-3.25%), SK-2 (2.25-2.75 %), SK-3 (1.43-4.0 %). Pear rootstock forms Chang Bai Li, Vernaya, Semennaya 214, SK-1, SK-2, SK-3 were identifi ed, which can be recommended for production testing as seed pear rootstocks for the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

scholarly journals Study and conservation of Iris aphylla L. during introduction in the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
L. F. Beksheneva ◽  
A. A. Reut
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals

The article provides information about some biological features of the rare species Iris aphylla L., listed in a number of regional Red books. Ten-year-old plants, introduced into the South-Ural Botanical Garden- Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, were studied. Phenological features of the species, indicators of seed productivity and morphometric parameters of cultivars were studied. The assessment of decorative qualities and success of introduction of I. aphylla is carried out. It was revealed that the seed-grown species of I. aphylla in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Urals passes the full cycle of development. According to the terms of flowering, the introduced species is referred to the group of early-flowering irises. Seed productivity is estimated as average. According to the assessment of the decorative qualities I. aphylla is referred to medium decorative plants. The early and fairly long flowering has been noted, as well as the presence of several buds on the shoot. The success of the introduction was six points, that is, the introduced species regularly mass flowering, bears fruit, reproduces vegetative, has a high resistance to local climatic conditions. I. aphylla is recommended to replenish the zonal assortment of cultivated plants of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Promising forms of apricot for the conditions of the Orenburg Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
V. V. Beskopyl’naya ◽  
A. A. Mushinskiy ◽  
E. V. Aminova ◽  
A. Zh. Saudabayeva
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Continental Climate

The article describes new forms of apricot revealed in the sharply continental climate of the steppe zone of the southern Urals. The research was carried out in the period 2014-2020 on the basis of the Orenburg experimental station of horticulture and viticulture of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The experiment was conducted on annual seedlings in rain-fed conditions on a collection site in 2013, the layout of trees is 6×4 m. The soil of the experimental site and the adjacent massif is southern carbonate Chernozem, low-power, medium-loamy. According to productivity, fruit taste and winter hardiness (damage of 2 points), three forms of apricot SIZV-6-1, NO. 40, and D-36 were identified with the following characteristics: average fl owering period (from April 27 to May 1), the height is from 2 (D-36) to 3.5 (SI-ZV-6-1) meters, the yield is from 9.8 kg (form 40) to 15.7 kg per tree (form D-36). The revealed forms SI-ZV-6-1, No. 40 have a good, harmonious, sweet taste of fruits. The exception is the D-36 form, which has a sourness in the pulp. For all the time of research, the forms SI-SV-6-1, D-36, No. 40 were not aff ected by clasterosporium and moniliosis. The climatic conditions of the Orenburg region during the period of observation of phenological parameters were very diverse, which allowed us to give a comprehensive assessment of new forms of apricot. The information obtained during monitoring is new and can be used in breeding work.

Influence of glauconite on potato productivity under conditions of insufficient moisturization of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Glaz ◽  
◽  
A.K. Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

Research 2019-2020 in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region showed that the effect of glauconite on the yield and seed productivity of potatoes largely depends on the variety. The effect of glauconite (in doses from 10 to 40 t / ha) on the yield of tubers was proportional to the duration of the growing season of the varieties. The highest yield gains from glauconite were observed in the mid-ripening variety Tarasov – 4.05–4.62 t/ha, then in the medium-early variety Nevsky – 3.26–3.63 t/ha, and the smallest – were in the early variety Rosara – 1.95–2.26 t/ha. Whereas the effect of glauconite on the seed productivity of varieties had the opposite pattern: the greatest increase was observed in early-maturing varieties (Rozara – 1.30–1.56 times, Nevsky – 1.30–1.61 times), and the smallest – in the mid-season variety Tarasov (1.17–1.25 times).

scholarly journals The influence of ecological conditions on vegetative propagation of lilac varieties in the South Ural Botanical Garden (Ufa)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Natalia Viktorovna Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Aerial Roots

The paper presents the results of a long-term (2001-2018) study of vegetative propagation methods of the Syringa L. genus varieties on the basis of the South Ural Botanical Garden Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objective of the study was to determine the most effective and affordable ways of lilac varieties propagating in the climatic conditions of the Southern Urals, as well as to identify environmental factors affecting the effectiveness of vegetative propagation. Throughout the research period, such methods of vegetative propagation of lilac varieties as spring vaccinations, summer budding, propagation by aerial roots, green cuttings propagation were studied. As a result of the studies, it was found that the maximum quantity planting material is obtained when varieties are propagated by green cuttings using sand or a mixture of sand with perlite as a substrate. In the South Urals, greenhouses in the open ground for rooting lilac cuttings are practically unsuitable, because rooted cuttings die in them in winter or early spring. Therefore, in the climatic conditions of Bashkortostan, the rooting of lilac cuttings is desirable to be carried out in a sheltered greenhouse. With the help of spring vaccination, you can rejuvenate old vaccinated specimens, and summer budding can be used provided that the grafted plants provide a comfortable wintering, since early frosts characteristic of the Bashkir Urals lead to the death of green and not yet lignified shoots. The method of aerial roots can be considered acceptable and promising for the vegetative propagation of lilacs varieties.

scholarly journals Climatic Optimum as a Factor of the Economic Crisis of Steppe Nomads in the 4th Century AD

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Mikhail Krivosheev ◽  
Aleksandr Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
Desert Steppes ◽  
Humid Period

Introduction. Archaeological sites of the 4th century AD absent on most of the area of the Late Sarmatian culture. This may be both due to the difficulties of their identification and absence of chronological indicators and due to migrations of nomads from the steppe zone. Perhaps unfavorable climatic conditions for nomadic cattle breeding affected the decrease in the number of nomadic population in the 4th century AD. Methods and materials. The paleosoil data allow reconstructing the ecological situation in dry and desert steppes in the first centuries AD. The initial stage of the Late Sarmatian era (the late 2nd – the early 3rd centuries AD) was marked by arid conditions with cold winters with little snow, which were favorable for cattle breeding in the steppe zone. In the late 3rd century and at the turn of the 3rd – 4th centuries, the processes of humidization began – an increase in climate humidity, which favorably affected the ecological situation in the steppe: high grass, area watering. Such situation provided successful livestock grazing in summer. However, in winter, an increase in humidity led to heavy snowfalls and snowstorms, an increase in snow cover, frequent winter thaws, rain, fog, that were replaced by periods of cooling. At this time, grass icing and ice crust formation occured. Analysis. In those conditions, the number of days, when cattle grazing was impossible, increased. As a consequence, there was weakening and disease of the livestock, until the complete loss of the herd. This was followed by the decrease of population. Results. The humidization processes primarily affected the Southern Urals and in the final of the 3rd century reached the Volga-Don steppes. This could be the reason for the outflow of the Late Sarmatian population from the Southern Urals to the Volga regions. In the 4th century AD, the steppes from the Urals to the Lower Don were practically depopulated. The beginning of the humid period, which was unfavorable for the nomadic economy, had a positive effect on settled agricultural societies. The Early Alanian culture of the Central Caucasus demonstrates the dynamics of active development throughout the Late Sarmatian period, including in the 4th c. AD. The duration of this humid period is difficult to estimate, however, in the Hun Epoch, steppes remained almost uninhabited, as evidenced by the small number of sites of this time.

NEW VARIETY OF RASPBERRY ARISHA

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
E. V. Aminova ◽  
O. E. Merezhko ◽  
M. A. Tihonova
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Research Center ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
State Register ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Horticultural Research

Raspberries (R. idaeus L.) remain an actual and popular crop. The creation of new varieties with a high level of a complex of economically valuable traits is the most important task in the breeding of raspberries for the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. Over the past decade, 22 varieties of red raspberries have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this work was to study the red raspberry primocane variety Arisha by a complex of economically valuable characteristics in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. This variety (breeding number 2-20) is one of the results of breeding work of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The new variety is obtained from free pollination. The research was conducted in 2016-2020 on the basis of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The variety is of medium maturity, the height of the bush is average, the habit is semi-erect, thorns are greenish-brown concentrated throughout the shoot. The leaves are dark green, wrinkled, and the teeth on the edges of the leaves are medium-sharp. In the irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, the average yield of the Arisha variety over the years of research was 3.0 kg per bush, and the average fruit weight was 4.9 g. The berries are large, conical in shape, sweet and sour in taste (4.6 points), with aroma. This promising raspberry variety is characterized by medium drought resistance and heat resistance, and is slightly affected by anthracnose. The potential yield of the variety is realized before freezing by 100 %.

Productivity of Oxycoccus macrocarpus Pers. on mineral soils

10.12737/2176 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Корепанова ◽  
Darya Korepanova ◽  
Корепанов ◽  
Dmitriy Korepanov ◽  
Акшикова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
State University ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The paper presents the data of groundwater research of European cranberry productivity on mineral soils in the climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic useful for industrial and private cultivation. Research aimed at developing technology of European cranberry cultivation on mineral soils, have scientific and practical perspective. Experience in direct rooting of European cranberry cuttings on mineral soils was conducted in 2010…2011 in the botanical garden of the Udmurt State University. As the planting material semilignified European cranberry cuttings were used harvested in the spring before the growing season in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

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